2. 幾對(duì)并列連詞如not only…but also, hardly… when等連接兩個(gè)并列句, 連詞在句首, 前句半倒裝, 后句不倒裝:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.(注意時(shí)態(tài))
注意:
①not only…but also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)不需倒裝, 如:
Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首時(shí), 前后兩句都需倒裝,
Neither do I have a sister nor does my
husband.
3、only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ), 主句半倒裝:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)不倒裝:
Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首時(shí), 主句倒裝, that從句不倒裝:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.
So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
1、倒裝句（Inversion）
英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序稱(chēng)為“倒裝”。
一、倒裝的類(lèi)型
類(lèi)型
例 句
說(shuō) 明
完 全
倒 裝
Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.
學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國(guó)朋友。
整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主語(yǔ)之前。
部 分
倒 裝
Seldom does he go to school late.
他上學(xué)很少遲到。
只把系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。
1、由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝
情 況
例 句
說(shuō) 明
第二輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)(含答案%2093頁(yè)).files/image004.gif)
＋do，主語(yǔ)＋should（could…）＋ 原形 do
過(guò)去時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)條件句一樣）。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意問(wèn)題：
1、If條件句中絕對(duì)不可出現(xiàn)“would”。
2、根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were, had, should可省去if，將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
在表示命令、建議要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本句型：主語(yǔ)＋（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主語(yǔ)從句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表語(yǔ)從句）
注意：在這種句子中絕不出現(xiàn)“would”“must”“could”等。
1、wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)；I wish I were you.
與過(guò)去愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
與未來(lái)愿望不一致 主語(yǔ)＋would（could）＋原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It’s time句型：當(dāng)It’s time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為：主語(yǔ)＋should＋原形 或 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，例如：
It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How I wish＋賓語(yǔ)從句”
If only he could come! 他要能來(lái)就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)，如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著含蓄條件。
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t
have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we
wouldn’t have done the work so well.
注： without /
but for … = If it weren’t not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.
A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master
2、It is strange that she without saying a word.
A．should have gone out B．went
C．should go out D．goes out
3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.
A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent
C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent
4、 ――“He is a brave man.”
――“Yes, I wish I his courage.”
A．have B．had C．will have D．may have
5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.
A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to
6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.
A．was sent B．would be sent
C．should send D．be sent
7、If you the medicine, you better now.
A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt
C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.
A．is B．was C．were D．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.
A．didn’t do B．hadn’t do C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather he tomorrow afternoon.
A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
答案：
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A
6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D
五、倒裝句
英語(yǔ)的基本句型是主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)。如果將主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)調(diào)換, 稱(chēng)倒裝句。倒裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句。
情況:
1、當(dāng)here, there, out, in, up, down等副詞放在句首時(shí), 句子需全倒裝:
There goes the bell! 鈴響了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.
注意:
①在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞, 像go, come, mush等。
②主語(yǔ)如果是代詞時(shí)不需倒裝如Away he went. 他走遠(yuǎn)了。
2、方位狀語(yǔ)在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引語(yǔ)在句首, 這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
Never shall I forget you.
At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
21、The glass works in 1959.
A．were set up B．was set up C．were put up D．were built
22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.
A．seem B．seems C．is seeming D．has seemed
23、It was reported that six including a boy.
A．was killed B．were killed C．was killing D．had killed
24、The police a prisoner.
A．is searching for B．a(chǎn)re searching forC．is searching D．a(chǎn)re searched for
25、Deer faster than dogs.
A．run B．runs C．a(chǎn)re running D．will run
26、The wounded good care of here now.
A．is taken B．a(chǎn)re being taken C．a(chǎn)re taking D．is taking
27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.
A．was B．were C．had D．is
28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.
A．was B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．will be
29、There a knife and fork on the table.
A．seems to be B．seem to be C．is seeming to be D．a(chǎn)re
30、Those who singing may join us.
A．a(chǎn)re liking B．likes C．enjoy D．is fond of
31、His family music lovers.
A．a(chǎn)ll are B．a(chǎn)re all C．is D．a(chǎn)re being
32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.
A．was B．is C．were D．had been
33、The pair of shoes worn out.
A．was B．were C．have been D．had been
34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.
A．have B．has C．had D．a(chǎn)re having
35、More than one answer to the question.
A．have been given B．has been given C．were given D．had given
36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．were D．was
37、Our family a happy one.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were
38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.
A．were made B．a(chǎn)re made C．has been made D．were making
39、Most of his time in reading novels.
A．a(chǎn)re spent B．is spent C．were spent D．was spending
40、The rest of the novel very interesting.
A．were B．a(chǎn)re C．is D．seem
41、I know that all getting on well with her.
A．was B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．were
42、When and where this took place still unknown.
A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．is D．has
43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.
A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．is D．has
44、Very few his address in the town.
A．knows B．know C．a(chǎn)re knowing D．has known
45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.
A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．were D．seem
46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.
A．were B．a(chǎn)re C．is D．seem to be
47、Nine plus three twelve.
A．makes B．make C．is making D．a(chǎn)re making
48、There are two roads and either to the station.
A．leads B．lead C．a(chǎn)re leading D．is leading
49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.
A．have been B．has been C．had been D．will be
50、My family as well as I glad to see you.
A．a(chǎn)m B．a(chǎn)re C．is D．was
【答案】：
1、A 因有連詞but，所以謂語(yǔ)形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解4。
2、B 同上 3、B 見(jiàn)講解2。 4、C 見(jiàn)講解16。
5、C 定語(yǔ)從句看被修飾的先行詞：the number of作主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。見(jiàn)講解9，19。
6、A 見(jiàn)講解1。 7、C 見(jiàn)講解2。 8、B 倒裝句，要看后面的主語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)講解3。
9、B some person指“某人”是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解13。
10、B 主語(yǔ)“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可數(shù)名詞，是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解13。
11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前沒(méi)有冠詞，所以實(shí)際指的是同一個(gè)人。 見(jiàn)講解5。
12、B 根據(jù)前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)。
13、A neither…nor…連接主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。見(jiàn)講解15。
14、A 見(jiàn)講解6。 15、A 見(jiàn)講解4。 16、A 見(jiàn)講解1，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 17、B 倒裝，見(jiàn)講解3。 18、A 見(jiàn)講解9。 19、C 見(jiàn)講解11。
20、C 因謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，所主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是復(fù)，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。
21、B works在此句中是指工廠(chǎng)，所以是單數(shù)。 22、B 見(jiàn)講解10。
23、B six在這兒指的是人，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 24、B 見(jiàn)講解17。
25、A deer, sheep是單、復(fù)數(shù)同形，根據(jù)后面的dogs，前面的deer應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)（單 數(shù)前應(yīng)有a）。 26、B 見(jiàn)講解14。 27、B 見(jiàn)講解12，因人才能受感動(dòng)，所以the whole class是指全班的成員。 28、C 見(jiàn)講解18。 29、A 見(jiàn)講解5。刀、叉是一副而論，所以看作單數(shù)。 30、C 見(jiàn)講解9。 31、B 見(jiàn)講解12。 32、C 見(jiàn)講解4，注意與第11題比較。
33、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是pair，所以用單數(shù)。
34、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是the students，所以用復(fù)數(shù)。如果each作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.
35、B 此句中的主語(yǔ)是one answer，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它保持一致。
36、B 根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)男孩是學(xué)校中唯一來(lái)自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生，自然后面的定語(yǔ)從句 的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，又因主從句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故B 是唯一正確答案。
37、A 見(jiàn)講解12。 38、A 見(jiàn)講解2。39、B 見(jiàn)講解16。
40、C 這部小說(shuō)的剩余部分，還沒(méi)超出“一”，用單數(shù)。
41、C 見(jiàn)講解13，不定代詞all在此句中代“與她相處的人”，所以是復(fù)數(shù)。
42、C 見(jiàn)講解1，when and where this took place是一個(gè)從句。
43、C 見(jiàn)講解15。 44、B few在此代人，是復(fù)數(shù)。 45、B 見(jiàn)講解10。
46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 見(jiàn)講解7。 49、B 見(jiàn)講解4。 50、B 同上。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握：
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)＋should（could, would, 或might）＋動(dòng)詞原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
19、The United Nations in 1945.
A．were found B．were founded C．was founded D．was found
20、 were also invited to the party.
A．Mr Smith B．The Smith C．The Smiths D．Smiths
2、普通名詞
1）不可數(shù)名詞第二輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)(含答案%2093頁(yè)).files/image002.gif)
注意：不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。
如：have a wonderful time.
‚不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。
ƒ不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞在表不同類(lèi)別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows……
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各種各樣的魚(yú) 各種報(bào)紙 河湖、海水 積雪
„有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時(shí)代，works著作，difficulties困難
…在表數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“of”詞組來(lái)表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….
2）可數(shù)名詞：
可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類(lèi)之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly.
The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.
Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.
‚有復(fù)數(shù)形式：
a）規(guī)則變化――加“s”或“es”（與初中同，略）
b）不規(guī)則變化――child
(children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),
woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),
phenomenon(phenomena)…
注意：c）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一種魚(yú)）……。如，a sheep, two sheep
d）只用復(fù)數(shù)形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形復(fù)實(shí)單：physics,
politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.
f）形單實(shí)復(fù)：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle等
g）集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí)，為單數(shù)；當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.
h）復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。
(b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人
(c）woman, man作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a man servant―men servants, a woman doctor―women doctors
二、名詞的所有格：
1、表有生命的東西（人或動(dòng)物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…
注意：1）名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home（工人療養(yǎng)院），the students’ reading-room
2）復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的書(shū)）
3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s”； 如果不是共有，則每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的 收音機(jī)（不共有）
4）表地點(diǎn)（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)
5）有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞，也可加“’s”表所有格。
如：half an hour’s walk (半小時(shí)的路程) China’s agriculture (中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))
2、表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長(zhǎng)，有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：
the story of Dr Norman Bethune
Do you know the name of the boy standing
at the gate?
4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：
在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）時(shí)，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 愛(ài)迪生的一些發(fā)明
those exercise-books of the students’ 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。
【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：
1、There are only twelve in the hospital.
A．woman doctors B．women doctors
C．women doctor D．woman doctor
2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
3、――How many does a cow have?
――Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach C．stomachs D．stomachies
4、Some visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens
5、The of the building are covered with lots of .
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs
6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies
7、That was a fifty engine.
A．horse power B．horses power
C．horse powers D．horses powers
8、My father often gives me .
A．many advice B．much advice C．a(chǎn) lot of advices D．a(chǎn) few advice
9、Mary broke a while she was washing up.
A．tea cup B．a(chǎn) cup of tea C．tea’s cup D．cup tea
10、Can you give us some about the writer?
A．informations B．information
C．piece of informations D．pieces information
11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning.
A．teas; bread B．teas; breads
C．tea; breads D．tea; bread
12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than .
A．lights; sounds B．light; sound
C．sound; light D．sounds; lights
13、She told him of all her and .
A．hope; fear B．hopes; fear
C．hopes; fears D．hope; fears
14、The rising did a lot of to the crops.
A．water; harm B．water; harms
C．waters; harm D．waters; harms
15、――How far away is it from here to your school?
――It’s about .
A．half an hour’s drive B．half hours drives
C．half an hour drives D．half an hour drive
16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s .
A．Mrs Smith B．Mrs’ Smith
C．Mrs Smiths’ D．Mrs Smith’s
17、Miss Johnson is a friend of .
A．Mary’s mother B．Mary’s mothers’
C．Mary mother’s D．Mary’s mother’s
18、Last week I called at my .
A．a(chǎn)unt B．a(chǎn)unts C．a(chǎn)unt’s D．a(chǎn)untes’
19、The beach is a throw.
A．stone B．stones C．stones’ D．stone’s
20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A．Peter’ B．Peter C．Peters D．Peters’
【答案】：
1、B 2、A
3、C stomach（胃）雖是“ch”結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。
4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接加“s”。
6、C 7、A 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般不用復(fù)數(shù)。
8、B
9、A 根據(jù)句意，打破的應(yīng)是杯子，而不是茶；名詞作定語(yǔ)表類(lèi)別不用加“’s”。
10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A
16、D 根據(jù)上句，此處應(yīng)是史密斯太太的襯衫。
17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“近在咫尺”。
20、B 此句中Peter作動(dòng)名詞sailing的所有格，本應(yīng)用Peter’s，但因其在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，所以可用賓格，因此B為正確答案。
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：
在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）The book is on the table.
2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard
is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）
4）How you get there is a problem.
2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：Children like to play toys.
3、在倒裝句中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開(kāi)頭，be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如：
1）There is a dog near the door.
2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes
the bus.
4）On the wall were two famous paintings.
5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.
4、and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory.
3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。
3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, every, no, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。
2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒(méi)有老師和學(xué)生缺席。
3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）Each takes a
cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done. 沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。
9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）Three years is not a long time.
2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.
11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體看待（如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等），動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。
3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜譚》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience（聽(tīng)眾，觀(guān)眾），government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。
2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜歡音樂(lè)。
3）The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。
4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來(lái)。
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。
2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。
3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
14、the + 形容詞（或分詞）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常指一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧。
15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies.
2）Not only you but also he is wrong.
16、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
1）The police are
searching for him.
2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。
18、population當(dāng)人口講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)人們講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，是表示“…的數(shù)字”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；a (large / great) number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示許多，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1、Nothing but cars in the shop.
A．is sold B．a(chǎn)re sold C．were sold D．a(chǎn)re going to sell
2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.
A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．a(chǎn)re known
3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．comes D．a(chǎn)re coming
4、 of the money used up.
A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been
C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is
5、The number of the people who cars increasing.
A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are
6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.
A．was B．were C．would be D．a(chǎn)re
7、The sheets for your bed washing.
A．needs B．a(chǎn)re needing C．want D．a(chǎn)re wanting
8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.
A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．a(chǎn)re grown
9、Some person calling for you at the gate.
A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．is being D．will be
10、All that can be eaten eaten up.
A．a(chǎn)re being B．has been C．had been D．have been
11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.
A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．a(chǎn)re being D．has
12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.
A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for
13、Neither he nor I for the plan.
A．a(chǎn)m B．a(chǎn)re C．is D．were
14、Many a student that mistake before.
A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made
15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．were D．seems
16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．has D．have
17、Between the two buildings a monument.
A．stand B．stands C．standing D．is standing
18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.
A．a(chǎn)m B．is C．a(chǎn)re D．was
17、Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.
A．× B．a(chǎn) C．the D．one
18、――Where’s Jack?
――I think he’s still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom.
A．×;× B．the; the C．the; × D．×; the
19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.
A．the; the B．×;× C．the; × D．×; the
20、――I’d like information about the management of your hotel, please.
――Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A．some; a B．a(chǎn)n; some C．some; some D．a(chǎn)n; a
【答案】：
1、B air是不可數(shù)名詞。
2、D 此題為97年高考題。根據(jù)句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出現(xiàn)；第二空仍是泛指，且表數(shù)量“－”。
3、D 元音前用an。
4、B weather是不可數(shù)名詞。
5、A 此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A go to school是固定短語(yǔ)。
7、B 山脈、形容詞最高級(jí)及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠詞；第二空特指，有定語(yǔ)。
10、C
11、A 第一空，a + 不可數(shù)名詞表具體的介紹；第二空，trade不可數(shù)。
12、D 第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時(shí)候來(lái)訪(fǎng)。（括號(hào)里說(shuō)明，我們倆都不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短語(yǔ)，情緒不好。
13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃飯，固定短語(yǔ)。
14、A 泛指
15、C 此題是89年高考題：樂(lè)器前加定冠詞；music是不可數(shù)名詞。
16、A 此題是90年高考題：stars前應(yīng)加定冠詞；space不可數(shù)。
17、C 此題是91年高考題：發(fā)明應(yīng)是特指。
18、D 此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語(yǔ)，不加冠詞。
19、C 此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語(yǔ)，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共場(chǎng)所，泛指。
20、A 此題是95年高考題。information是不可數(shù)名詞；have a word with sb.是固定短語(yǔ)。
二、名詞Nouns
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：
1、專(zhuān)有名詞：
1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠詞）
2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞，要加定冠詞。）
26．(1)三只(2)分別向1、2、3號(hào)試管中注入1mL鹽酸溶液，1mL NaOH溶液，1mL清水 (3)
25．(1)使兩者混合時(shí)溫度一致，即酶催化反應(yīng)溫度維持恒定；(2)凝乳時(shí)間會(huì)延長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)榛旌媳剡_(dá)到指定溫度需一定時(shí)間；(3)說(shuō)明在一定范圍內(nèi)(
24．（1）受反應(yīng)液中的酶濃度的限制（寫(xiě)酶不足也給分）（2）酶反應(yīng)的最適溫度（3）溫度升高使酶活性下降（4）速度加快 無(wú)催化反應(yīng)（5）C
23．（1）A B （2）唾液中含唾液淀粉酶 C （3）B
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