基本句型       結(jié)      構(gòu)             例            句

there

肯定句     there be +主+其它  There is a map on the wall.

                             墻上有張地圖。

be

否定句     there be + not +主+  There is not a map on the wall.

           其它              墻上沒有地圖。

結(jié)構(gòu)

一般疑問句 be + there +主+其  Is there a map on the wall?

           它                墻上有地圖嗎？

肯定與否定                   Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t.

回答                          是的，有    不，沒有

特殊疑問   特殊疑問詞+ be +  ―How many maps are there on the wall?

句及回答   there +主+其它       墻上有多少張地圖？

                            ―There are two. 有兩張

注1：

There be 句型也可以由其它動詞代替be，常用的詞有seem to be , happen to be ,appear to be, used to be 等詞組或用live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist, flow等動詞。

There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.

好象我們隊很有希望打敗他們隊。

Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

從前有一位老漁夫住在海邊的一個村子里。

注2：

There be 之后如有幾個并列主語時，用is或用are要取決于第一個主語是單數(shù)還有復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)則用are.

There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk.

桌上有一支鋼筆，一支鉛筆和兩本書。

There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk.

桌上有兩本書，一支鋼筆和一支鉛筆。

【專項訓(xùn)練】

it的用法

1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes, I like         .”

       A．×                  B．it             C．that                D．them

 2、         today?

       A．How is it                      B．What is it     C．What is it like          D．How is the weather.

 3、“Do you want a watch?”“         .”

       A．Yes, I want it .              B．Yes, I want one.   C．No, I’ve got it.              D．No, I’ve got the watch.

 4、“Whose exercise-book is that?”     “        hers”

       A．That is                  B．This is            C．It’s                D．Its

 5、      won’t take long to get to Shanghai by air.

       A．That                      B．He                 C．It                   D．This

 6、What he has done helps us a lot,           ?

       A．isn’t he                 B．doesn’t he      C．isn’t it           D．doesn’t it

 7、We all thought       no use doing that.

       A．it                          B．that                C．this                D．there

 8、I took it for granted        you would come to our party.

       A．when                    B．why                C．for what         D．that

 9、How happy      to be able to study and live together with you!

       A．that will be           B．is it                 C．will it be         D．it will be

 10、I thought it to be         .

       A．him                       B．he                   C．its                  D．she

11、        very foolish of you to say so.

       A．It’s                       B．Its                  C．That’s            D．This

12、It’s not his habit      for things.

       A．a(chǎn)sks                      B．a(chǎn)sk                 C．to ask             D．a(chǎn)sked

13、It has been a great honour       coming to visit me.

       A．they                      B．you                C．she                 D．he

14、I found        to hear what he said.

       A．that difficulty               B．it difficulty     C．that difficult                D．it difficult

15、He is fifty , but doesn’t         

       A．look at it              B．look for it    C．look it           D．look him

16、It was       who telephoned me yesterday.

       A．him                B．his                         C．himself                  D．he

17、The sentence      is wrong.

       A．its                  B．it                           C．itself               D．it’s

18、           is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.

       A．It                   B．This                C．That               D．There

19、It seems        John’s not coming after all.

       A．this                B．that                C．if                    D．to

20、      was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.

       A．It                   B．This                C．That               D．Such

21、Was      the room       the famous writer had ever lived in?

       A．that, it           B．it , that           C．it , where        D．that, which

22、        is said that he has been to many places in the United States.

       A．This               B．He                 C．It                   D．That

23、What      you want me to do?

       A．it is                B．that                C．is this             D．is it that

24、Is      not important who will go?

       A．it                    B．that                C．this                D．×

25、Why is it       everyone thinks he’s a thief?

       A．because          B．a(chǎn)s                   C．when              D．that

26、          being Sunday, the library was closed.

       A．What             B．It                   C．That               D．This

27、Is         believed       he is ill?

       A．it, that           B．he, that          C．it, if               D．he, for

28、         is known to us       Mary dances best.

       A．She, ×          B．It, that           C．It, she            D．She, who

29、“What’s this?”“       a flag.”

       A．This is           B．That’s             C．It’s                D．Its

30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about         ?

       A．him                B．it                   C．this                D．that

There be 結(jié)構(gòu)

31、Is      a typewriter in the room?

       A．he                  B．there                     C．it                   D．has

32、There’s no one in the house, is           ?

       A．it                   B．he                         C．there              D．they

33、         must be something wrong.

       A．It                   B．He                        C．There             D．They

34、           there anyone around?

       A．Was                B．Were                     C．There             D．Has

35、        used to be a church round the corner.

       A．Here        B．There                    C．It                   D．It is

36、It is reported that        is going to be a storm.

       A．it                   B．there                     C．×                  D．the weather

37、There        still a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.

       A．a(chǎn)re                B．were               C．is                   D．have

38、There is a girl        for the bus.

       A．to wait           B．waiting                  C．waited            D．wait

39、There         a pine tree at the top of the hill.

       A．stands            B．lies                        C．lives               D．has

40、       will be a good film on at the Rex next week.

       A．There             B．It                          C．That               D．This

改錯,下列每句所給的選項中，各有一項是錯的，請指出并改正。  

41、He is certain that the secretary will be there.
     A      B   C               D

42、I think that a good idea to get up early.

              A      B       C      D

43、It makes me feel sad that see you.

              A       B    C   D

44、Do you find it very dull live here?

         A     B     C     D

45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.

          A B     C    D

46、There it must have been a mistake.

          A  B  C     D

47、There is going to have an English party at the weekend.

                     A      B                 C  D

48、Is there any one who waiting to see me ?

         A      B          C      D

49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence.

                     A       B     C    D

50、It was a car ready for us.

        A  B         C   D

【答案】：

1、B             2、D             3、B             4、C             5、C             6、D            

7、A             8、D             9、D             10、A           11、A            12、C   

13、B            14、D           15、C           16、D           17、C           18、A

19、B            20、A           21、B            22、C           23、D           24、A

25、D           26、B            27、A           28、B            29、C           30、B

31、B            32、C           33、C           34、A           35、B            36、B

37、C           38、B            39、A           40、A          

41、A  He－it                   42、B  that－it                 43、C  that－to

44、D  live前加to            45、C  to cry－crying       46、B  it 去掉

47、B  have－be        48、C  who后加is 或把who去掉

49、A  have－is               50、A  It －There

十一、交     際 英 語

知識要點：

一、Greeting（問候）

1、Good morning! (afternoon, evening)

2、Hello! (Hi)

3、How do you do?

4、How are you?

5、How are you getting on with your studies?

6、How's everything with you?

7、Did you have a nice holiday? (summer vacation)

二、Introduction（介紹）
A．Introduction:

1、 This is my friend, Tom..

2、Let me introuduce you to my friend, Tom.

3、May I introduce myself? I'm Tom.

4、Please allow me to introduce my friend, Tom.

5、I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.

B．Responses:

1、How do you do? Pleased to meet you. (Glad to meet you. Nice to meet you.)

2、It's my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.

三、Farewells（告別）

A．Farewells:

1、It's getting late. I must be going.

2、It's five o'clock already. I must be off now.

3、Oh, God, it's late, I've got to go.

4、It's time I was going, I'm afraid.

5、I think I must go now.

6、I think I'd better leave.

7、I'm glad to have met you.

B．Responses:

1、Come again whenever you are free.

2、If you pass my home, drop in.

3、Good night, have a nice dream.

4、Can't you stay a little longer?

5、I hope we'll meet again sometime.

A．Asking the way:

1、Can you tell me the way to the post office?

2、Is this the way to the post office?

3、Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?

4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?

5、Is the post office far from here?

6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?

7、Excuse me, is there a post office near here?

8、Excuse me, does this bus go to the post office?

B．Responses:

1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.

2、No, it's not far from here. It's only about ten minutes' walk.

3、It's about 200 yards down the street.

4、Take Bus No. 3 and it will take you right there.

5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left.

五、Asking for Time and Date（詢問時間與日期）

A．Asking:

1、What time is it now?

2、What's the time by your watch?

3、What day is it today?

4、What is the date today?

5、Is your watch correct?

B．Responses:

1、It's ten.

2、It's Wednesday.

3、It's October, 8th.

語

從

句

hardly…when

no sooner…than

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

我剛一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

我們剛到車站，火車就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

我們剛開始就被叫停。

hardly…when和no sooner…than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as,但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時，從句為過去時，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強，而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。

every time, by the time, the moment

等

Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.

我每次乘船都暈船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.

我一聽到這首歌，就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you’ll see him.

下次你來的時候，就會見到他。

在時間狀語從句中，不能用將來時或過去將來時，而要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替將來時。

地

點

狀

語

從

句

where

wherever

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

Where there is water there is life.

哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.

無論你去哪都要遵守法律。

where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語。

原

因

狀

because

I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.

昨天我回來晚了，因為我值班。

because用來回答why 的問題，語氣最強一般放在主句之后

語

從

句

since

Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我們開始開會。

since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首

種類

從屬連句

例           句

說     明

原

因

as

As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

由于他英語懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個單詞。

從句常放在句首，說明原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。

狀

語

從

句

now that, seeing that

Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.

鑒于天氣已經(jīng)晴朗，我們可以啟程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.

鑒于他病情嚴(yán)重，我們派人去請醫(yī)生去了。

seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思，that可以省去。

目

的

狀

語

從

句

that

so that

in order that

lest = for fear that

I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.

我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。

We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.

我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己作出判斷。

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .

他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能提前完成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.

多穿點衣服，以免患感冒。

目的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在動詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標(biāo)點符號

結(jié)

果

狀

so that 

so…that

We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.

我們把收音機的音量放大，大家都聽到了新聞。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

他十分激動，以致一句話都說不出來。

so that前有逗號為結(jié)果狀語從句。

so…that的so后面跟形容詞或副詞。

語

從

句

such…that

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他說出了這么重要的理由，得到大家的諒解。

It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

這是一本十分有意思的書，大家都想看。

such…that的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a /an…that還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用so…that，語氣較強

種類

從屬連句

例            句

說    明

條

件

狀

語

 從

 句

if

unless

as/so long as

in case

so far as

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.

如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。

We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

除非下雨，我們明天就去那里。

= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.

只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。

In case I forget, please remind me about it .

萬一我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆?/b>

So far as I know, the book will be published next month.

據(jù)我所知，那本書下月出版。

unless從句的謂語只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同義，unless是書面語，if…not是口語，通常二者可以換用。

條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時。

 方

 式

 狀

 語

 從

 句

as

as if…

as though

Draw a cat as I taught you .

按照我教你的畫一只貓。

Do as you are told.

按照人家告訴你做的去做。

She looks as if she is ill.

看上去她好象是生病了。

He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.

他的行動就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生。

They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.

他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。

此處as譯為，按照或正如

as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣。從句中可以用現(xiàn)在時表示可能符合事實，也可以用虛擬語氣。

 讓

 步

 狀  

 語

though

although

Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)    he began to learn French.

雖然他六十多歲了，但仍開始學(xué)習(xí)法語 。

We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.

雖然我們干了一天活，但并不累。

在句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語化，后者正式多放主句的前面。

 從

 句

even if

even though

I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.

即使明天下雨，我也要去。

even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書面語中。

種類

從屬連詞

例            句

說    明

 讓

 步

as

Child as he is , he knows a lot .

雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。

Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.

雖然天氣冷，但孩子們?nèi)栽趹敉馔妗?/b>

as引出的狀語從句多用于書面語，它比用

though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語氣強，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語序部分倒裝。

 狀

 語

 從

no matter (who, what when, where which, how…)

Do it no matter what others say.

不管別人怎么說,盡管干。

No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.

不管他多忙，他都每天堅持學(xué)習(xí)英語。

No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.

不管誰為我處理這件事，我都將非常感激。

no matter……與 who-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句意義基本一 樣，no matter……引導(dǎo)的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

 句

wh－ever         (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)

Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.

無論發(fā)生什么，我們都不要失去信心。

Whoever comes, he will be welcome.

無論誰來，都會受到歡迎。

wh－ever從句中的動詞有時可以和may連用。判斷wh－ever引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句還是名詞性從句的一點是，名詞性從句，主句中一定有一個成分要在從句擔(dān)任，一般從句與主句之間沒有逗號。

不可將no matter與wh―ever連用

 比

 較

 狀

 語

as…as

not so/as

   …as

the same

   …as

such…as

Mary is as old as my sister.

瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。

He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).

他不如杰克跑得那樣快。

His book is the same as mine.

他的書和我的一樣。

Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .

享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。

連詞表示同程度級的比較，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as

 從

 句

than

She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.

她今年比去年進(jìn)步更大。

He bought fewer books than I (did).

他買的書比我買的少。

表示不同程度之比較，主句中用比較級的形容詞或副詞。

種類

從屬連句

例           句

說     明

比

較

狀

語

從

句

the more

 …the more

The more you read, the better you understand.

你看的書越多，你懂得的就越多。

The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.

你賣的票越多，你的收入也越多。

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。

The sooner, the better.

越快越好。

The warmer, the better.

越暖和越好。

the more…the more 意思為越…越…，通常的語序為從句在前主句在后，這兩個the都是表示程度的副詞，用在比較級的形容詞或副詞前面。

句子意思明顯，句子的主語和動詞都可省略。

特

殊

形

式

的

狀

語

從

句

that

We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .

我們相信四化一定會在中國實現(xiàn)。

I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.

很抱歉，我沒有抽出時間早點給你寫信。

I am afraid that I can’t go with you.

恐怕我不能同你一起去了。

that 引導(dǎo)的從句，往往跟在一個做表語的形容詞后面，從句概念上看是賓語，所以有的語法家把它看做是賓語從句，但結(jié)構(gòu)上看，也可以把它看作是一個特殊的狀語從句，用來修飾表語的形容詞。這種從句的連詞常常被省略。

【專項訓(xùn)練】：

Ⅰ、選擇填空：

1、You like sports     I’d like to read.

       A．when              B．while              C．but                 D．yet

2、        we were singing, the teacher came in.

       A．Before            B．a(chǎn)fter               C．As                  D．Until

 3、I was about to leave my house       the phone rang.

       A．while              B． when            C．a(chǎn)s                   D．a(chǎn)fter

4、They did not stop fighting        there was no enemy left.

       A．until               B．a(chǎn)fter               C．when              D．since

5、I have not seen him      he went to college.

       A．when             B．before             C．a(chǎn)s                   D．since

 6、It is five days        we came here.

       A．when              B．before             C．a(chǎn)s                   D．since

 7、It was not long       he got to know it.

       A．when              B．before             C．a(chǎn)fter               D．until

 8、We shall go      we are free.

       A．whenever        B．whatever        C．wherever        D．however

9、        I live I must serve the people heart and soul.

       A．When             B．So long as       C．As soon as      D．On condition

10、I was reading a novel       he was watchingTV.

       A．when              B．while              C．before            D．a(chǎn)s

11、Put the medicine      you can easily get it.

       A．so that           B．where             C．which             D．there

12、We will go      the Party wants us to go.

       A．wherever        B．there              C．to the place    D．which

13、         there is a will there is a way.

       A．When             B．Where            C．Whether         D．How  

14、I am going       you went last week.

       A．where             B．wherever        C．when              D．the place

15、        you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.

       A．Where            B．Wherever       C．Whatever              D．However

16、        weather permits, we’ll have an outing.

       A．For                B．Though          C．While             D．If

17、You won’t succeed      harder.

       A．unless you will work     B．unless you work   C．unless you don’t work  D．if you won’t work

18、I wonder if he         us, and I think if he      us we’ll be able to complete the task ahead of time.

       A．helps, helps           B．will help, helps    C．helps, will help     D．will help, will help

19、I don’t like to be interrupted if I          .

       A．speak                 B．will speak       C．a(chǎn)m speaking          D．spoke

 20、If you      this experiment you will understand the theory better.

       A．will be doing         B．have done       C．will have done              D． would do

21、I would like to do it         I like it.

       A．since        B．because                  C．because of             D．now that

 22、         everybody is here, Let’s set off.

       A．Since              B．Because                 C．For                        D．After

 23、It was          he was ill that he was absent yesterday.

       A．because          B．a(chǎn)s                          C．since               D．now that

 24、        it is raining, we had better take a taxi.

       A．For                 B．As                         C．Because of            D．When

 25、“Why can’t you do it now?”“        I’m too busy.”

       A．Since              B．As                         C．Because                 D．For

26、He must have passed this way,       here are his footprints.

       A．since        B．because of             C．now that               D．for

 27、          everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting.

       A．Now that        B．Because                 C．For                        D．When

28、His speech made          deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.

       A．such a            B．so a                       C．so                          D．such

29、They worked hard      they finished their work ahead of time.

       A．so                   B．so that                   C．such that               D．so as to

30、He was       weak        he couldn’t stand up.

       A．such, that              B．so, that                  C．very, that                     D．so, as to

31、The foreigner spoke         his interpreter could hardly catch his words.

       A．such fast that B．so fast           C．so fast that            D．so fastly that

32、The book is          it gives a wrong idea of the facts.

    A．so writing that      B．such written that          C．such writing that        D．so written that

33、The house cost      we didn’t buy it.

       A．so much money that            B．so many money that

       C．such much money that        D．such many money that

34、It is        all of us can do it.

       A．so easy exercise that      B．such easy an exercise

       C．such easy exercise         D．so easy an exercise that

35、She has        she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.

       A．so good memory that      B．such a good memory that

       C．such good memory that         D．good memory

36、They stopped at Tianjing       they might visit the TV tower.

       A．so                  B．because                  C．so that            D．in order

37、We all got up early       we might start at six.

       A．in order that B．in order to             C．so                  D．so as to

38、Let the dog loose so that it        have a run.

       A．should           B．must               C．could              D．need

39、         clearly so that your teacher      you correctly.

       A．Write, can understand                       B．Having written, can understand

       C．To write, could understand                D．Writing, will understand

40、He started early so that he       there in time.

       A．could get               B．got                 C．had got          D．would have got

41、       it was late , she went on working.

       A．Though                 B．Because          C．Since              D．Whether

42、       we fail , we        trying.

       A．Even if , don’t stop                                   B．Even though, won’t stop

       C．Even, will not stop                             D．Even although, shall never stop

43、       the pain was bad,       he did not complain.

       A．Although, but              B．Though, but   C．Though, yet           D．Even, still      

44、      physics, he likes maths better.

       A．As he much likes   B．Much as he likes   C．Much likes as he      D．Likes much as he

45、        telephones, tell him I’m out.

       A．No matter whoever                     B．Who        C．Whoever        D．Anyone

46、We’ll carry the reform to the end         happens.

       A．no matter how              B．whatever        C．a(chǎn)nything                      D．no matter which

47、It takes       time to go there by plane than by ship.

       A．far fewer               B．far less            C．much fewer           D．more less

48、He is taller than      in his class.

       A．others                    B．a(chǎn)ll the students     C．a(chǎn)ny other one       D．the other

49、       it was finished in time.

       A．As the work was difficult            B．Difficult as the work was

       C．Difficult as was the work            D．As was the work difficult

50、I am sorry         I have caused so much trouble.

       A．that                             B．for                  C．a(chǎn)s                          D．since

 51、       he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.

       A．Every times          B．one time         C．Every time            D．Once a time

 52、I’ll tell him about it      I see him.

       A．a(chǎn)s soon as              B．so soon as            C．while    D．a(chǎn)s

 53、I had hardly sat down      the telephone rang

       A．than                     B．when              C．a(chǎn)s                         D．a(chǎn)fter

 54、Sit      you like.

       A．where                    B．a(chǎn)t the place     C．a(chǎn)s                         D．wherever

 55、       he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.

       A．Since                    B．As                  C．For                        D．Because of

 56、All plants need air     they need water.

       A．like                       B．a(chǎn)s if               C．a(chǎn)s                         D．so

 57、Work hard      you can succeed.

       A．in order to            B．so that            C．for fear that          D．in case

       58、If you       I will go with you.

       A．go to                     B．went              C．will                       D．should go

 59、The hard he works,       he will make.

       A．the greater            B．the greater progress    C．a(chǎn)nd the more        D．more

 60、      we have thought it over , we’ll take       steps.

       A．Till, not         B．When , no             C．Until, any                    D．Until, no            

     Ⅱ、改錯

1、It won’t matter even he refuses.

2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people had        heard of it .

3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that        everything was in a mess.

4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it .

5、No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.

6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.

7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, I’m going to take a plane.

8、I’m not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting.

9、Much since I like all the books, I can’t afford to buy them.

10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop.

11、It has been two and a half months ago since he left.

12、Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.

13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class.

14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday. He ought to have arrived, I think..

15、They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions.

16、He goes fishing wherever he has time, which is not often.

17、I don’t know when he comes tomorrow . If he comes , let me know at once.

18、When you read a book, you’d better make a mark that you have any questions.

19、Ships are much more slower than planes that few people take them on business.

20、She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.

【答案】：

Ⅰ、1、 B            2、C             3、B             4、A             5、D             6、D             7、B      8、A             9、B             10、B            11、B            12、A      13、B             14、A           15、B     16、D           17、B            18、B      19、C           20、B            21、B            22、A           23、A    24、B     25、C           26、D           27、A           28、A         29、B            30、B            31、C    32、D    33、A           34、D           35、B            36、C           37、A           38、C    39、A    40、A           41、A           42、B            43、C           44、B            45、C       46、B      47、B       48、C           49、B            50、A           51、C           52、A       53、B             54、D    55、B            56、C           57、B            58、C           59、B        60、D

Ⅱ、1、even后加if                         2、when―while                 3、minute―moment  

       4、whenever―wherever            5、if ―whether                 6、when ―since

       7、that去掉或改為when         8、though―because           9、since―as

       10、then―when                        11、ago去掉               12、but去掉             

       13、any 后加other                  14、Ö                                 15、order 后加that          16、wherever―whenever

       17、第一個comes―will come （賓從時態(tài)不限）                    18、that―where        

       19、more去掉                          20、such―so

十、“It”的用法和“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)

知識要點：

一、代詞it

用   法

例              句

代替前文提到過的東西或事情，用作人稱代詞。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.

這是一本新詞典，我昨天買的。

Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?

湯姆上月入伍了，你知道這事嗎？

代替指示代詞，起著this或that的作用

Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 這是你的汽車嗎？不是。

What’s that?―It’s a video. 那是什么？它是一臺錄像機。

Whose room is this?―It is theirs.這是誰的房間，是他們的。

指明某人或某物的身分，還可指不明性別的嬰兒

Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 誰在那兒？是我。（是約翰）

Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill.

去看看是誰來的電話，是比爾。

The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely.

格林家有一個新生嬰兒。它很可愛。

指時間，距離，自然現(xiàn)象（天氣，氣候，明暗）量度，價值等

It’s Sunday today.  今天是星期天。

It’s three months since he came here.

自從他來到這里，已經(jīng)三個月了。

How far is it to the Great Wall .到長城有多遠(yuǎn)？

It’s getting dark.  天快黑了。

―How much is the coat?  ―It’s ninety dollars.

這件衣服多少錢？九十美元。

二、引導(dǎo)詞it

用  法

例                  句

形

代替不定式短語

It is up to you to decide.  這事要由你決定。

It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.

聽說你恢復(fù)了健康，這使我很高興。

式

主

代替動名詞短語

It’s no good smoking.   吸煙沒有好處。

It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.

用整夜的時間來研究那個問題是值得的。

語

代替主語從句

It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都沒有關(guān)系。

It seems that everyone has known the news.

好象大家都知道這個消息。

形式

代替不定式短語

I consider it better to be early.

我認(rèn)為能夠早一些更好。

We found it impossible to get there before July .

我們覺得，要在七月以前到達(dá)那里是不可能的。

賓語

代替動名詞短語

We thought it no use doing that.

我們認(rèn)為做那事沒有用。

代替賓語從句

The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .

老師清楚地指出，每個人都應(yīng)該按時交作業(yè)。

強調(diào)句型：It is (was) +被強調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 其它

強調(diào)

部分

例          句

說     明

主

語

It is I who am to blame. 是我該受責(zé)怪。

It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.

昨天來的是你叔叔。

原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來時態(tài)用It is …that(who)如果原句謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)，則用It was…that(who)。在

賓

語

It was a new pen that Mother gave me .

母親給我的是一支新鋼筆。

強調(diào)時間，地點，原因或方式時不要用when, where, how, 必須用that。

地點

It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.

我把雨傘就落在了教室里。

狀

時間

It is at eleven that the train leaves.

火車是在十一點鐘離開。

方式

It was just as he ordered that I acted.

我正是照他吩咐的那樣做的。

語

原因

It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.

正是因為他處境困難我才盡力幫助他。

賓

補

 It was red that we painted the gate.

我們把門油漆成紅的顏色。

It was chairman that they elected him .

他們選他擔(dān)任的是主席的職務(wù)。

there be結(jié)構(gòu)