九江一中2008-2009學年度上學期期中考試卷
高 三 英 語 2008.11.10
命題: 吳平 審題: 張曉楠
第一卷（共三部分，共115分）
第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7. 5分）
聽下面的5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What does the woman want to do?
A. Buy a heater B. Get some information. C. Pay the rent.
2. What’s the woman going to do?
A. Plan a party B. Hold a party C. Attend a party.
3. What do we know about the man?
A. He needn’t pay much for his house B. He doesn’t like the city C. He lives near his office
4. How will the man get to
A. By car. B. By train C. By air
5. What is the woman doing?
A. She is looking for a new job B. she is starting her vacation C.She is complaining to her friend.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What classes is
A. Computer B. Music C. Art
7. What is David’s wife in the school?
A.A librarian B. A student C.A teacher
聽第7段材料，回答第8、9、10題。
8. Where is the woman probably going this afternoon?
A. To the library B. To a swimming pool C.To a professor’s class
9. What will the man have to do this afternoon?
A. Study history B. Write a poem C. Finish a paper
10 What does Prof. Lovell probably teach?
A. Literature B. History C. Maths
聽第8段材料，回答第11、12、13題。
11. Who is going to work today?
A. The woman B. The man C. Rebecca
12. When will the two speakers meet again?
A. At 1:00 B.
At 11:
13. Where do they probably live?
A. In the center of the city B. Near the gym C. Out of the city
聽第9段材料，回答第14、15、16題。
14. Who do you think “they” refer to?
A. Policemen B. Teachers C. Thieves
15. What probably had happened to the man?
A. He might steal something to eat B. He lost his money C. He had a job interview.
16. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Policewoman and thief C. Friends.
聽第10段材料，回答第17、18、19、20題。
17. What was Frank’s trouble?
A. His cold had worsened and he had no medicine at home B. There was no one around to take care of him
C. He began to develop a bad cough that morning
18 What did Ramon do for Frank?
A. He went to buy some cough syrup for him
B. He called for a doctor.
C. He sent his dog Blackie to the local drugstore for some medicine
19. How did Ramon feel when Blackie was late?
A. Disappointed B. Amused C. Embarrassed
20 Why did Blackie bark at the bone outside the window?
A. Because he wanted to tell his master why he was delayed
B. Because he was very excited to see it.
C. Because he wanted to express his thanks to his master for it.
第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
21. ------The weather isn’t good enough for an outing, is it?
------Not in the least. We can’t have _______ at this time of the year.
A. a worse day B. a nicer day
C. such a bad day D. so fine a day
22. ________, I think, and the problem could be settled.
A. Making great efforts B. So long as you keep up your spirits
C. If you double your efforts D. A bit more effort
23．When the wounded to the hospital, they came to .
A．was rushed , life B．were rushed , life
C．rushed , lives D．were rushed , lives
24. He _____ a novel last year but I don’t know whether he____ it.
A. wrote; writes B. had written; has written
C. was writing; has finished D. has written; writes
25. We were told that we should follow the main road__________ we reached the central railway station.
A. whenever B. until
C. while D. wherever
26. You see, there’s no light on in the classroom，there be anybody studying there now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. mayn’t
27. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been__________ by a heavy storm.
A. kept B. stopped
C. slowed D. delayed
28. The general at last got a chance to visit the village, he used to fight, he had been dreaming of for years.
A. where; which B. where; that
C. in which; what D. that; which
29. In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.
A. contact B. contrast
C. connection D. conflict
30. money, he is quite rich, but this does not mean he is happy.
A. As with B. In terms of
C. Concerning D. In the light of
31. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.
A. doctors came to their rescue B. an emergency measure was taken
C. the tall building collapsed D. warnings were given to tourists
32．Cheer up, Maria! You can also enjoy _____ you have been dreaming of, if you don’t lose heart.
A．as a convenient life as B．as convenient a life as
C．as a life convenient as D．convenient as a life as
33. _____ the help of our teachers, we ______ the problem.
A Under; took no trouble in solving B In; had no trouble at solving
C On; kept no troubles to solve D With; had no difficulty solving
34．-------______ either you or he going to visit the exhibition?
-------He is. I can't _______ working until 6 o'clock.
A．Is; knock off B．Are; knock away
C．Are; knock off D．Is; knock away
35. A model or an experiment in a science class can help students see things which would ______ remain hidden.
A. otherwise B. still
C. thus D. therefore
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 36~55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
I ran into a stranger as he passed by. “I'm so sorry!” was my reply. Then he said, “Excuse me too. I wasn't 36
watching for you.” We were very polite. Then we went on our way after saying 37.
But at 38 , a different story is told. How we treat our loved ones, young and old. Later in the kitchen, as I 39 our meal, my daughter walked up to me, very still. When I turned, I 40 knocked her down. “Get out of the way!” I shouted. She stepped away silently, with her little heart 41 .
That night, when I lay
By this time, I felt sad and small and now my own tears had begun to fall. I quietly went and knelt by her 47 : “Wake up, my dear,” I said, “Are these the flowers you picked up for me?” She smiled, “I found them out by the tree. I 48 them in a napkin, just for you. I knew you'd like them, especially the 49 .” I said, “I am so sorry that I missed them today... And I 50 have shouted at you that way.”
And she whispered, “Mommy, that's okay.. I still love you 51 .” I hugged her and said, “I love you, too and I LOVE the flowers.”
Do you know that: if you die tomorrow, the 52 you are working for could easily replace you in a matter of days. But the family you leave _53 will feel the loss for the rest of their lives. And come to think of it, we pour ourselves more into our 54 than into our families--an unwise investment indeed.
Remember that 55 equals (F)ATHER -- (A)
36. A. ever B. even C. just D. right
37. A. greeting B. good morning C. goodbye D. hello
38. A. school B. work C. home D. office
39. A. cooked B. had C. ate D. took
40. A. already B. hardly C. rudely D. nearly
41. A. lost B. missed C. beaten D. broken
42. A. asleep B. awake C. afraid D. alive
43. A. dealing B. meeting C. going D. talking
44. A. floor B. kitchen C. window D. door
45. A. grew B. bought C. picked D. fetched
46. A. tears B. expressions C. smiles D. joy
47. A. desk B. bed C. body D. knees
48. A. wrapped B. covered C. put D. help
49. A. pink B. yellow C. blue D. black
50. A. needn't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. can't
51. A. indeed B. besides C. anything D. anyway
52. A. company B. country C. place D. state
53. A. for B. with C. behind D. to
54. A. stranger B. loss C. meal D. work
55. A. RESPECT B. WARMTH C. FAMILY D. FRIEND
第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下面的短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
People fell in love with Elizabeth
Taylor in 1944, when she starred in National Velvet-the story of Velvet
Brown, a young girl who wins first place in a famous horse race. At first, the
producers of the movie told
Elizabeth Taylor was born in
Elizabeth Taylor is a legend of our time.
Like Velvet Brown in National Velvet,
she has been lucky, she has beauty, fame and wealth. But she is also a hard
worker.
56. The
producers didn’t let
A. was small in size B. was too young
C. did not play well enough D. did not show much interest
57. What Elizabeth Taylor and Velvet Brown had in common was that they were both _____.
A. popular all their lives B. famous actresses
C. successful when very young D. rich and kind-hearted
58.
A. 12 B.
59. In her later life, Elizabeth Taylor devoted herself to .
A. doing business and helping others B. turning herself into a legend
C. collecting money for the poor D. going about research and education work
B
If you think a Web site designed especially for complaining sounds unique, then think again. If you have a complaint, there are hundreds of sites that allow you to get it off your chest. Sites exist for complaining about such things as defective products, government inefficiency, and offensive advertising. There are even sites where you can complain about anything that bugs you, including love, family, or just the weather. These Web sites won’t actually do anything about your problem; they just let you blow off steam. Here’s a sampling of complaints people have written:
1. Something I can’t stand is pencils! They need to be sharpened after every page you write. And then don’t you hate it when they start to make a scratching noise?
2. Have you ever noticed that in most schools you have chairs with armrests to write on attached to the right-hand side of the chair only? Where are the desks for left-handed people? It’s very uncomfortable for us “l(fā)efties” to use these desks made for right-handed people!
3. I see red every time I get my credit card bill from the bank. There’s always a check for a large amount attached with an invitation to sign it and spend it on “anything I want.” I have enough sense to rip it up and throw it away, but I bet a lot of people don’t. They don’t realize that when they use the “free check”, the expense gets put on their credit card bill. Boy, they must be surprised when they get that bill! I think that banks shouldn’t be tempting people with those checks.
4. It isn’t fair that only the
60. If you have a complaint and go to some Web sites, ___________.
A. your problem will be settled B. you won’t be angry any more
C. you are allowed to check your chest D. you will be bugged
61. What is the problem with those checks that people complained about?
A. People can buy anything without paying the bill. B. People usually throw them away.
C. People are surprised to get the checks. D. People couldn’t realize they’d used too much with the check
62. Why do people complain about the Internet?
A. People can’t find the internet outside the United States B. People
can’t get a free offer in the
C. People can’t get a free offer outside the
63. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Excellent Web Sites. B. Complaining Online.
C. Sampling of Complaints. D. Writing out Your Complaints.
C
To be “historically minded” is to see things in relation and in perspective, and to judge tolerantly. We must remember how differently men have thought and acted in different times. We must always keep an open mind, ready to receive and weigh new evidence. If we grasp this idea, we will never think that a historian is someone who can remember dates. That childish idea is like calling a man a statesman because he can remember the names of voters in his district. A waiter could remember more names and a telephone operator more numbers than the greatest historian.?
The true historian is not content to take all his facts from other historians. Today he makes sure that his statements are based on sound “documents” or “sources” which go back to the time of the facts themselves. But the historian needs always to be in his guard not to be misled by his sources. A document may not be a real one. Its author may be lying on purpose for some reasons. He may be so greatly influenced by national, religious, party or personal backgrounds as to be totally unfair to the other side. If honest, he may be misinformed as to the facts and mistaken in his inferences.?
Anyone who reads the accounts published in the different countries concerning the causes and results of wars will realize that the historian needs caution and training in handling these sources. The trained historian asks first: “Did this writer mean to tell the truth?” and second; “Was he in a position or frame of mind to tell the truth even if he wants to?” Every statement must be patiently weighed and tested and combined with all other available information in order to get at the truth.?
A. always keeps an open mind to history? B. looks at one historical event without relating it to another
C. sees things from a single point of view? D. refuses to accept new evidence?
65. In Paragraph l the author means to illustrate that ____.?
A. different men think and act differently?
B. the study of history is not merely a matter of remembering dates?
C. a statesman can remember the names of voters in his district?
D. a waiter can remember more names than the great historians?
66. The true historian should base his statements on ____.?
A. findings of other historians? B. documents created at the present time?
C. his own inferences? D. sound historical materials?
67. Which of the following is the topic of Paragraph 3? ?
A. Some historical documents may not be real.? B. Historians should be careful about their sources.
C. Some authors may not be honest.?? D. Historians may be influenced by their own backgrounds.?
D
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Send for your free instructions now.
68. This is an advertisement of _________.
A. inquiring English learning B. setting up the Open University
C. selling books D. attracting students
69. As a student of the Open University, you don't need to ________.
A. buy any course materials B. have lessons all the time at the university
C. choose which course to learn D. pay any money for your study
70. The Open University can supply you with ________.
A. a course for training your English B. a classroom and a library for study
C. different kinds of free instructions D. different jobs to choose from
71. We can learn from the text that _________.
A. OU
courses are popular in
C. You can’t be admitted without any training before D. people can't be employed without finishing OU courses
Effective environmental
protection laws and other measures have led to the improvement of water quality
in Tai Hu lake in
The news was announced by officials from the provincial environmental protection bureau, which has just conducted an inspection of the lake area.
By the end of September, about 80 per cent of industrial pollutants met required standards and the lake is expected to be cleaner by the end of the year, officials said.
According to targets set by the State Environmental Protection Administration, all polluting enterprises must meet set standards by the end of this year or they will be shut down.
The
However, the quality of water in the lake has been deteriorating（惡化）at an alarmingly rate in recent years, which has caused concern from the government and local people.
Pollution is so high mainly because people do not have enough environmental awareness and have put economic benefits ahead of their surroundings.
Economic development in the area has been rapid with hundreds of factories being built. But officials say most of these do not have the anti-pollution equipment or measures they should have.
Because of the lack of
waste treatment facilities, wasted water and other rubbish from residential
areas in nearby towns and villages flow into rivers which are connected to
Realizing the seriousness of the situation, the provincial and local governments began to tackle the problem.
Experts were invited to offer suggestions and laws and regulations were issued. All newly built factories and enterprises in the lake area were required to install necessary anti-pollution facilities before they can go into operation.
Also, some wasted water treatment works will be built in the three cities.
72. We can know from the text that the Taihu lake area is a place where_____.
A. the water in the lake was very clear B. the factories are trying their best to protect the water
C. the economy has been developed best in the country
D. the people and the government are paying more attention to the pollution.
73. Most of the factories now _____
A. are sending the quite a little pollutant to the lake B. can satisfy the required standards
C. have to stop their production D. have to think of other ways to survive.
74. The reason why the pollution became so serious here is that ___
A. the people here didn’t know how to deal with the pollution
B. the factories thought the economy was the first
C. the local governments didn’t know the situation at all
D. the factories had no the technology to control the pollution.
75. After reading the text, we can learn that_____.
A. the economy development will do harm for the environment
B. we can not avoid polluting if we wish to develop our economy.
C. only the experts can deal with the pollution
D. pollution can't be the result of the economy development
第二卷（非選擇題 共35分）
第四部分：寫作 （共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié)：對話填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）
閱讀下面對話，掌握其大意，并根據(jù)所給字母的提示，在標有題號的右邊線上寫出一個英語單詞的完整、正確形式，使對話通順。
Jack: Have you heard the news that someone rode a horse to school?
Jane: What? Rode a horse to school? It (76) s_______ so strange to me.
Jack: But that’s true. A newspaper says recently two American (77) g_____ did it.
Jane: How come?
Jack: That is (78) b______ of rising oil prices. (79) L________ far away from their school, Mellissa Evans and Chapa Steven went to school by car. And as oil prices kept rising, they thought their horses would (80) s______ them money. (81) A_________ the trip will take hours, hay(干草) is much (82) c_______ than gas.
Jane: That’s right.
Jack: But the girl’s (83) c_________ ideas may not last long.
Jane: But why?
Jack: The school has told them that keeping horses at school is (84) a________ the school rules.
Jane. I see.
Jack:
And many people have (85) s_______ from the oil prices rising in
Jane: So do people in our country.
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
第二節(jié)：書面表達（滿分25分）
根據(jù)提示寫一篇120字左右的短文。
時下，很多學生帶手機上學。為此，某英語報在你校組織了一場討論。討論的主題：中學生是否有必要帶手機去學校。請你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況。
大多數(shù)同學認為
大多數(shù)老師認為：
你的觀點：
可方便與家長、同學聯(lián)系；是一種時尚。
中學生年齡尚小，還不能自控；用手機玩游戲，發(fā)短信浪費時間；容易引起攀比。如須打電話學校里有各種電話可供使用。
追求時尚可以理解，
但學習是首要任務。
注意：1．信的開頭已為你寫好。
2參考詞匯：攀比：vie with… 在校園內：on the campus
Dear editor:
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether ????????.
2009年高考第二輪熱點專題訓練27―醛、酸和酯
. （五年高考真題精練）
1．（08海南卷）1mo1X能與足量碳酸氫鈉溶液反應放出44.8LCO2(標準狀況)，則X的分子式是（ ）
A．C5H10O4 B．C4H8O
2．（08重慶卷）食品香精菠蘿酯的生產路線（反應條件略去）如下：
下列敘述錯誤的是（ ）
A．步驟（1）產物中殘留的苯酚可用FeCl3溶液檢驗
B．苯酚和菠蘿酯均可與酸性KMnO4溶液發(fā)生反應
C．苯氧乙酸和菠蘿酯均可與NaOH溶液發(fā)生反應
D．步驟（2）產物中殘留的烯丙醇可用溴水檢驗
3．（08全國Ⅰ卷）下列各組物質不屬于同分異構體的是（ ）
A．2，2-二甲基丙醇和2-甲基丁醇 B．鄰氯甲苯和對氯甲苯
C．2-甲基丁烷和戊烷 D．甲基丙烯酸和甲酸丙酯
4．(07廣東卷)下列關于有機化合物的說法正確的是( )
A．乙醇和乙酸都存在碳氧雙鍵
B．甲烷和乙烯都可以與氯氣反應
C．高錳酸鉀可以氧化苯和甲烷
D．乙烯可以與氫氣發(fā)生加成反應，苯不能與氫氣加成
5．(07全國卷I)某有機化合物僅由碳、氫、氧三種元素組成，其相對分子質量小于150，若已知其中氧的質量分數(shù)為50%，則分子中碳原子的個數(shù)最多為( )
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．7
6．(07寧夏卷)下列除去雜質的方法正確的是( )
①除去乙烷中少量的乙烯：光照條件下通入Cl2，氣液分離；
②除去乙酸乙酯中少量的乙酸：用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液洗滌，分液、干燥、蒸餾；
③除去CO2中少量的SO2：氣體通過盛飽和碳酸鈉溶液的洗氣瓶；
④除去乙醇中少量的乙酸：加足量生石灰，蒸餾。
A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．②③
7．(07海南卷)下列有關合成洗滌劑的敘述錯誤的是( )
A．在洗滌劑烷基苯磺酸鈉中，烷基含碳原子的個數(shù)以12～18為宜
B．在洗滌劑烷基苯磺酸鈉中，烷基應以帶有支鏈的為宜
C．在合成洗滌劑中添加酶制劑可提高洗滌效果
D．在合成洗滌劑中應以無磷助劑代替含磷助劑
8．(07海南卷)從甜橙的芳香油中可分離得到如下結構的化合物：
現(xiàn)在試劑：①KMnO4酸性溶液；②H2/Ni；③Ag(NH3)2OH；④新制Cu(OH)2，能與該化合物中所有官能團都發(fā)生反應的試劑有( )
A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
9．(07山東卷)下列說法正確的是( )
A．乙烯的結構簡式可以表示為CH2CH2
B．苯、乙醇和乙酸都能發(fā)生取代反應
C．油脂都不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色
D．液化石油氣和天然氣的主要成分都是甲烷
10．（06重慶卷）利尿酸在奧運會上被禁用，其結構簡式如圖所示。下列敘述正確的是( )
 |
A．利尿酸的衍生物利尿酸甲酯的分子式是C14H14O4Cl2
B．利尿酸分子內處于同一平面的原子不超過10個
C．1 mol利尿酸能與7 mol H2發(fā)生加成反應
D．利尿酸能與FeCl3溶液發(fā)生顯色反應
11．（05北京卷）可用于鑒別以下三種化合物的一組試劑是( )
①銀氨溶液 ②溴的四氯化碳溶液 ③氯化鐵溶液 ④氫氧化鈉溶液
A．②與③ B．③與④ C．①與④ D．①與②
12．（04上海卷）某芳香族有機物的分子式為C8H6O2，它的分子（除苯環(huán)外不含其他環(huán)）中不可能有( )
A．兩個羥基 B． 一個醛基 C． 兩個醛基 D． 一個羧基
13．（04理綜）室內裝潢和家具揮發(fā)出來的甲醛是室內空氣的主要污染物，甲醛易溶于水，常溫下有強烈刺激性氣味，當溫度超過20℃時，揮發(fā)速度加快，根據(jù)甲醛的這些性質，下列做法錯誤的是( )
A． 入住前房間內保持一定溫度并通風
B． 裝修盡可能選擇在溫度較高的季節(jié)
C． 請環(huán)境監(jiān)測部門檢測室內甲醛含量低于國家標準后入住
D． 緊閉門窗一段時間后入住
14．（04理綜卷）心酮胺是治療冠心病的藥物。它具有如下結構簡式：
下列關于心酮胺的描述，錯誤的是 ( ) w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A． 可以在催化劑作用下和溴反應 B． 可以和銀氨溶液發(fā)生銀鏡反應
C． 可以和氫溴酸反應 D． 可以和濃硫酸與濃硝酸的混合液反應
15．（04理綜卷）乳酸（
）在一定條件下經(jīng)縮合生成一種塑料（
）
用這種新型塑料制成的餐具，在乳酸菌的作用下，60天內分解成無害的物質，不會對環(huán)境造成污染。在該聚合反應中生成的另一種產物是( )
A．H2O B．CO2 C． O2 D． H2
16．(07全國卷II)某有機化合物X(C7H8O)與另一有機化合物Y發(fā)生如下反應生成化合物Z(C11H14O2)。X＋Y
Z＋H2O
(1)X是下列化合物之一，已知X不能與FeCl3溶液發(fā)生顯色反應，則X是_________(填標號字母)。
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(2)Y的分子式是__________，可能的結構簡式是___________________和__________________。
(3)Y有多種同分異構體，其中一種同分異構體E發(fā)生銀鏡反應后，其產物經(jīng)酸化可得到F(C4H8O3)。F可發(fā)生如下反應：
F
＋H2O
該反應的類型是________________，E的結構簡式是__________________________。
(4)若Y與E具有相同的碳鏈，則Z的結構簡式為____________________________。
17．(07山東卷)乙基香草醛(
)是食品添加劑的增香原料，其香味比香草醛更加濃郁。
(1)寫出乙基香草醛分子中兩種含氧官能團的名稱_______________________。
(2)乙基香草醛的同分異構體A是一種有機酸，A可發(fā)生以下變化：
提示：①RCH2OH
RCHO；
②與苯環(huán)直接相連的碳原子上有氫時，此碳原子才可被酸性KMnO4溶液氧化為羧基。
(a)由A→C的反應屬于_______________(填反應類型)。
(b)寫出A的結構簡式________________________。
(3)乙基香草醛的另一種同分異構體D(
)是一種醫(yī)藥中間體。請設計合理方案用茴香醛(
)合成D(其他原料自選，用反應流程圖表示，并注明必要的反應條件)。
例如：
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
18．(07四川卷)有機化合物A的分子式是C13H20O8(相對分子質量為304)，1 mol A在酸性條件下水解得到4 mol CH3COOH和1 mol B。B分子結構中每一個連有羥基的碳原子上還連有兩個氫原子。
請回答下列問題：
(1)A和B的相對分子質量之差是_______。
(2)B的結構簡式是____________________。
(3)B不能發(fā)生的反應是_________(填寫序號)。
①氧化反應 ②取代反應 ③消去反應 ④加聚反應
(4)已知：
―CHO＋
；
―CHO＋
＋NaOH(濃)
＋
。
以兩種一元醛(其物質的量之比為1:4)和必要的無機試劑為原料合成B，寫出合成B的各步反應的化學方程式。
19．(07天津卷)奶油中有一種只含C、H、O的化合物A。A可用作香料，其相對分子質量為88，分子中C、H、O原子個數(shù)比為2:4:1。
(1)A的分子式為______________。
(2)寫出與A分子式相同的所有酯的結構簡式：__________________________________________。
已知：①ROH＋HBr(氫溴酸)
RBr＋H2O
②
RCHO＋R´CHO
A中含有碳氧雙鍵，與A相關的反應如下：
(3)寫出A→E、E→F的反應類型：A→E_____________、E→F______________。
(4)寫出A、C、F的結構簡式：A________________________、C_______________________、F____________________。
(5)寫出B→D反應的化學方程式________________________________________________。
(6)在空氣中長時間攪拌奶油，A可轉化為相對分子質量為86的化合物G，G的一氯代物只有一種，寫出G的結構簡式_____________________________。A→G的反應類型為_______________。
20．(07重慶卷) 有機物A、B、C互為同分異構體，分子式為C5H8O2，有關的轉化關系如圖所示，已知：A的碳鏈無支鏈，且1 mol A能與4 mol Ag(NH3)OH完全反應；B為五元環(huán)酯。
提示：CH3―CH=CH―R
CH2Br―CH=CH―R
(1)A中所含官能團是___________________。
(2)B、H結構簡式為___________________________、___________________________________。
(3)寫出下列反應方程式(有機物用結構簡式表示)
D→C___________________________________________________；
E→F(只寫①條件下的反應)______________________________________________。
(4)F的加聚產物的結構簡式為______________________________。
21．(07北京卷)(碳、氫、氧3種元素組成的有機物A，相對分子質量為102，含氫的質量分數(shù)為9.8%，分子中氫原子個數(shù)為氧的5倍。
(1)A的分子式是 。
(2)A有2個不同的含氧官能團，其名稱是 。
(3)一定條件下，A與氫氣反應生成B，B分子的結構可視為1個碳原子上連接2個甲基和另外2個結構相同的基團。
①A的結構簡式是 。
②A不能發(fā)生的反應是(填寫序號字母) 。
a．取代反應 b．消去反應 c．酯化反應 d．還原反應
(4)寫出兩個與A具有相同官能團、并帶有支鏈的同分異構體的結構簡式： 。
(5)A還有另一種酯類同分異構體，該異構體在酸性條件下水解，生成兩種相對分子質量相同的化合物，其中一種的分子中有2個甲基，此反應的化學方程式是 。
(6)已知環(huán)氧氯丙烷可與乙二醇發(fā)生如下聚合反應：
n
＋nOHCH2CH2OH
＋nHCl
B也能與環(huán)氧氯丙烷發(fā)生類似反應生成高聚物，該高聚物的結構簡式是 。
22．（06北京）有機物A為茉莉香型香料。
 |
（1）A分子中含氧官能團的名稱是
。
（2）C的分子結構可表示為（其中R和R’代表不同的烴基）：
A的化學式是 ，A可以發(fā)生的反應是 （填寫序號字母）。
a．還原反應 b．消去反應 c．酯化反應 d．水解反應
（3）已知含有烴基R的有機物R－OH與濃溴水反應產生白色沉淀，則含有烴基R’的有機物R’－OH的類別屬于 。
（4）A分子結構中只有一個甲基，A的結構簡式是 。
（5）在濃硫酸存在下，B與乙醇共熱生成化合物C16H22O2的化學方程式是：
。
（6）在A的多種同分異構體中，分子結構中除烴基R’含有三個甲基外，其余部分均與A相同的有 種。
23．（06四川卷）四川盛產五倍子。以五倍子為原料
可制得化合物A。A的結構簡式如右圖所示：
（1）A的分子式是 。
（2）有機化合物B在硫酸催化條件下加熱發(fā)生酯化反應可得到A。請與出B的結構簡式：
。
（3）請寫出A與過量NaOH溶液反應的化學方程式： 。
（4）有機化合物C是合成治療禽流感藥物的原料之一。C可以看成是B與氫氣按物質的量之比1∶2發(fā)生加成反應得到的產物。C分子中無羥基與碳碳雙鍵直接相連的結構，它能與溴水反應使溴水褪色。請寫出C與溴水反應的化學方程式：
。
24．（04天津卷）烯烴通過臭氧化并經(jīng)鋅和水處理得到醛或酮。例如：
CH3CH2CH＝C(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH＝O＋O＝C(CH3)2
I．已知丙醛的燃燒熱為1815kJ/mol，丙酮的燃燒熱為1789kJ/mol，試寫出丙醛燃燒的熱化學方程式 。
II．上述反應可用來推斷烯烴的結構。一種鏈狀單烯烴A通過臭氧化并經(jīng)鋅和水處理得到B和C�；衔顱含碳69.8%，含氫11.6%，B無銀鏡反應，催化加氫生成D。D在濃硫酸存在下加熱，可得到能使溴水褪色且只有一種結構的物質E。反應圖示如下：
回答下列問題：
（1）B的相對分子質量是 ；C→F的反應類型為 ；D中含有官能團的名稱 。
（2）D＋F→G的化學方程式是： 。
（3）A的結構簡式為 。
（4）化合物A的某種同分異構體通過臭氧化并經(jīng)鋅和水處理只得到一種產物，符合該條件的異構體的結構簡式有
種。
25．（04全國卷）芳香化合物A、B互為同分異構體，B的結構是
A經(jīng)①、②兩步反應得C、D和E。B經(jīng)①、②兩步反應得E、F和H。上述反應過程、產物性質及相互關系如圖所示
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（1）寫出E的結構簡式 。
（2）A有2種可能的結構，寫出相應的結構簡式
。
（3）F和小粒金屬鈉反應的化學方程式是 ，
實驗現(xiàn)象是 ，反應類型是 。
（4）寫出F在濃H2SO4作用下在170℃發(fā)生反應的化學方程式：
，
實驗現(xiàn)象是 ，反應類型是 。
（5）寫出F與H在加熱和濃H2SO4催化作用下發(fā)生反應的化學方程式
，
實驗現(xiàn)象是 ，反應類型是 。
（6）在B、C、D、F、G、I化合物中，互為同系物的是 。
2009年復習有機合成推斷專題 1
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1、某有機物X是農藥生產中的一種中間體，其結構簡式為
（如圖）
（1）X的分子式為____________（3分）
（2）X分子中含有的官能團有____________________
（用結構簡式表示）（3分）
（3）X可能發(fā)生多種反應，下列有關X發(fā)生化學反應的敘述中正確的是（ ） （多選扣分）（3分）
A．在氫氧化鈉醇溶液中共熱能發(fā)生消去反應
B．在銅作催化劑時加熱，可被氧氣氧化生成能發(fā)生銀鏡反應的物質
C．在濃硫酸存在時加熱可發(fā)生消去反應
D．在鐵作催化劑時，可跟液溴發(fā)生取代反應
（4）寫出X跟氫氧化鈉稀溶液共熱時所發(fā)生反應的化學方程式
________________________________________________。（3分）
（5）X可能有多種同分異構體，寫出符合下列條件的一種同分異構體的結構簡式
________ __。（3分）
①苯環(huán)只有分處在對位的兩個取代基
②遇氯化鐵溶液不變色，但遇pH試紙顯紅色
2、（16分）某有機物X（C12H13O6Br）分子中含有多種官能團，其結構簡式為：
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（其中I、II為未知部分的結構）。為推測X的分子結構，進行如圖轉化：
已知向E的水溶液中滴入FeCl3溶液發(fā)生顯色反應，G、M都能與NaHCO3溶液反應。請回答：
（1）M的結構簡式為 ；D分子中所含官能團的結構簡式是 。
（2）E可以發(fā)生的反應有（選填序號） 。
①加成反應 ②消去反應 ③氧化反應 ④取代反應
（3）G在一定條件下發(fā)生反應生成分子組成為C4H4O4的有機物（該有機物可使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色），寫出G發(fā)生此反應的化學方程式： 。
（4）若在X分子結構中，I里含有能與氯化鐵溶液發(fā)生顯色反應的官能團，且E與溴水反應生成的一溴代物只有一種，則X的結構簡式是 。
（5）F與G互為同分異構體，F(xiàn)的分子中只含有羧基、羥基和醛基三種官能團，且同一個碳原子上不能同時連有兩個羥基。則F的分子結構可能為 、 。
3、（16分）已知香豆素是一種廣泛使用的香料，其結構簡式為：%20.files/image007.jpg)
提示：有機物CXHYOZ的不飽和度Ω=x+1-%20.files/image009.gif)
，CH3CHO+CH3CHO%20.files/image011.gif)
CH3CH=CHCHO，試回答：
（1）香豆素的分子式為 ，不飽和度Ω 。
（2）現(xiàn)提供乙醇、水楊醛及必要的無機試劑，合成香豆素，其路線如下表所示，請在方框內填寫A→D的結構簡式：
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（3）為確定化合物B中是否含有“―OH”的官能團，加入的試劑是 ，可能的現(xiàn)象是 。
（4）寫出下列反應的化學方程式：
A%20.files/image015.gif)
B
BC
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4、(16分)
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（I）乙苯的結構簡式可以表示為
，右圖是一種形狀酷似
一條小狗的有機物，化學家Tim Rickard將其取名為“doggycene”。
（1）doggycene分子式為________________________。
（2）0.5mol該物質在氧氣中完全燃燒生成CO2和水，共消耗氧氣的物質的量為______mol.
（II）惕各酸苯乙酯（C13H16O2）廣泛用作香精的調香劑。為了合成該物質，某實驗室的科技人員設計了下列合成路線：
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試回答下列問題：
（1）A的結構簡式為____________；F的結構簡式為________________。
（2）反應②中另加的試劑是__________________；反應⑤的一般條件是_________。
（3）反應③的化學方程式為___________________________。
（4）上述合成路線中屬于取代反應的是______________________（填編號）。
5、（15分）某有機化合物A的相對分子質量大于150且小于200。經(jīng)分析得知，化合物中碳、氫、氧的質量比為：7.5:1.125:3。A具有酸性，是蜂王漿中的有效成分，物質的量為0.0002mol的A需用20.0mL 0.0100mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液來滴定達到滴定終點。
（1）有機化合物A的相對分子質量是 ，該化合物的化學式（分子式）是 。
（2）已知A能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，A發(fā)生臭氧化還原水解反應生成B和C，B能發(fā)生銀鏡反應，且能與金屬鈉或氫氧化鈉溶液反應。
|
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已知：%20.files/image035.gif)
代表烷烴基)%20.files/image037.gif)
)不能穩(wěn)定存在。%20.files/image039.jpg)
某有機物
有如下轉化關系：%20.files/image041.gif)
中官能團名稱為
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C的化學反應方程式： %20.files/image047.gif)
，則其結構簡式為：
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（2）上述過程中有關反應的反應類型為：①___________反應，⑤____________反應，⑦___________反應。（3分）%20.files/image064.gif)
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（1）苯氯乙酮是一具有荷花香味且有強催淚作用的化學試劑，它的結構簡式如下圖所示：則苯氯乙酮不可能具有的化學性質是
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茚有一種同分異構體A，A分子中含有一個苯環(huán)，且苯環(huán)上只有一個側鏈，側鏈中有一個碳碳不飽和鍵。A能發(fā)生如下變化：%20.files/image071.jpg)
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（3）D
F的反應方程式是___________________________%20.files/image081.gif)
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提示：有機物分子結構中的
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，請寫出另外兩種
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