洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考
英 語 試 卷
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分，滿分150分
第Ⅰ卷（選擇題，共115分）
注意事項：
1、答第I卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上。
2、每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案，不能答在試題卷上。
3、考試結(jié)束，將第II卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）
請聽下面5段對話，選出最佳選項。
1.
When does the man say the film would start?
A. At
2.
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Pop star and fan B. Boss and secretary. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
3.
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a restaurant B. In an office C. In a shop
4.
What can you know about the talks?
A. They haven’t started yet B. They have
got an agreement C. They haven’t
achieved much
5.
What does the man ask the woman to do ?
A. Look after something for him B. Show him the way to the left-luggage
office
C. Tell him some travel information
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
請聽下面5段對話或獨白，選出最佳選項。
請聽第6段材料，回答第6至8題。
6.
What can you learn about the room?
A. It’s small B. It
faces the street
C. It’s for non-smokers
7.
How many nights will the man stay in the hotel?
A. Three nights B. Two nights
C. Four nights
8.
How much will Richard probably pay?
A.
$104
B. $
請聽第7段材料，回答第9至11題
9.
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Old
friends B. Guide and
tourist C. Driver and
passenger
10.
What have the speakers been doing together?
A.
Doing business B. Going
sightseeing C.
Attending a meeting
11.
What does the woman plan to do next September?
A.
Visit the man B.
Change her job C. Make
a travel plan
請聽第8段材料，回答第12至14題
12.
Where are the two speakers?
A. In a concert hall B. In an ancient palace C. In a modern museum
13.
What does the man like best in this place?
A. The
lights B. The
paintings C. The colors
14.
What do you know about the two speakers?
A.
They’re uninterested in upper-class life.
B. They
wish to become rich soon
C. They
are having a good time.
請聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題
15.What
will the woman probably do if she’s caught in a thunderstorm?
A.
Stand on the ground B. Put
herself in water C. Find a place to
hide in
16.
What does the man think of taking a bath during a thunderstorm?
A. It is acceptable B. It is dangerous C. It is unbelievable
17.
What does the woman think about the man’s action?
A. It
is unusual
B. It is unnecessary
C. It is very practical
請聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。
18.
What is the speaker talking about?
A. Her unique experience B. Her future prospects C. Her favorite job
19.
What does the speaker want most?
A.
20.
What will the speaker most probably do in the future?
A. Open a big restaurant B. Work in a bookstore C. Remain single
第二部分 英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45）
第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15 分）
從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
21.---Do
you mind if I smoke here?
---_______.I’ve got a bit of cold these
days.
A. I’m
afraid I do B. Of
course not C. No trouble at
all D. Yes, just go
ahead
22.Song
Zhiyong, an ordinary farmer in Tangshang, devoted himself ______the people
in the snow-hit and earthquake-hit areas.
A .to
help B. in
helping C . to
helping
D. helping
23.The
news has spread all over the country______ the Chang’e-1 has been launched
successfully.
A.
that
B. which C.
whether
D. what
24.______
the Olympic Games successfully is the most important event of 2009 for us
Chinese,_______ proved that
A.
Hosted; which B. To host;
as C. Hosting; that D. Hosting; which
25.
---Why do you look so sad?
---There are so many problems _____.
A.
remaining to settle B. remained
settling
C.
remaining to be settled D.
remained to be settled
26.---Did
you have any problem in getting accustomed to the climate here?
--- _____ to speak of.
A.
None B. Neither C. Nothing D. No one
27.Was
it in the factory ______ we used to work _____ the accident occurred ?
A.
where; that B. which;
that C. that ; where D. where; which
28.
He is so tall that you can _______ easily in the crowd.
A. find him out B. pick him out C. work him out D. speak him out
29.______
looking after her sick mother, the fifteen-year-old girl had to take up two
part-time jobs to earn some money for food.
A. As
far as B. As long
as C. As much
as D. As
well as
30.The
inspectors, _____ the book unhealthy for children, suggested it ______.
A.
finding; banned B. to find;
banned C. found; to be
banned D. finding; be banned
31.Do
you know that smoking and drinking has become a _____ problem among teenagers,
which worries many parents and
teachers ?
A.
popular
B. typical C.
daily
D. traditional
32.
John Smith, who _____ in many different countries before he _____ to
A.
lived; came B. live; had come C. has lived; came D. had lived; had came
33.---What’s
going on between you and Peter ?
--- We had a fight. I regard him as my
trustworthy friend ____ to my shock, he gave me away.
A.
unless B.
since C. for D.
until
34.Not
until we had stayed together for a couple of days _____ we had a lot in common.
A. I found B. that I found C. did I find D. had I found
35.______ more and more companies closed down, _____ number of laid-off people is increasing year by year.
A. With; the B. For; a C. Since; the D. Because; a
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
Father's
Day is a fairly new celebration in the British calendar compared with Mother's
Day, which has been a very popular and well celebrated festival in the
Father’s Day was first celebrated by American 36 it was inspired by the actions of a man named William Smart. He was a veteran（退伍軍人）of the US Civil War and his wife 37 away giving birth to their sixth child. He 38 six children alone without remarrying, which was undoubtedly 39 back in those days.
His daughter, Sonora Dodd, 40 when she was an adult what her father had sacrificed for his 41 . It was in the early 1900s and she was actually 42 one day, listening to a sermon（傳教） on 43 . She thought there should 44 be a Father's Day celebration.
And so
the 45 was born, on the third Sunday every June,
close to the anniversary of
Father's Day is never quite such the big commercial event 47 Mother's Day is, probably because it hasn't been in 48 for so long. But what do British people do for Father's Day?
Well, most people would buy their fathers a card. The card would probably have a nice message in it 49 what a great Dad their father is. Some people do buy presents as well.
50 gifts for Dads are probably ties, chocolates or socks because these are things that Dads can 51 use even if they don't want them. In the run-up（即將到來之際） to Father's Day, or indeed Mother's Day, there will be ads on the TV giving 52 ideas of CDs or gadgets （小玩具，小玩意）we can buy. Card shops will be full of mugs or pens and similar goods with “World's Greatest Dad” 53 on them.
Some families 54 do things together to celebrate Father's Day like going for a meal. As a special treat, British people might give their Dad a bit of a rest , 55 him a cup of tea, or even wash his car and mow the lawn（除草） to make him feel really appreciated.
36. A. so B. or C. and D. but
37. A. passed B. ran C. went D. died
38. A. brought B. raised C. fed D. educated
39. A. unnatural B. unfair C. untrue D. unusual
40. A. realized B. noticed C. found D. heard
41. A. wife B. son C. daughter D. children
42. A. at school B. at church C. at home D. at work
43. A. Father’s Day B. Christmas Day C.Mother’s Day D. New Year’s Day
44. A. still B. also C. too D. as well
45. A. attraction B. position C. tradition D. congratulation
46. A. specially B. especially C. greatly D. officially
47. A. as B. like C. that D. which
48. A. use B. existence C. effect D. power
49. A. writing B. speaking C. telling D. saying
50. A. Popular B. Regular C. Normal D. Moral
51. A. sometimes B. seldom C. never D. always
52. A. you B. us C. them D. people
53. A. placed B. put C. written D. laid
54. A. must B. might C. can D. should
55. A. make B. cook C. boil D. steam
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
A
The curtain of the Beijing Olympics dropped on August 24th with a closing ceremony featured with carnival (狂歡節(jié))festiveness; however ,it seems that the atmosphere of gathering and celebration still goes on in people’s hearts. The readers of People’s Daily Online have left many messages expressing their admiration for the organizers and share their views on the whole games.
Most of them speak highly of the games by using such words as “extremely successful” ,”memorable”and “flawless(無暇的)”.The opening and closing ceremonies have also received wide laud for being “exceptional”, “most attracting”, “unforgettable”, “unique”, “wonderful”,and “splendid”.
The following are some of the messages:
“Wo Ai
“It was the most attracting show I’ve ever seen .Unlikely some country will ever be able to measure up! My deepest respect for all of you and sincere congratulations for these amazing ,unique and breathtaking OG.Breathtaking!By Griet”.
“With
great respect for the Chinese people and with much interest I have watched
closely these unforgettable and unique Olympic Games. I’ve enjoyed the amazing and breathtaking opening and
closing ceremonies in
“All
the Americans I know think that
56. What festival was the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics like?
A. Mid-autumn Day B. New year’s Day C. Christmas Day D. Carnival Day
57. What does the passage tell us about?
A. The closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
B. People’s congratulations on the Beijing Olympics.
C. People’s praise for the Beijing Olympic Games and the organizers.
D. People’s admiration for the organizers of the Beijing Olympics.
58. What does the underlined word “l(fā)aud” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. praise B. celebration C. criticism D. comment
B
Arriving in
There are three airports in
Eating out
There are many kinds of food in
Hotels
There are lots of good hotels in
Public transport
In
Places to see
Finally ,there are a lot of places to see in
shopping
Shopping in New York is fun .There are big shops on 5th avenue .They are open seven days a week .But be careful when you look at the prices ;you have to pay a special 8% tax on everything you buy in New York .
59.How many airports are there in
A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five
60.How much do you have to pay if you
buy a book of $
A. $10.8 B.$
61.When you visit
A. do as much shopping as possible B. take a taxi whenever you go out
C. stay at the best hotel---the Plaza D. try Italian and Chinese food
62. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You should take a bus to travel because it’s much cheaper.
B.
C. People can visit many places of
interest in
D. You are not allowed to go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty.
C
I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?
Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of fiats.
Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.
Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated（隔離）existence because a sense of community generally ties the inhabitants of small villages together. But country life has disadvantages too. It is true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-people who leave for the country are often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quietness.
What , then , of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by? I’m eager for the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric fire any evening.
63. We learn from Paragraph I that the writer________.
A. used to live in the country B. used to work in the city
C. works in the city D. lives in the country
64. In the writer’s opinion , the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT_______.
A. a strong sense of fear B. a lack of communication
C. housing conditions D. a sense of isolation
65. The text implies that it is not easy to buy ______ in the country.
A. agricultural produce B. fresh fruits C. fresh vegetables D. designed clothes
66. The passage manly talks about_______
A. the advantages of living in cities
B. the difference between living in cities and villages
C. most people prefer to live in cities D. the advantages of living in villages
D
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Call: 650-331-2814
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67. Tom, a boy in Grade 9, wants to study in a school which can offer students a good beginning in study and relationship. Which school should he choose?
A.
C.
68.
A. 650-967-6886 B. 650-967
69. The advertisement is intended for ________.
A. teachers B. university students
C. students who want to continue their education
D. students who want to attend universities
70. John , from a poor family , failed the College Entrance Examination in 2008. He decided to attend a continuation high school to study some skills in building , so he should fax his application to ________.
A. 670-467-4848 B. 650-961
E
On the afternoon of September 27,2008 ,astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday, clambering(攀爬) out of China's Shenzhou VII space craft in a technological feat（成就） that made the Chinese people excited.
"I'm
feeling quite well. I greet the Chinese people and the people of the
world," Zhai said as he climbed out of the craft at around
Chinese
President Hu Jintao and other top leaders had appeared at the
Zhai, 42, chosen
by an expert team for the first "out-of -capsule activity," showed a
red national flag, helped by colleague Liu Boming, who also briefly popped his
head out of the capsule.
Zhai slowly made
his way towards a test sample of solid lubricant(潤滑劑)
outside the capsule, took a sample and handed it to Liu.
Zhai safely
returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes. The walk marked the highpoint
of 
Zhai wore a $4.4
million Chinese-made suit weighing 120-kg. Liu wore a Russian-made one and
acted as an assistant.
The third crew member, Jing Haipeng, monitored the ship from inside the re-entry module.
The risky
maneuver is a step towards
"On this flight, Chinese people's footprints will be left in space for the first time," said a commentary by the Xinhua news agency.
The
astronauts went abroad on their walk after receiving a clean bill of health from doctors on the ground at mission
control in
Zhai's suit has 10 layers and takes up to 15 hours to assemble and put on.
Shenzhou VII took off on Thursday and is due to land on the northern steppes (草原)of Inner Mongolia on Sunday.
71. The space walk done by the Chinese astronaut was historic because_______.
A. it was telecast live
B. there were more Chinese viewers than ever
C. it was the first space walk carried out by Chinese astronauts
D. top leaders watched the space walk
72. The following statements are true EXCEPT________.
A. the lubricant put outside the capsule was a test sample
B. it took Zhai Zhigang about 20 minutes to return to the craft safely
C. many televisions and newspapers around the world reported the event
D. there is an aerospace control center in the capital
73. The significance of the space walk is that _________.
A. the astronaut can work outside the spacecraft
B. it marks a successful step towards
C. it has attracted tens of millions of people to watch the walk
D. the Chinese-made space suit can be used in space
74. What does the underlined word “clean” mean in the passage?
A. Healthy B. Paid-off C. Not dirty D. Clear
75. The best title of the passage is ________ .
A. First Footprints of Chinese People in Space
B. Expensive Space Suit
C. Three Successful Manned Flights by Chinese Astronauts
D. Historic Space Walk by Chinese Astronaut
洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考
英 語 試 卷
第II卷（非選擇題，共35分）
注意事項：
1、第II卷共2頁，用鋼筆或圓珠筆直接寫在試題卷上。
2、答卷前將密封線內(nèi)的項目填寫清楚。
節(jié)次
第一節(jié)
第二節(jié)
總分
得分
第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
此題要求改正所給短文的錯誤。對標有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊橫線上畫一個勾(√)；如果有錯誤(每行不會多于一個錯誤)，則按情況改錯如下：
此行多一個詞，把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。
此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。
A group of scientists were planning to go
to countryside to do a Scientific research in order to 76.____________
find out that whether the environment of the country 77.____________
had polluted . On arrival , they started to check the 78.____________
air and water . To our surprise, they found 79.____________
how terribly the situation was. They could see 80.____________
the serious pollution . Look into the cause, 81.____________
they persuade the government to pass the law 82.____________
to protect the environment and kept the balance of 83.____________
nature . Now everything has changed . Birds are 84.____________
singing while tree and grass are waving . &nbs
洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考學文科）.files/image002.jpg)
數(shù) 學 試 卷（文科）
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，滿分150分。
第I卷（選擇題 共60分）
注意事項：
1、答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上。
2、每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案，不能答在試題卷上。
3、考試結(jié)束，將第II卷和答題卡一并交回。
洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考
政 治 試 卷
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，滿分100分。
第I卷（選擇題 共48分）
注意事項：
1、答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上。
2、每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案，不能答在試題卷上。
3、考試結(jié)束，將第II卷和答題卡一并交回。
洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考
歷 史 試 卷
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，滿分100分。
第I卷（共57分）
注意事項：
1、答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上。
2、每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案，不能答在試題卷上。
3、考試結(jié)束，將第II卷和答題卡一并交回。
洛陽一高2008―2009學年下期高三年級2月月考
地 理 試 卷
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分，滿分100分。
第I卷（選擇題 共60分）
注意事項：
1、答第I卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號、考試科目用鉛筆涂寫在答題卡上。
2、每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案，不能答在試題卷上。
3、考試結(jié)束，將第II卷和答題卡一并交回。
原電池與電解
教學目標
知識技能：通過復習掌握原電池、電解、電鍍、金屬的腐蝕和防護原理。
能力培養(yǎng)：根據(jù)知識點的復習培養(yǎng)總結(jié)、歸納的能力，培養(yǎng)應用所學知識解決實際問題的能力。
科學思想：應用電化學的知識綜合、歸納，理論聯(lián)系實際。
科學方法：應用實驗研究問題的方法。
重點、難點 原電池與電解池的比較。
教學過程設計
教師活動
有機合成
教學目標
知識技能：通過復習有機合成，使學生掌握有機物的官能團間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化以及各類有機物的性質(zhì)、反應類型、反應條件、合成路線的選擇或設計。會組合多個化合物的有機化學反應，合成指定結(jié)構(gòu)簡式的產(chǎn)物。
能力培養(yǎng)：培養(yǎng)學生自學能力、觀察能力、綜合分析能力、邏輯思維能力以及信息的遷移能力。
科學思想：通過精選例題，使學生認識化學與人們的生活是密切相關的，我們可以利用已學的知識，通過各種方法合成人們需要的物質(zhì)，使知識為人類服務，達到對學生滲透熱愛化學、熱愛科學、熱愛學習的教育。
科學品質(zhì)：激發(fā)興趣和科學情感；培養(yǎng)求實、創(chuàng)新、探索的精神與品質(zhì)。
科學方法：通過組織學生討論解題關鍵，對學生進行辯證思維方法的教育，學會抓主要矛盾進行科學的抽象和概括。
重點、難點 學會尋找有機合成題的突破口。學會利用有機物的結(jié)構(gòu)、性質(zhì)尋找合成路線的最佳方式。
教學過程設計
教師活動
【復習引入】上節(jié)課我們主要復習了有機反應的類型，與有機物合成有關的重要反應規(guī)律有哪幾點呢？
【追問】每一規(guī)律的反應機理是什么？
（對學生們的回答評價后，提出問題）
【投影】
①雙鍵斷裂一個的原因是什么？
②哪種類型的醇不能發(fā)生氧化反應而生成醛或酮？
③哪種類型的醉不能發(fā)生消去反應而生成烯烴？
④酯化反應的機理是什么？
⑤什么樣的物質(zhì)可以發(fā)生成環(huán)反應？對學生的回答進行評價或補充。
學生活動
思考、回憶后，回答：共5點。
①雙鍵的加成和加聚；
②醇和鹵代烴的消去反應；
③醇的氧化反應；
④酯的生成和水解及肽鍵的生成和水解；
⑤有機物成環(huán)反應。
討論后，回答。
積極思考，認真討論，踴躍發(fā)言。
答：①雙鍵的鍵能不是單鍵鍵能的兩倍，而是比兩倍略少。因此，只需要較少的能量就能使雙鍵里的一個鍵斷裂。
②跟―OH相連的碳原子與3個碳原子相連的醇一般不能被氧化成醛或酮；
③所在羥基碳原子若沒有相鄰的碳原子（如CH3OH）或相鄰碳原子上沒有氫原子[如（CH3）3CCH2OH]的醇（或鹵代烴）不能發(fā)生消去反應而生成不飽和烴；
④酯化反應的機理是：羧酸脫羥基，醇脫氫。
⑤能發(fā)生有機成環(huán)的物質(zhì)是：二元醇脫水、羥基酸酯化、氨基酸脫水、二元羧酸脫水。
【提問】衡量一個國家的石油化工業(yè)發(fā)展水平的標志是什么？為什么？
回答：常把乙烯的年產(chǎn)量作為衡量一個國家石油化工發(fā)展水平的標志。
原因是：乙烯是有機化工原料，在合成纖維工業(yè)、塑料工業(yè)、橡膠工業(yè)、醫(yī)藥等方面得到廣泛應用。
【評價后引入】今天我們來復習有機物的合成。
【板書】有機合成
【講述】下面讓我們一起做第一道題，請同學們思考有機合成中合成路線的合理設計的關鍵是什么？應從哪些方面入手？
【投影】
例1 用乙炔和適當?shù)臒o機試劑為原料，合成 
。
資料1
資料2
傾聽，明確下一步的方向。
展開討論：
從原料到產(chǎn)品在結(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生兩種變化：
①從碳鏈化合物變?yōu)榉辑h(huán)化合物；
②官能團從“―C≡C―”變?yōu)椤皑DBr”。由順推法可知：由乙炔聚合可得苯環(huán)，如果由苯直接溴代，只能得到溴苯，要想直接得到均三溴苯很難。我們只能采取間接溴代的方法，即只有將苯先變?yōu)楸椒踊虮桨�，再溴代方可；而三溴苯酚中的“―OH”難以除去。而根據(jù)資料2可知， 
中的“―NH2”可通過轉(zhuǎn)化為重氮鹽，再進行放氮反應除去。
板演方程式：
【評價】大家分析得很全面，也很正確�，F(xiàn)將可行方案中所涉及到的有關反應方程式按順序?qū)懗�。請兩名同學到黑板來寫，其他同學寫在筆記本上。
【評價】兩名學生書寫正確。
【提問】對比這兩道小題，同學們想一想，設計合成有機物的路線時，主要應從哪里進行思考呢？
分析、對比、歸納出：
①解題的關鍵是找出原料與產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)差別是什么，然后在熟知物質(zhì)性能的基礎上尋找解決問題的途徑即合成路線。
②在解題時應考慮引入新的官能團，能否直接引入，間接引入的方法是什么？這些問題的解決就需要我們熟練掌握有機物的特征反應。
氧族元素
教學目標
知識技能：通過硫及其化合物轉(zhuǎn)化關系的教學，使學生掌握H2S、SO2、H2SO4的性質(zhì)、制法和用途；通過實驗設計的分析與討論，使學生對硫及其化合物知識網(wǎng)絡化、系統(tǒng)化。
能力培養(yǎng)：以硫及其化合物的性質(zhì)為載體，以實驗設計為核心，訓練學生對已有知識進行分析綜合、歸納演繹的思維能力以及解決實際問題的能力。
科學思想：通過學生自己對實驗方案的設計與討論，培養(yǎng)學生嚴謹求實的科學態(tài)度。
科學品質(zhì)：通過以學生為主體的探究式教學途徑，激發(fā)學生的學習興趣，嘗試成功的喜悅，使學生更加喜愛化學。
科學方法：通過實驗設計的討論與分析，使學生領會化學科學研究的一般方法。
重點、難點 硫及其化合物的相互轉(zhuǎn)化關系的實驗設計與評價。硫及其化合物各代表物性質(zhì)的綜合運用。
教學過程設計
教師活動
【引言】上節(jié)課我們復習了鹵族元素的知識，下面我們復習氧族元素。在復習本部分內(nèi)容時，建議以掌握S、H2S、SO2、H2SO4代表物的性質(zhì)為核心，用氧化還原的觀點為指導思想。
學生活動
傾聽、形成基本的復習思路。
【板書】二、氧族元素
【提問】請按下表要求填入你所知道的含有硫元素的物質(zhì)的化學式：
再現(xiàn)、討論后得到：
【提問】請根據(jù)所學的元素化合物知識，列出上面表格中的各物質(zhì)之間的轉(zhuǎn)化關系
討論逐步完善后得到：
【板書】1．硫及其重要化合物間相互轉(zhuǎn)化關系
【投影】
要求學生敘述各轉(zhuǎn)化關系的化學方程式。
【板書】2．硫的重要化合物性質(zhì)的實驗設計
結(jié)合上面的硫元素的知識網(wǎng)絡圖做好進行實驗設計的心理準備。
【板書】（1）SO2、H2S的制備及性質(zhì)的實驗設計
【投影】請設計一套實驗裝置生成SO2并證明SO2有氧化性、還原性和漂白性。
【提問】
①該裝置應包括幾部分？
②通過怎樣的實驗證明SO2有氧化性？寫出反應的化學方程式。將觀察到怎樣的現(xiàn)象。
③請確定氣體發(fā)生裝置及所需藥品。寫出化學方程式。
④制H2S時不使用濃硫酸的原因？
⑤如何證明SO2有還原性？將觀察到怎樣的實驗現(xiàn)象？寫出化學方程式。
⑥如果證明SO2有漂白性？將觀察到怎樣的實驗現(xiàn)象？
⑦尾氣能否排入大氣？應如何處理？
⑧裝置的各組成部分如何連接最合理？
討論、設計實驗方案。
思考并回答：
①氣體發(fā)生裝置、證明還原性的裝置、證明漂白性的裝置、證明氧化性的裝置、尾氣吸收裝置。
②使SO2與H2S反應。
2H2S+SO2=3S↓+2H2O，將觀察到有淡黃色固體物質(zhì)生成。
③
Na2SO3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+SO2↑+H2O
FeS+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2S↑
④濃硫酸可將-2價S元素氧化。
⑤使SO2通過裝有溴水或酸性KMnO4溶液的洗氣瓶。溶液將褪色。
Br2+SO2+2H2O=2HBr+H2SO4
⑥使SO2氣體通過裝有品紅溶液的洗氣瓶或與濕潤的有色布條接觸，品紅溶液或布條將褪色。
⑦因SO2和H2S均污染環(huán)境，所以不能排入大氣，可用堿液吸收。
⑧充分討論后最終得出下列裝置圖：（見圖3-5）
【投影】SO2氧化性、還原性、漂白性的驗證：
【練習】將等體積的SO2和Cl2的混合氣體通入品紅溶液中，品紅溶液是否褪色？為什么？
思考、討論并解答：不褪色，原因是發(fā)生了如下反應：
SO2+Cl2+2H2O=2HCl+H2SO4
【板書】
自我總結(jié)與概括。
【板書】（2）濃硫酸性質(zhì)的實驗設計
【提問】濃硫酸有哪些特殊性質(zhì)？舉例說明。（要求學生口述有關反應的化學方程式）。
回憶、再現(xiàn)濃硫酸的特殊性質(zhì)。思考并回答：①吸水性――濃硫酸在空氣中放置吸水而增重，濃硫酸可做氣體干燥劑。②脫水性――濃硫酸使蔗糖炭化，濃硫酸使乙醇脫水轉(zhuǎn)化為乙烯。③強氧化性――濃硫酸與金屬Cu、非金屬C等反應。
【投影】請設計一套實驗裝置圖，用來演示濃硫酸與木炭共熱的反應及檢驗其生成的產(chǎn)物。
【提問】
①寫出濃硫酸與木炭反應的化學方程式。選擇該反應的發(fā)生裝置。
討論、設計實驗方案。
討論、思考并確定：
①2H2SO4（濃）+C 
2SO2↑+CO2↑+2H2O，依據(jù)反應物的狀態(tài)和反應條件，選擇如下實驗裝置：
②應先檢驗何種產(chǎn)物？選擇實驗裝置。
②應先檢驗水，選擇如下裝置：
③填寫下面的表格：
③
據(jù)上確定如何檢驗SO2和CO2，設計出實驗裝置圖并說明實驗現(xiàn)象及得出的結(jié)論。
回答：A中的品紅溶液褪色，則證明了SO2的存在。B中的酸性KMnO4溶液或溴水用于吸收SO2，實驗過程中顏色將變淺。C中的品紅溶液用于證實SO2是否除凈。當C中品紅不褪色，D中石灰水變渾則證明了CO2的存在。
師生共同歸納后得出下面的實驗裝置圖：
【投影】濃硫酸與木炭反應的實驗設計：
【板書】
【提問】含硫元素的陰離子主要有哪些？
思考、回憶并歸納出：S2-、SO32-、S2O32-、SO42-。
【板書】
（3）S2-、SO32-、S2O32-、SO42-檢驗的實驗設計
【提問】各種離子應如何檢驗？將檢驗方案填寫在下面的表格內(nèi)：
討論、總結(jié)出各種離子的檢驗方案，與教師共同完成表格。
【投影】幾種含硫離子的檢驗：
【提問】在某溶液中加入BaCl2溶液和稀硝酸，有白色沉淀產(chǎn)生，原溶液中一定有SO42-離子嗎？為什么？
思考討論在教師的引導下得出：原溶液中不一定含SO42-，原因是：
①Ag+與BaCl2產(chǎn)生的AgCl同樣不溶于稀硝酸。
②若原溶液中含有SO32-，則加入BaCl2溶液時產(chǎn)生BaSO3沉淀，該沉淀遇稀硝酸會被氧化成BaSO4，仍然是白色沉淀。
【過渡】由此可見Ag+、SO32-對SO42-的檢驗有干擾。那么，應如何正確的檢驗SO42-呢？
討論、發(fā)表不同見解。最終得出正確的檢驗方法是：先加稀鹽酸排除Ag+、SO32-離子的干擾，再加BaCl2溶液，有白色沉淀產(chǎn)生，則證明原溶液含SO42-。
理解與記憶。
【板書】S2-、SO32-、S2O32-離子的檢驗用酸，SO42-離子的檢驗是先加稀鹽酸，再加BaCl2溶液。
【投影】硫和氯是同周期的主族元素，通過哪些事實可以證明氯的非金屬性強于硫？請從原子結(jié)構(gòu)的角度給予解釋。
討論、回憶歸納得出：
①Cl2與Fe、Cu反應生成FeCl3、CuCl2，而S與Fe、Cu反應生成FeS、Cu2S。
②Cl2與H2見光可發(fā)生爆炸性反應，H2可在Cl2中燃燒，H2與Cl2
極易化合，HCl很穩(wěn)定。S蒸氣與H2加熱才化合，H2S不穩(wěn)定。
③Cl2通入H2S溶液中會置換出S，即Cl2+H2S=S↓+2HCl。
④酸性：HClO4（最強酸）＞H2SO4（強酸）。
引導學生從原子結(jié)構(gòu)的角度解釋這些事實并得出下面結(jié)論：
【板書】原子結(jié)構(gòu)→非金屬性（氧化性）：Cl＞S
精選題
江蘇省如皋市2009屆高三第一次統(tǒng)一考試
語 文 試 卷
注意事項：
1．本試卷包括必做題和選做題，其中第六大題為選做題，其它題為必做題。滿分為160分，考試時間為150分鐘。
2．答題前，請務必將自己的姓名、考試證號等用書寫黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆填寫在答題紙密封線內(nèi)。請認真核對規(guī)定填寫的項目是否準確。
3．選擇題答案用2 B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上；主觀題答案必須用書寫黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆寫在答題紙上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無效。考試結(jié)束后，請將答題卡與答題紙一并交回。
鹽類水解知識及其應用
教學目標
知識技能：使學生掌握鹽類水解的實質(zhì)和規(guī)律，并能夠運用水解規(guī)律及平衡知識解釋、說明有關化學事實。
能力培養(yǎng)：創(chuàng)設問題情景，引導學生注重掌握知識的準確性，培養(yǎng)學生運用知識邏輯推理，解決新問題的能力。
科學思想：通過實驗及問題討論，加強學生對現(xiàn)象與本質(zhì)的辯證關系的理解，使學生學會用實驗方法和邏輯推理去探究物質(zhì)之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。
科學品質(zhì)：通過對水解知識的拓展與遷移，激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和求知欲，讓學生自己設計實驗，培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)造性和嚴謹求實的科學品質(zhì)。
科學方法：分析推理，遷移應用及科學抽象。
重點、難點 水解規(guī)律的綜合應用及準確的分析表述。
教學過程設計
教師活動
【引言】
我們已經(jīng)知道鹽溶液不一定是中性溶液，其原因是由于鹽類的水解。本次課的內(nèi)容是復習水解實質(zhì)、規(guī)律及相關知識在解決實際問題中的應用。
學生活動
回憶思考有關鹽類水解的概念及其規(guī)律。
【投影演示】
（1）少量CH3COONa固體投入盛有無水乙醇的培養(yǎng)皿，滴加幾滴酚酞，然后再加入少量水。（2）少量鎂粉投入盛有NH4Cl水溶液的培養(yǎng)皿。
【提問】
請結(jié)合兩個實驗現(xiàn)象，分析、解釋其本質(zhì)原因，并寫出有關離子方程式。
觀察實驗，記錄現(xiàn)象：
（1）開始酚酞不變色，加水后變紅色；
（2）有氣泡產(chǎn)生。
討論分析現(xiàn)象得出：
實驗（1）CH3COO-與水電離出的H+結(jié)合生成CH3COOH，而使水的電離平衡向右移動，溶液顯堿性。因此鹽類水解，水也是必要的反應物之一。
CH3COO-+H2O
CH3COOH+
實驗（2）NH4+水解，使溶液顯酸性，鎂與水解產(chǎn)生的氫離子發(fā)生置換反應生成氫氣。
NH4+H2ONH3?H2O+H+
Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑
由于水解平衡的正向移動，產(chǎn)生的氣體中除氫氣可能也有氨氣。
歸納小結(jié)：
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