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云南省2009屆高三第二次統(tǒng)測(cè)

數(shù)學(xué)（理）

 

本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分�？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

 

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題，共60分）

 

注意事項(xiàng)：

    1．答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫(xiě)清楚，并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及科目，在規(guī)定的位置貼好條形碼。

2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。

參考公式：

如果事件A、B互斥，那么              球的表面積公式

P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                       6ec8aac122bd4f6e

如果事件A、B相互獨(dú)立，那么

P(A?B)=P(A)?P(B)                   其中R表示球的半徑

如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是    球的體積公式

P，那么n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中事件A恰        6ec8aac122bd4f6e

好發(fā)生k次的概率                       其中R表示球的半徑

    6ec8aac122bd4f6e

 

本卷共12小題，每小題5分，共60分。在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的。

 

試題詳情

云南省2009屆高三第二次統(tǒng)測(cè)

數(shù)學(xué)（文）

 

本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分�？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

 

第Ⅰ卷（選擇題，共60分）

 

注意事項(xiàng)：

    1．答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色碳素筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)在答題卡上填寫(xiě)清楚，并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)及科目，在規(guī)定的位置貼好條形碼。

2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。

參考公式：

如果事件A、B互斥，那么              球的表面積公式

P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)                       6ec8aac122bd4f6e

如果事件A、B相互獨(dú)立，那么

P(A?B)=P(A)?P(B)                   其中R表示球的半徑

如果事件A在一次試驗(yàn)中發(fā)生的概率是    球的體積公式

P，那么n次獨(dú)立重復(fù)試驗(yàn)中事件A恰        6ec8aac122bd4f6e

好發(fā)生k次的概率                       其中R表示球的半徑

    6ec8aac122bd4f6e

本卷共12小題，每小題5分，共60分。在每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的。

試題詳情

1.      Fireworks add to the attraction of the festival night.

2.      "We're having a class," she said, adding that "it was a newly open kindergarten sponsored by the church."

3.      Can you tell us the main point of the story?

4.      "that's the man who did it," she said, pointing to me.

5.      The robber pointed a gun at the bank clerk.

6.      You will tell your friend that you are concerned bout him but you have to go to class.

7.      Present at the meeting were leading members of the departments concerned.

8.      This book deals with questions concerning Anti-Japanese War.

9.      I will take my share of the expenses.,

10.   He is the only person who shares my opinion.

11.   I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

12.   You'll have to work like crazy to get this finished.

13.   There is so much suffering in this world.

14.   The collapse of the World Trade Center has put US economy in a difficult situation.

15.   you will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.

16.   Please keep still while I take photos of you.

17.   Please keep quiet when you're listening to your teacher.

18.   All present were shocked by what the little girl went through when she was cheated and sold to the mountain village.

19.   I would not go to London for the mere purpose of buying a new hat.

20.   It is the first time that she has talked with an English.

21.   ---How come a simple meal like this costs so much?

a)         ---We have included in your bill the cost of the cup you broke just now.

22.   ---Will $200 cover the cost of the damage?

a)         ---I'm afraid not. I need at least 100 more.

23.   Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.

24.   They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.

25.   The officer commanded his men to open fire.

26.   He has good command of the French language.（掌握）

27.   They recognized him as / to be a great leader.

28.   Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

29.   I give Mary full directions to enable her to find the house.（說(shuō)明）

30.   Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

31.   More than one official has served the people heart and soul.

32.   He is more lazy than stupid.

33.   The role that our army played in flood control is very important.

34.   The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money.

35.   She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.

36.   We should think of the problems that may come up in the future.

37.   It came out that he had been stealing from his friends.

38.   She wondered uneasily what use she would make of this opportunity.

39.   You are really very kind. I'll never forget the favour you have done for me.

40.   If better use is made of your spare time, you'll make great progress in it.

41.   Imagine that you live in Qinghai Province.

42.   There are ten to choose from.

43.   She did nothing but  go away. / He has no choice but to lie down and lie down and sleep

44.   We choose him as our monitor.

45.   While shopping, people sometimes can't help being persuaded into buying something they don't really need.

46.   He insisted on his correctness.

47.   Jane insisted that she had done noting wrong and that she should be treated properly.

48.   I insisted that a doctor be sent immediately.

49.   The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even if I told him I lived nearby.

50.   She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she wouldn't change her mind.

51.   Determined to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, "Wanted, an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl."

52.   He finally gave in to my view.

53.   Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice gave her away.

54.   Tom works very hard. His brother, on the contrary, doesn't do much at all.

55.   The climate here doesn't agree with her.

56.   Doctor don't agree about the medical effects of cold water swimming.（醫(yī)生們就冷水浴的醫(yī)療作用持不同態(tài)度）

57.   You are silly not to have locked your car.

58.   They were badly shocked by the news.

59.   The peasant boy lay on his back on the ground with his hands trembing.

60.   He burst into tears at the sad news./ He burst out crying at the sad news.

61.   In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.

62.   He ruined his prospects by carelessness.

63.   I judge it better to tell her the truth.

64.   ---I apologize to you for my rudeness yesterday, Mary.

---Never mind, and I think little of it.

65.   He got here earlier than usual.

66.   The government is determind to put an end to terrorism.

67.   He didn't go there by bike; he walked there, instead.

68.   Instead of seeing sights, Edison would spend the time reading in the public lirary.

69.   It is too long a journey to make in one day.

70.  Her father advised her against marrying in haste.

試題詳情

2009年高考數(shù)學(xué)第二輪執(zhí)點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題測(cè)試：不等式（含詳解）

試題詳情

1.      What he said led us to believe he was right.

2.      Success lies in hard work while laziness can lead to failure.

3.      All the leading newspapers reported the news.

4.      Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

5.      His answer was so confused that I could hardly make sense of.

6.      The mother didn't know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.

7.      Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.

8.      So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an earthquake outbreak.

9.      He bought a computer the day he got his salary.

10.   Not a single mistake did he make.

11.   The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

12.   How do you suggest we（should）go to Beijing for our holidays.

13.   Puzzled by his problem I didn't know how to answer.

14.   You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.

15.   He divided his time between reading and writing. （在…之間平分）

16.   England can be divided into three main areas.

17.   As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends.

18.   Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.

19.   I kept my reference near my desk for convenience.

20.   Under the influence of my friends, I bought a coat, too.

21.   However, these industrial cities do not have historical attractions of other places.

22.   Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl form London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

23.   These tickets are available on the day of issue only.

24.   Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.

25.   Nowadays many farmers want to break away from their lands and make a living in the cities.

26.   In copying this paper, be careful not to leave out any words.

27.   The manager is in charge of the factory; that is to say, the factory is in the charge of him.

28.   There seems to be something wrong with her.

29.   My first impression of him was favorable（討人喜歡的）.

30.   My father impressed value of hard work on me.

31.   You reminded me of your father when you say that.

32.   Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.

33.   The hospital aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.

34.   He lacks confidence.

35.   The trip was cancelled for lack of time.

36.   The book is completely lacking in originality.

37.   Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.

38.   I have been known to faint at the sight of blood.  

39.   Out of sight, out of mind.

40.   He assisted us to establish a new company.

41.   Two students assisted me with the experiment.

42.   They came to our assistance soon after they received our phone.（以上用法同aid）

43.   These pets require a lot of care and attention.

44.   The house requires（needs/ wants）cleaning / to be cleaned.,

45.   All passengers are required to show their tickets.

46.   All of us required of him whether he had heard form Helen recently.（require sth.of sb.）

47.   They are working against time to get people out of the rubble alive.

48.   When his parents died he had to learn to stand on his own feet.

49.   Make sure that no one finds out about this.

50.   We must study English hard, or we are not good at English, are we?（并列句的反意疑問(wèn)句就近一致）

51.   We are good friends though he is ten years senior to me.

52.   Please state your name, age and occupation below.

53.   He occupies himself in collecting stamps.

54.   In case it rains, the picnic will be put off to next week.

55.   I shall stay at home all day in case there is news of my daughter.

56.   Stop talking and concentrate on your work.

57.   I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.

58.   The police had to employ（use）force to break into the building.

59.   He often accuses me of my carelessness.

60.   The door opens and closes of itself.

61.   We say a good reporter must have a "nose" for a story.

62.   It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

→Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

63.   John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized（承認(rèn)功績(jī)等）the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.

64.   Most students have been present at the speech by Mr. Smith but some naughty boys were absent form it.

65.   It's so hot today, but the electric fan isn't working.

66.   His father is electrical engineer.

67.   It so happened that I had no money with me.（碰巧）

→ I happened to have no money with me.

→ As it happens, I had no money with me.

68.   I finally managed to get the car working again.

69.   When did you get knowing him?

70.   The teacher got us to discuss the problems by ourselves.

71.   You will get to understand the importance of learning English soon.

72.   Look! That Mr. Smith gets drunk again.

73.   You'd better get your hair cut. It's too long for a boy student.

試題詳情

2009屆高三化學(xué)各地月考試題匯編：反應(yīng)熱（2）

1．（武漢一中新疆班09高三年級(jí)化學(xué)）（15分）根據(jù)下列事實(shí)完成下列反應(yīng)方程式：

（1）AsH3是一種很強(qiáng)的還原劑，室溫下，它能在空氣中自燃，其氧化產(chǎn)物為As2O3，寫(xiě)出反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式                                           

（2）NaNO3與氫碘酸反應(yīng)，放出NO氣體并有單質(zhì)碘生成                            

（3）白磷在一定條件下可被HClO3的水溶液氧化，生成磷的最高價(jià)態(tài)化合物，而氯元素被還原為最低價(jià)態(tài)    ______________________________________                

（4）砷為氮族元素，其氧化物As2O3俗稱(chēng)砒霜，有劇毒可用馬氏試砷法來(lái)檢驗(yàn)，其原理是：將鋅、鹽酸和食物試樣混合，若含有砒霜，則會(huì)產(chǎn)生砷化氫氣體，這一反應(yīng)的離子方程式是                                                         

（5）在火箭推進(jìn)器中裝有強(qiáng)還原劑肼（N2H4）和強(qiáng)氧化劑H2O2，當(dāng)它們混合時(shí)，即產(chǎn)生大量氮?dú)夂退魵�，并放出大量熱。已�?.4 mol液態(tài)肼和足量液態(tài)H2O2反應(yīng),生成氮?dú)夂退魵?放出256.65 kJ的熱量。寫(xiě)出此反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式：                                        。

答案

（1） 2AsH3+3O2= As2O3+3H2O    （2）2NaNO3+8HI=2NO+3I2+2NaI+4H2O

（3）3P4+10 HClO3 +18H2O=12H3PO4+10HCl   （4）6Zn+As2O3+12H+=6Zn2++2AsH3↑+3H2O

（5）N2H4（l）+2 H2O 2（l）= N2(g) + 4H2O(g); △H= -641.625 kJ.mol-1

2．(重慶北山中學(xué)高2009級(jí)08～09學(xué)年度上期期末) (14分)反應(yīng)A(g)+B(g)C(g) +D(g)過(guò)程中的能量變化如圖所示，回答下列問(wèn)題。

(1)該反應(yīng)是____________________反應(yīng)(填“吸熱”“放熱”)；

(2)當(dāng)反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，升高溫度，A的轉(zhuǎn)化率______(填“增大”“減小”“不變”)，

原因是________________________________________________________________________________；

(3)反應(yīng)體系中加入催化劑對(duì)反應(yīng)熱是否有影響?_______________，原因是_____________________________。

(4)在反應(yīng)體系中加入催化劑，反應(yīng)速率增大，E1和E2的變化是：E1_____，E2______(填“增大”“減小”“不變”)。

答案

．(14分) (1)放熱。

(2)減小；該反應(yīng)正反應(yīng)為放熱反應(yīng)，升高溫度使平衡向逆反應(yīng)方向移動(dòng)。

(3)不影響；催化劑不改變平衡的移動(dòng)。

(4)減小、減小。

3．(重慶北山中學(xué)高2009級(jí)08～09學(xué)年度上期期末)工業(yè)上制備純硅反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式如下： SiCl4(g)＋2H2(g)===Si(s)＋4HCl(g)；△H＝＋QkJ?mol－1(Q＞0)某溫度、壓強(qiáng)下，將一定量的反應(yīng)物通入密閉容器進(jìn)行以上的反應(yīng)(此條件下為可逆反應(yīng))，下列敘述正確的是(  D  )

A．反應(yīng)過(guò)程中，若增大壓強(qiáng)能提高SiCl4的轉(zhuǎn)化率

B．若反應(yīng)開(kāi)始時(shí)SiCl4為1mol，則達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，吸收熱量為QkJ

C．反應(yīng)至4min時(shí)，若HCl的濃度為0.12mol?L－1，則H2的反應(yīng)速率為0.03mol/(L?min)

D．當(dāng)反應(yīng)吸收熱量為0.025QkJ時(shí)，生成的HCl通入100mL1mol?L－1的NaOH恰好反應(yīng)

4．(飛龍中學(xué)2009屆理科復(fù)習(xí)班第四次理科綜合 )（17分）現(xiàn)有A、B、C、D、E、F六種短周期元素，原子序數(shù)依次增大。已知A與D、C與E分別同主族，D、E、F同周期；A、B的最外層電子數(shù)之和與C的最外層電子數(shù)相等，A與C形成的化合物常溫下均為液態(tài)，A分別與E、F形成的氣體分子電子總數(shù)相等。

請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題：

(1)元素B在周期表中的位置是_____________________，元素D的原子結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖為_(kāi)________________________。

(2)A、D、E 3種元素形成一種離子化合物，其水溶液呈堿性，試用離子方程式表示該溶液中存在的所有平衡______________________________________

________________________________________________________________。

(3)A2C比A2E沸點(diǎn)高的原因是______________________________________。

(4)在一定條件下，A、C的單質(zhì)和A、C、D形成的離子化合物的水溶液可構(gòu)成電池，該電池正極的電極反應(yīng)式為_(kāi)________________________________，負(fù)極的電極反應(yīng)式為_(kāi)_____________________________；該電池在放電過(guò)程中，電解質(zhì)溶液的pH將___________(填“增大”、“減小”或“不變”)。

(5)化合物B2A4和B2C4的液體曾被用作火箭推進(jìn)劑，燃燒反應(yīng)的生成物是一種氣態(tài)單質(zhì)和一種化合物，它們對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)污染。1 mol B2A4與B2C4完全反應(yīng)生成兩種氣體時(shí)放出熱量516.8 kJ，則該反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式為

_________________________________________________________________。

答案

 

 

5．(綿中高2009級(jí)第五期第三次學(xué)月考試)已知一定溫度和壓強(qiáng)下，合成氨反應(yīng)：N2（g）+3H2(g) 2NH3(g)；△H=-92.0KJ?mol-1

將1mol N2和3mol H2充入一密閉容器中，保持恒溫恒壓，在催化劑存在時(shí)進(jìn)行反應(yīng)，達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，測(cè)得N2的轉(zhuǎn)化率為20%。若在相同條件下，起始時(shí)在該容器中充入2mol NH3，反應(yīng)達(dá)到平衡時(shí)的熱量變化是（　C　）www.ks5u.com

A．吸收18.4KJ熱量         B．放出18.4KJ熱量

C．吸收73.6KJ熱量         D．放出73.6KJ熱量

6．(江寧高級(jí)中學(xué)08~09學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)12月月考三 校 聯(lián) 考 )中學(xué)化學(xué)教材中有大量數(shù)據(jù)，下列為某同學(xué)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的利用情況，其中不正確的是( C )

     A．用反應(yīng)物、產(chǎn)物中鍵能數(shù)據(jù)可判斷對(duì)應(yīng)反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)熱

     B．用沸點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)推測(cè)將一些液體混合物用分鎦的方法分離開(kāi)來(lái)的可能性

     C．用反應(yīng)熱數(shù)據(jù)的大小判斷不同反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)速率的快慢

D．用鹵素陰離子半徑數(shù)據(jù)推斷其還原性的強(qiáng)弱

7．(河南省鄭州市一中2009屆高三年級(jí)11月期中考 )下列關(guān)于熱化學(xué)反應(yīng)的描述中正確的是(   B )

    A．HCI和NaOH反應(yīng)的中和熱ΔH＝－57．3kJ／mol，則H2SO4和Ca(OH) 2反應(yīng)的中

和熱△H＝2×(－57．3)KJ／mol

    B．CO(g)的燃燒熱是283．0kJ／mol，則2CO2 (g)＝2CO(g)＋O2 (g)反應(yīng)的

       △H＝2×283．0kJ／molw.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

    C．需要加熱才能發(fā)生的反應(yīng)一定是吸熱反應(yīng)

    D．1mol甲烷燃燒生成氣態(tài)水和二氧化碳所放出的熱量是甲烷的燃燒熱

8．(河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三年級(jí)2008―2009學(xué)年上期期中考試)紅磷P(s)和Cl2(g)發(fā)生反應(yīng)生成PCl3(g)和PCl5(g)。反應(yīng)過(guò)程和能量關(guān)系如圖所示(圖中的△H表示生成1mol產(chǎn)物的數(shù)據(jù))。

根據(jù)右圖回答下列問(wèn)題：

(1)原子最外層電子均達(dá)到8電子結(jié)構(gòu)的分子是

               （選填“PCl3”或“PCl5”）。

(2)P和Cl2反應(yīng)生成PCl3的熱化學(xué)方程式

______                                 _。

(3) PCl5分解成PCl3和Cl2的熱化學(xué)方程式__________________            _     。

(4)PCl5與足量水充分反應(yīng)，最終生成兩種酸，其化學(xué)方程式是

________________ ___                                             __。

答案

.（1）PCl3

(2) P(s)＋Cl2(g)=== PCl3(g)；△H＝－306kJ?mol－1   （3分）

(3) PCl5(g)===PCl3(g)＋Cl2(g)；△H＝+93kJ?mol－1    （3分）

（4）PCl5＋4H2O===H3PO4＋5HCl。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

9．(石家莊二中2008―2009學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期中考試)（6分）鈹是一種高效率的火箭燃料，鈹在燃燒時(shí)能釋放出巨大的能量：每千克鈹完全燃燒放出的熱量為627100kJ。

   （1）寫(xiě)出鈹燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式：

 

   （2）寫(xiě)出氧化鈹與鹽酸的反應(yīng)的離子方程式：

10．(石家莊二中2008―2009學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期期中考試)已知反應(yīng)：①101kPa時(shí),2C(s)+O2(g)=2CO(g); △H=－221kJ/mol

②稀溶液中，H+（aq）+OH―（aq）=H2O（1）；△H=－57.3kJ/mol

③紅磷的化學(xué)式為P，白磷的化學(xué)式為P4，已知

P4（s）+5O2（g）=P4O10（s）；△H=－3093.5kJ/mol

4P（s）+5O2（g）=P4O10（s）；△H=－2954.0kJ/mol

下列結(jié)論正確的是                                                                                           （ B   ）

A．由于紅磷轉(zhuǎn)化為白磷是放熱反應(yīng)，等質(zhì)量的紅磷能量比白磷低

B．碳的燃燒熱大于110.5kJ/mol

C．稀硫酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)的中和熱△H=57.3kJ/mol

D．稀醋酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)生成1mol水，放出57.3kJ熱量

11．(自貢市高2009級(jí)高三理科綜合能力測(cè)試“一�！�)第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)已在北京舉行,體操王子李寧凌空點(diǎn)火舉世矚目。2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)“祥云”火炬采用的是環(huán)保型燃料---丙烷（C3H8），悉尼奧運(yùn)會(huì)火炬所用燃料為65%丁烷（C4H10）和35%丙烷，已知丙烷的燃燒熱為：2221.5kJ/mol，下列有關(guān)說(shuō)法正確的是( B )

A.丙烷的沸點(diǎn)比正丁烷高

B.奧運(yùn)火炬燃燒主要是將化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮芎凸饽?/p>

C.丙烷、空氣及鉑片可組成燃料電池，在丙烷附近的鉑極為電池的正極

D.丙烷燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式為：C3H8(g)+5O2(g)→3CO2(g)+4H2O(g)；△H=?2221.5kJ/mol

12. (重慶八中高2009屆級(jí)高三周末檢測(cè) )下列說(shuō)法中正確的是( A )

A．已知：2H2O(l) = 2H2(g) + O2(g)；  

H2O(l) = H2(g) +O2(g)；   則

B．SO2通入硝酸鋇溶液出現(xiàn)白色沉淀，該白色沉淀是BaSO3

C．因?yàn)槌叵掳琢卓勺匀迹獨(dú)忭氃诜烹姇r(shí)才與氧氣反應(yīng)，所以非金屬性：P> N

D．1 mol H2SO4與 1 mol Ba(OH)2反應(yīng)生成 BaSO4沉淀時(shí)放出的熱叫做中和熱

13. (2008~2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三期中聯(lián)考) (8分) (1)．1840年，俄國(guó)化學(xué)家蓋斯（Hess）指出：“一個(gè)化學(xué)反應(yīng)，不論是一步完成，還是分幾步完成，其總的熱效應(yīng)是完全相同的�！边@就是著名的“蓋斯定理”。現(xiàn)已知在101KPa下CH4、H2、C（固）的燃燒熱分別為890.83KJ ?mol-1、285.83 KJ?mol-1和393.51 KJ?mol-1,則反應(yīng)C(s)+2H2(g)=CH4(g)的反應(yīng)熱△H＝     ▲       ，根據(jù)以上信息，你認(rèn)為“蓋斯定理”在我們確定一些化學(xué)反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)熱時(shí)有何重要意義       ▲       。

(2)．氯化銀在水中存在沉淀溶解平衡：

25℃時(shí)，氯化銀的Ksp=1.8×10-10�，F(xiàn)將足量氯化銀分別放入：①100 mL蒸餾水中；②100 mL 0.1mol?L-1鹽酸中；③100 mL 0.1mol?L-1氯化鋁溶液中；④100 mL 0.1mol?L-1氯化鎂溶液中。充分?jǐn)嚢韬螅嗤瑴囟认�，銀離子濃度由大到小的順序是    ▲      (填寫(xiě)序號(hào))。在0.1mol?L-1氯化鋁溶液中，銀離子的濃度最大可達(dá)到    ▲        mol?L-1。

答案

 

（1）-74.34 KJ ?mol-1 

對(duì)于一些很難用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法直接測(cè)定熱量的化學(xué)反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)熱可以用“蓋斯定理”間接測(cè)定

（2）①>②>④>③    6×10-10w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

14．(09屆南陽(yáng)三倉(cāng)高三化學(xué)聯(lián)考)下列敘述中，不正確的是(D )

A．在相同條件下，焓變小于0而熵變大于0的反應(yīng)肯定能自發(fā)進(jìn)行

B．升高溫度會(huì)加快化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率，其原因是增加了活化分子的百分?jǐn)?shù)

C．青石棉的化學(xué)式為Na2Fe5Si8O22(OH)2，用氧化物的形式可表示為：

Na2O?3FeO?Fe2O3?8SiO2?H2O

D．某離子被沉淀完全時(shí)，該離子在溶液中的濃度即為0

15．(09屆南陽(yáng)三倉(cāng)高三化學(xué)聯(lián)考) (14分)⑴北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)“祥云”火炬燃料是丙烷(C3H8)，亞特蘭大奧運(yùn)會(huì)火炬燃料是丙烯(C3H6)。

   ①丙烷脫氫可得丙烯。

      已知：C3H8(g)→CH4(g)＋HC≡CH(g)＋H2(g)  △H1＝156.6 kJ?mol-1

      CH3CH＝CH2(g)→CH4(g)＋HC≡CH(g)  △H2＝32.4 kJ?mol-1 

  則相同條件下，反應(yīng)C3H8(g)→CH3CH＝CH2 (g)+H2(g)的△H＝         kJ?mol-1。

文本框: 能量②以丙烷為燃料制作新型燃料電池，電池的正極通入O2和CO2，負(fù)極通入丙烷，電解質(zhì)是熔融碳酸鹽。電池反應(yīng)總方程式為                      

                                          ；放電時(shí)，CO32－移

向電池的          （填“正”或“負(fù)”）極。

⑵反應(yīng)A(g)+B(g) C(g)+D(g)過(guò)程中的能量變化如圖所示，回答下列問(wèn)題。

 ①該反應(yīng)是_______________反應(yīng)（填“吸熱”“放熱”）；

 ②在反應(yīng)體系中加入催化劑，反應(yīng)速率增大，E1和E2的變化是：E1_________，E2________（填“增大”“減小”“不變”）；

 ③反應(yīng)體系中加入催化劑對(duì)反應(yīng)熱是否有影響？_____________，原因是______________

______________________________________________________________________  ____。

答案

．（14分）⑴   ①124.2（2分）  ②C3H8＋5O2＝3CO2＋4H2O（2分）    負(fù) （2分）  

            ⑵   ①放熱 （2分）    ②減小 （2分）   減小（2分）

                 ③不影響（1分）    催化劑不改變平衡的移動(dòng) （1分）

16．(湖南汝城二中09高三第四次月考 )（6分）火箭推進(jìn)器中盛有強(qiáng)還原劑液態(tài)肼（N2H4）和強(qiáng)氧化劑液態(tài)雙氧水，它們混合反應(yīng)，生成氮?dú)夂退魵�。已知混合物�?摩爾且恰好完全反應(yīng)時(shí)放出256.6kJ的熱量。

（1）該反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式為                                                。

（2）又已知H2O（l）=H2O（g）；ΔH=+44kJ/mol。則16g液態(tài)肼與足量液態(tài)雙氧水反應(yīng)生成液態(tài)水時(shí)放出的熱量是            kJ。

（3）此反應(yīng)除釋放大量熱和快速產(chǎn)生大量氣體外，還有一個(gè)很大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是           。

元素編號(hào)

元素特征信息

A

其單質(zhì)是密度最小的物質(zhì)

B

陰離子帶有兩個(gè)單位的負(fù)電荷，單質(zhì)是空氣的主要成分之一

C

其陽(yáng)離子與B的陰離子具有相同的電子層結(jié)構(gòu)，且核電荷數(shù)與B相差3

D

與C同周期，且最外層電子是C的3倍

E

與D同周期，原子半徑在該周期中最小

答案

、（6分）（1）N2H4(l)+2H2O(l)==N2(g)+4H2O(g)；H=-769.8KJ/mol

   （2）    472.9KJ 

   （3） 產(chǎn)物為水和氮?dú)猓粫?huì)污染環(huán)境   （每空2分）

17．(鄭州市101中學(xué)2009屆高三9月月考試卷)下列有關(guān)熱化學(xué)方程式的敘述正確的是( C )

A．已知2H2(g)+O2(g)=== 2H2O(g)；△H=-483.6kJ/mol，則H2的燃燒熱為241.8kJ/mol

B．已知C（石墨，s）C（金剛石，s）；△H>0，則金剛石比石墨穩(wěn)定

C．含20.0g NaOH的稀溶液與稀鹽酸完全中和，放出28.7kJ的熱量，則表示該反應(yīng)

中和熱的熱化學(xué)方程式為：NaOH（ag）+HCl（ag）NaCl（ag）+H2O（l）；△H=-57.4kJ/mol

D．已知2C(s)+2O2(g)==2CO2(g)；△H1   2C(s)+O2(g)==2CO(g)；△H2   則△H1>△H2

18．(鄭州市101中學(xué)2009屆高三9月月考試卷) (7分)在化學(xué)反應(yīng)中，只有極少數(shù)能量

比平均能量高得多的反應(yīng)物分子發(fā)生碰撞時(shí)

才可能發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，這些分子被稱(chēng)為活化

分子。使普通分子變成活化分子所需提供的

最低限度的能量叫活化能，其單位通常用

kJ?mol-1表示。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真觀察右圖，然后回答問(wèn)題。

   （1）圖中所示反應(yīng)是________(填“吸熱”或“放熱”)反應(yīng)，該反應(yīng)_______(填“需要”或“不需要”)加熱，該反應(yīng)的△H =________(用含E1、E2的代數(shù)式表示）。

   （2）已知熱化學(xué)方程式：H2(g)＋1/2O2(g) = H2O(g)  △H = - 241.8 kJ?mol-1，該反應(yīng)的活化能為167.2 kJ?mol-1，則其逆反應(yīng)的活化能為_(kāi)___________________。

   （3）對(duì)于同一反應(yīng)，圖中虛線（Ⅱ）與實(shí)線（Ⅰ）相比，活化能大大降低，活化分子百分?jǐn)?shù)增多，反應(yīng)速率加快，你認(rèn)為最可能的原因是_________________________。

答案

 （1）放熱；      需要；     -(E1 - E2) kJ?mol-1

（2）409 kJ?mol-1；       （3）使用了催化劑。

19、(浙江省富陽(yáng)新中2008（上）高三期中考試)工業(yè)上制備純硅反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式如下：

SiCl4（g）+2H2（g）可逆符號(hào) Si（s）+4HCl（g）; △H=+QKJ /mol（Q＞0），某溫度、壓強(qiáng)下，

將一定量反應(yīng)物通入密閉容器進(jìn)行以上反應(yīng)，下列敘述正確的是       ( C  )

       A、反應(yīng)過(guò)程中，若壓縮容器體積，增大壓強(qiáng)能提高SiCl4的轉(zhuǎn)化率

       B、若反應(yīng)開(kāi)始時(shí)SiCl4為1 mol,則達(dá)平衡時(shí)，吸收熱量為Q kJ

       C、當(dāng)反應(yīng)吸收熱量為0.025Q kJ時(shí)，生成的HCl通入100 mL 1 mol/L的NaOH溶液恰好反應(yīng)

       D、反應(yīng)至4 min時(shí)，若HCl濃度為0.12 mol/L,則H2的反應(yīng)速率為0.03 mol/（L?min）

20、(2009年高考理綜12月化學(xué)考試題)、最近羅馬大學(xué)Fulvio Cacace等人獲得了極具理論研究意義的N4分子,N4分子結(jié)構(gòu)如右圖所示（與白磷P4相似）。已知斷裂1mol N―N吸收167kJ熱量,生成1mol 放出942kJ熱量。由此判斷下列說(shuō)法正確的是( D )

 A．N4屬于一種新型的化合物     B．N4與N2互為同分異構(gòu)體

 C．N4沸點(diǎn)比P4（白磷）高       D．1molN4氣體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镹2將放出882kJ熱量

21. (通遼一中08-09學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期第一次考試) (4分)  ①甲硅烷(SiH4)是一種無(wú)色氣體，遇到空氣能發(fā)生爆炸性自燃，生成SiO2和水，已知室溫下1g甲硅烷自燃放出熱量44．6kJ，其熱化學(xué)方程式是_____________________________________________________

②13gC2H2(g)完全燃燒生成CO2和H2O(l)時(shí)放出650kJ熱量，該反應(yīng)燃燒熱的化學(xué)方程式為_(kāi)_______________________________________________。

答案

. (4分)① SiH4(g)+2O2(g)==SiO2(s)+2H2O(1)  △H==－1427.2kJ／mol

②C2H2(g)+2.5O2(g)＝2CO2(g)+ H2O(1)；△H＝－1300kJ／mol

22. (通遼一中08-09學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期第一次考試) 1gH2(g)燃燒生成液態(tài)水放出

142．9kJ的熱量，表示該反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式正確的是   

  A．2H2(g)+O2(g)＝2H2O(1)；△H=－142．9kJ／MOl

  B．2H2(g)+O2(g)＝2H2O(1)；△H=－571.6kJ／mol

  C．2H2+O2＝2H2O；△H=－571．6kJ／mol  

  D．H2(g)+ O2(g)=H2O(g);  △H＝－285．8kJ／mol

23．(湖北省天門(mén)中學(xué)08-09學(xué)年高三年級(jí)（實(shí)驗(yàn)班）十一月考試卷)將V1 mL 1.0 mol/L HCl溶液和V2 mL未知濃度的NaOH溶液混合均勻后測(cè)量并記錄溶液溫度，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如圖所示(實(shí)驗(yàn)中始終保持V1＋V2＝50 mL)。下列敘述正確的是（ B  ）

A．做該實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)環(huán)境溫度為22 ℃         B．該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明化學(xué)能可以轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能

C．NaOH溶液的濃度約是1.00 mol/L     D．該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明有水生成的反應(yīng)都是放熱反應(yīng)

24．(2008年秋季湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)期中聯(lián)考)根據(jù)熱化學(xué)方程式：S（s）+O 2（g）====SO 2（g）；△H= kJ?mol（297．2）分析，下列說(shuō)法不正確的是(B  )

A．S （s）在O2（g）中燃燒的反應(yīng)是放熱反應(yīng)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

B．S（g）+O 2（g）====SO 2（g）；△H= kJ?mol，則

C．16 g固體硫在空氣中充分燃燒，可放出148．6 kJ的熱量

D．1 mol SO 2（g）所具有的能量低于1 mol S（s）與1 mol O 2（g）所具有的能量之和

25、( 廣東天河中學(xué)09高三模擬)下列表述中正確的是( A )

A．1mol NaOH分別和1mol CH3COOH、1molHNO3反應(yīng)，后者比前者放出的熱量多

B．由C（石墨）→C（金剛石）△H=+119kJ?mol―1可知，金剛石比石墨穩(wěn)定

C．在AgNO3溶液中加入過(guò)量的稀鹽酸后，溶液中不存在Ag＋

D． 任何能使熵值增大的過(guò)程都能自發(fā)進(jìn)行

26、( 廣東天河中學(xué)09高三模擬)（12分）工業(yè)制硫酸生產(chǎn)流程如下圖：

    98％硫酸

    （1）在催化反應(yīng)室，下列措施中有利于提高SO2平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率的有                    

    A．升高溫度                 B．減少壓強(qiáng)      

    C．不斷補(bǔ)充空氣             D．及時(shí)分離出SO3

    （2）在生產(chǎn)中，為提高催化劑效率采取了哪些措施？   

    A、凈化氣體                            B、控制溫度在400～500℃

     C、增大催化劑與反應(yīng)氣體的接觸面積      D、不斷補(bǔ)充空氣

    （3）已知2SO2（g）+O2（g）2SO3（g），ΔH＝－196 kJ?mol－1。在450℃、常壓和釩催化條件下向一密閉容器中充入2molSO2和1molO2,充分反應(yīng)后,放出的熱量______(填“<”“>”“=”)196kJ，理由是______________________________________________________。 

    （4）經(jīng)檢測(cè)生產(chǎn)硫酸的原料氣成分（體積分?jǐn)?shù)）為SO27％、O211％、N282％。在500℃，0.1MPa條件下達(dá)到平衡時(shí)，各種氣體的體積比為V（SO2）：V（SO3）：V（O2）：V（N2）＝0.46：6.5：7.7：82，則SO2的利用率為                   

    （5）生產(chǎn)硫酸過(guò)程中的尾氣通常用氨水吸收，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)反應(yīng)方程式                               。

    答案

      （1）C、D（2分）  （2）ABC（3分）

    （3）① <（1分）,在1atm和298K條件下，2mol SO2和1mol O2完全反應(yīng)生成2mol SO3，放出196kJ熱量,該反應(yīng)為可逆反應(yīng),不可能進(jìn)行完全,又因?yàn)榉磻?yīng)溫度為450℃,所以放出的熱量小于196kJ （2分）（4）93.4％  （2分）

    （5）2NH3?H2O+SO3＝ （NH4）2SO4+ H2O（1分）2NH3?H2O+SO2＝（NH4）2SO3 + H2O（1分）

    27．( 廣東天河中學(xué)09高三模擬)能源與人類(lèi)的生活和社會(huì)發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。下列關(guān)于能源開(kāi)發(fā)和利用的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是

    A．發(fā)電廠的煤經(jīng)脫硫處理

    B．將煤轉(zhuǎn)化為水煤氣作燃料

    C．在農(nóng)村提倡利用沼氣作生活燃料

    D．人類(lèi)利用的能源都是通過(guò)化學(xué)反應(yīng)獲得的

     

    28 (哈爾濱市第九中學(xué)2008―2009學(xué)年度高三第三次月考 )蓋斯定律在生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)研究中有很重要的意義，有些反應(yīng)的反應(yīng)熱雖然無(wú)法直接測(cè)得，但可以利用蓋斯定律間接計(jì)算求得。已知3.6 g碳在6.4 g的氧氣中燃燒，至反應(yīng)物耗盡，并放出X kJ熱量。已知單質(zhì)碳的燃燒熱為Y kJ/mol，則1mol C與O2反應(yīng)生成CO的反應(yīng)熱△H為                                                   （   C ）

           A．－Y kJ/mol                           B．－(10X－Y) kJ/mol  

           C．－(5X－0.5Y) kJ/mol                  D．＋(10X－Y) kJ/mol

    29．(哈爾濱德強(qiáng)中學(xué)2008―2009學(xué)年度高三第三次月考)已知熱化學(xué)方程式2SO2(g)+ O2(g)2 SO3(g) ;△H= －Q kJ/mol（Q＞0），則下列說(shuō)法正確的是 ( A   )

    A．2molSO2(g)和1mol O2(g)所具有的能量大于2 molSO3(g)所具有的能量

    B．將2molSO2(g)和1mol O2(g)置于一密閉容器中充分反應(yīng)后放出QKJ的熱量

    C．升高溫度，平衡向逆反應(yīng)移動(dòng)，上述熱化學(xué)方程式中的Q值將減小

    D．如將一定量SO2(g)和 O2(g)置于某密閉容器中充分反應(yīng)后放熱QKJ，則此過(guò)程中有2molSO2（g）被還原

    30．(洪雅中學(xué)高2009級(jí)10月份月考試題)（16分）A、B、C、D、E為元素周期表中前三周期元素形成的五種離子，A、B、C、D四種離子的電子數(shù)均比E的電子數(shù)少8。

    （1）A與B結(jié)合成的化合物甲中既有離子鍵又有共價(jià)鍵，A與C結(jié)合成的化合物乙難溶于水，乙溶于甲的水溶液得無(wú)色透明溶液，C離子的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖為                    ，

    該反應(yīng)的離子方程式為                                      。

      （2）任何水溶液中都有A、D兩種離子，D離子的電子式是                     。

      （3）B與E結(jié)合成化合物丙，其中離子數(shù)之比為2:1，A與D結(jié)合成化合物丁，丁跟丙反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生無(wú)色無(wú)味的氣體，該反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式為                                  。

     （4）“神舟七號(hào)”飛船上的能量主要來(lái)自于太陽(yáng)能和燃料電池，H2、O2和甲的水溶液可形成氫氧燃料電池，負(fù)極的電極反應(yīng)為                             ，電極反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的水經(jīng)冷凝后可作為航天員的飲用水，當(dāng)?shù)玫?st1:chmetcnv UnitName="l" SourceValue="1.8" HasSpace="True" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">1.8 L飲用水時(shí)，電池內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移的電子數(shù)約為                 。

      （5）有一種液態(tài)氮?dú)浠衔镂�，與E的電子數(shù)相同，是 “神舟七號(hào)”飛船發(fā)射時(shí)使用的高能燃料之一，結(jié)構(gòu)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)該分子結(jié)構(gòu)中只有單鍵，戊的電子式為                      ，8 g該液態(tài)戊與液態(tài)雙氧水恰好完全反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)生兩種無(wú)毒又不污染環(huán)境的氣態(tài)物質(zhì)，放出375 kJ的熱量，寫(xiě)出該反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式                                             。

    答案

    （1）．           （2分）    Al（OH）3 + OH― == AlO2― + 2H2O （2分）

                 

    （2）．（2分）       （3）．2Na2O2 + 2H2O == 4 NaOH + O2↑（2分）

    （4）．   2H2+4OH－－4e－====4H2O （2分）     1.204×1026或200NA（2分）

    （5）．（2分）

     N2H4(l) + 2H2O2(l) ＝ N2(g) + 4H2O(g)；  △H＝?1500 kJ/mol（2分）

     

    31．(洪雅中學(xué)高2009級(jí)10月份月考試題)通常人們把拆開(kāi)1 mol某化學(xué)鍵所吸收的能量看成該化學(xué)鍵的鍵能，化學(xué)反應(yīng)的△H等于反應(yīng)中斷裂舊化學(xué)鍵的鍵能之和與反應(yīng)中形成新化學(xué)鍵的鍵能之和的差。有關(guān)鍵能數(shù)據(jù)如下表：

    化學(xué)鍵

    Si―O

    O=O

    Si―Si

    鍵能/kJ?mol-1

    X

    498.8

    176

     

     

    晶體硅在氧氣中燃燒的熱化學(xué)方程式為Si(s)+O2(g)=SiO2(s)；= -989.2/kJ?mol-1，則X的值為( B )

        A．423.3         B．460            C．920       D． 1165.2

     

    32．(北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2008～2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一學(xué)期期中統(tǒng)練)關(guān)于中和熱的說(shuō)法正確的是                                             （  C  ）

    A．中和熱一定是強(qiáng)酸跟強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)放出的熱量

        B．1 mol酸與1 mol堿完全反應(yīng)放出的熱量是中和熱

        C．在稀溶液中，酸與堿發(fā)生中和反應(yīng)生成1 mol H2O時(shí)的反應(yīng)熱叫做中和熱

        D．表示中和熱的離子方程式為：H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O(1)；ΔH = 57.3 kJ/mol

    33(北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2008～2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一學(xué)期期中統(tǒng)練)．“西氣東輸”工程使東部地區(qū)的居民告別了管道煤氣用上了天然氣。已知某管道煤氣的主要成分是H2和CO，天然氣的主要成分是CH4，它們?nèi)紵臒峄瘜W(xué)方程式分別為：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

            2H2(g) + O2(g)== 2H2O(l)；         △H = -571.6 kJ/mol

            2CO(g) + O2(g)== CO2(g)；         △H = -566 kJ/mol

            CH4(g) + 2O2(g) == CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)；△H = -890.31 kJ/mol

    當(dāng)使用管道煤氣的用戶(hù)改用天然氣后，在相同條件下燃燒等體積的可燃?xì)怏w，理論上可獲得的熱量，后者大約是前者的                                         （  C  ）

        A．1.3倍            B．1.6倍          C．3.1倍            D．0.8倍

    34．(北京五中2008―2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三期中考試)下列說(shuō)法正確的是                                   （  A  ）

           ①用25 mL酸式滴定管可以準(zhǔn)確放出8．00 mL的稀鹽酸；

           ②可用干燥的pH試紙測(cè)定氯水的pH；

           ③使用容量瓶配制溶液，定容時(shí)俯視，所得溶液的濃度偏大；

        ④加入鹽酸有能使澄清石灰水變渾濁的無(wú)色氣體生成，則原溶液中―定有大量CO32-存在；

        ⑤在某溫度下，一定量的醋酸與氫氧化鈉溶液充分混

    合，若溶液呈堿性時(shí)，溶液中離子濃度大小的關(guān)系

    一定為： c（Na+）? c（CH3COO―）?

    c（OH―）? c（H+

    右圖是反應(yīng)物和生成物的能量變化示意圖，其可能發(fā)

    生反應(yīng)的熱化學(xué)方程式可表示為：( )

    2 A（g）+ B(g) = 2 C（g）；△H=Q kJ?mol-1（Q＜0 ＝。 

           A．①③⑥        B．②④⑤            C．①③④               D．③⑤⑥

    35．(2008年呂叔湘中學(xué)高三化學(xué)試卷11月期中)設(shè)反應(yīng)①Fe(s)+CO2(g)FeO(s)+CO(g)；△H=Q1的平衡常數(shù)為K1，反應(yīng)②Fe(s)+H2O(g) FeO(s)+H2(g)；△H=Q2的平衡常數(shù)為K2，在不同溫度下，K1、K2的值如下：

    T／K

    K1

    K2

    973

    1.47

    2.38

    1 173

    2.15

    1.67

    (1)從上表可推斷，反應(yīng)①是       (填“放”或“吸”)熱反應(yīng)。

    (2)現(xiàn)有反應(yīng)③H2(g)+CO2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g)；△H=Q3平衡常數(shù)為K3。

    ①根據(jù)反應(yīng)①與②，可推斷反應(yīng)③是          (填“放”或“吸”)熱反應(yīng)。要使反應(yīng)③在一定條件下建立的平衡右移，可采取的措施有        。

    A．縮小容器體積   B．降低溫度   C．使用合適的催化劑 

    D．設(shè)法減少CO的量  E．升高溫度

    ②根據(jù)反應(yīng)①與②推導(dǎo)出Q1、Q2、Q3的關(guān)系式Q3=      。

     (3)現(xiàn)在恒容密閉容器中通入一定量CO2，再慢慢通入H2，

    使發(fā)生上述反應(yīng)③，在其他條件不變時(shí)，若改變H2的起始量，

    容器中CO的體積分?jǐn)?shù)也隨之改變，在圖中畫(huà)出CO的體積分

    數(shù)隨n(H2)變化的示意圖。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

    答案

    ．吸   吸   DE    Ql-Q2

    36．(2009屆黃岡市外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三（上）10月質(zhì)量檢測(cè))已知反應(yīng)：①101kPa時(shí)，2C(s)＋O2(g)＝2CO（g）；ΔH＝－221 kJ/mol

    ②稀溶液中，H＋(aq)＋OH－(aq)＝H2O(l)；ΔH＝－57．3 kJ/mol

    ③紅磷的化學(xué)式為P，白磷的化學(xué)式為P4，已知

    P4(s)＋5O2(g)＝P4O10(s)              ΔH＝－3093．2 kJ/mol

    4P (s)＋5O2(g)＝P4O10(s)             ΔH＝－2954．0 kJ/mol

    下列結(jié)論正確的是( B )

    A．由于紅磷轉(zhuǎn)化為白磷是放熱反應(yīng)，等質(zhì)量的紅磷能量比白磷低

    B．碳的燃燒熱大于110．5 kJ/mol

    C．稀硫酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)的中和熱△H＝57．3 kJ/mol

    D．稀醋酸與稀NaOH溶液反應(yīng)生成1 mol水，放出57．3 kJ熱量

    37．(09黃岡八測(cè)化學(xué)試卷一)已知25℃、101kPa時(shí)，2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g)；△H= 一483．6kJ／mol。下列說(shuō)法或表達(dá)正確的是

      A．H2的燃燒熱為241．8kJ／mol

      B．H2(g)+O2(g)=H2O(1)；△H<一241．8kJ／mol

      C．H2(g)+ O2(g)=H2O(g)；△H<一483．6kJ／mol

      D．1 mol H2與0．5 mol O2總能量小于1mol H2O(g)的總能量

    38．(湖南省張家界市2008-2009學(xué)年度高三10月份聯(lián)考 )甲醇質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池中將甲醇蒸氣轉(zhuǎn)化為氫氣的兩種反應(yīng)原理是                              

        ①

        ②

    1.      She whispered to me that she would resign.

    2.      It is whispered that she is very particular about her way of life.

    3.      You can't imagine how excited I was when I bump into（knocked into）my old school friend on the train.

    4.      We shouldn't complain about being poor---many families are much worse off than we are.

    5.      His speech inspired them with much confidence.

    6.      We are inspired to spend more time in writing in English.

    7.      The telephone rang during the night, but they hang up before I could pick up the receiver.

    8.      While traveling in France, he picked up some French words.

    9.      They again threatened to cut off aid to this nation.

    10.   Pay special attention to intonation and try to bring out the humorous meaning.

    11.   Settlers from all over the world bring in different customs and habits in 1850s.

    12.   Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on banana skin?

    13.   An old man was seated under a tree, with several dog running around.

    14.   There are chances of students being killed by guns in Am. Schools.（幾率,可能性）

    15.   I'm confused to hear that he refused to take the job.

    16.   Set in the 1930s, the film gives a vivid description of the people living at the bottom of society.  以…為背景

    17.   How about the two of us taking a walk down the garden?

    18.   .My mother keeps a dog, treating it as if it were her dear son.

    19.   Even today the report of the noodle harvest is remembered as one of the best April Fool's jokes ever.

    20.   The car needs major repairs.

    21.   Her major is biology.

    22.   We heard the approach of the train.

    23.   All the approaches to the town are blocked.

    24.   At last she decided on the three possible approaches.

    25.   We are anxious about the approaching examination.

    26.   Don't be too curious about what you are not supposed to know.

    27.   A student should always be curious to learn.

    28.   There was a note of optimism in what he said.

    29.   These are all things worthy of note.  注意

    30.   Did you take note of his changes.

    31.   The officer told the soldiers to stand at ease.   稍息

    32.   Take this medicine; it will ease the pain.

    33.   What is the likeliest time to meet him?

    34.   I will be interviewing the conference president this time tomorrow.

    35.   Teaching in school can in no way be separated from practice.

    36.   The work is well done in a / one way.

    37.   ---Will you see（to it ）that my rooms is cleaned during my absence?

    ---No problem.

    38.   ---Jimmy had a lot of parties recently.

    ---Yes, that might account for why he didn't do well in the test.

    39.   ---Do remember to write us an email as soon as you arrive in London and take good care of yourself!

    ---I've got it. Please set your heart as ease.

    40.   There is a saying that actions speak louder than words.

    41.   It is a great success for him as well as for the whole family.

    42.   They charged me with neglecting my duty.  玩忽職守

    43.   He took charge of the family business when her father died.

    44.   Your reasons for not wanting to meet Smith may be many and various, but you still must meet him.

    45.   He admitted having stolen a piece of priceless treasure.

    46.   He is a teacher with 5 years of teaching experience.

    47.   Well prepared, they set out for the new destination.

    48.   Everybody laughed, but I couldn't understand what amused them.

    49.   To her amusement, the actor's false hair fell off.

    50.   Theme parks have a certain idea that the whole park is based on.

    51.   They decided to base the new company in York.

    52.   The past can come to life when we see how our ancestors dressed, worked and lived.

    53.   The new teacher really bring English to life for us.

    54.   She first made her name as a writer of children's book.

    55.   Over the next few months we'll keep a close eye on sales.

    56.   They were more than happy to see us come back form the expedition.

    57.   He takes care of us like our father. He is more than our teacher.

    58.   Not only did they break into the house, but they also stole all the money.

    59.   Who do you think will take the place of our teacher?

    60.   I hear that the minority of our club have been to the small village of Tibet.

    61.   ---Shirley, I'll leave for Beijing this afternoon. Do you have anything to be taken to your brother?   ---No. Thank you.

    62.   She has two nurses attending on her.（照顧,看護(hù)）

    63.   Are you being attended to?（招待）

    64.   Attend carefully to what she is saying（注意）

    65.   Being exposed to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants（變異體）of genes in human bodies.

    66.   That day Tom lost control of himself and hit Jack, but later, Tom made an apology.

    67.   I was absorbed in a book and didn't hear your call.

    68.   The secretary was more to blame than the boss..

    69.   Do you blame him for the accident?

    70.   He put forward a better plan.  /  We shall have to put the meeting forward.（提前）

    71.   Shall we put her forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?（推薦）

    試題詳情

    1.      Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling frustrated.

    2.      He couldn't have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies.

    3.      Thank you for giving me a hand. I would otherwise fail in the experiment without your valuable help.

    4.      Much to the couple's comfort, their income is now double what it was five years ago.

    5.      We won't permit smoking in the office.

    6.      Please account for your own conduct.（行為）

    7.      They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.

    8.      People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.

    9.      To avoid confusion, please write the children's name clearly on all their school clothes.

    10.   Water here is in short supply.

    11.   For certain personal reasons, I shall not be able to attend.

    12.   I can't say for certain / for sure when we will arrive.

    13.   I don't have anything suitable to wear for the party.

    14.   It's a small house but it suits our needs.

    15.   Will this plan work?

    16.   I spotted a friend in the crowd.

    17.   There appears to be a mistake in his composition.

    18.   He ran out directly he heard the terrible noise.

    19.   I ran into a friend of mine on the street by accident.

    20.   If only she had known about it.

    21.   What if it rains tomorrow?

    22.   I really don't know where it was that Tom lost his wallet.

    23.   John was absent from school this morning. It was because he was hit by a bike on his way school

    24.   I'm sorry to have taken your umbrella by mistake, because I mistake it for mine.

    25.   There is a desert spreading for hundreds of miles.

    26.   Now that you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

    27.   As time went by/ With time going by, he got nothing.

    28.   Much as the young people needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldn't ask their parents for help.

    29.   With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

    30.   Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?  ----算進(jìn)去

    31.   The document was written in official style.

    32.   He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.

    33.   The oil painting looks better at a distance.

    34.   One can see the ancient ruins from a distance of 20 miles.

    35.   He could see the tall chimneys of the factory in the distance.

    36.   I have done most of the work. Could you please finish the rest in two days?

    37.   So curious were the couple about wild plants that they decided to make trip to Madagascar for further research.

    38.   Some passengers complain that it usually takes so long to fill in travel insurance documents.

    39.   A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever an qualified noblemen at court.

    40.   I will come on condition that Peter is invited.

    41.   After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.

    42.   It's worthwhile taking / to take the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.（句式）

    43.   It's really a worthwhile task.（做定語(yǔ)）

    44.   We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.（做表語(yǔ)）

    45.   She argued me into buying a new car.

    46.   His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. / to make greater efforts.

    47.   I have just struck on a good idea.

    48.   I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside.

    49.   Was that remark intended as a joke?  意欲作為…

    50.   Few people will be recognized by the whole world, enjoying the title of United Nations Messsenger（使者）of Peace。享有…稱(chēng)號(hào)

    51.   The children have a strong hunger for knowledge.

    52.   Thousands are going hunger because of the failure of this year's harvest.

    53.   He has been struggling for success in business.

    54.   The lion tried to struggle to his feet, but failed.

    55.   The eagle expanded his wings.

    56.   Could you expand on that point, please? 闡述

    57.   He worked out a good plan.

    58.   How can I get rid of the flies in the kitchen?

    59.   I'd rather you had stayed at home last night.

    60.   If you don't know what this means, refer to the dictionary.

    61.   The production now it is 3 times what it was 10 years ago.

    62.   Whatever you think of Rose, we have to admit that she's a specialist in this field.

    63.   The couple were content with their life in the countryside.

    64.   The children are singing to their hearts' content. 盡情地;心滿意足的

    65.   She is very particular about what she wears.

    66.   I noticed his eyes in particular because they were very big.

    67.   His plan ended in failure.

    68.   His failure to explain his being so late made his boss annoyed.

    69.   What astonished me most was that no one had thought of that.

    70.   She was astonished to hear he should have behaved like that.

    71.   He stood there, looking astonished.

    72.   He will entertain his friends to dinner this evening.

    73.  How did he make a sad situation entertaining?

    試題詳情

    1.      When congratulating John, Mr. Alan Southern, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said.（同位語(yǔ)）

    2.      We made Tom monitor of class.（賓補(bǔ)）

    3.      He is chairman of the meeting.（表語(yǔ)---以上三種情況的表具體官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞）

    4.      There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learn at school saved Ms. Slade's life.

    5.      It is a must to have a knowledge of English in international trade.

    6.      It is strange that the little girl over there（should）be so upset at the good news.

    7.      How can I convince you of her honesty/ that she was honest?

    8.      I was convinced of his guilt that he was guilty.

    9.      The museum also introduces you to ancient ways of life.（讓某人認(rèn)識(shí),了解某物）

    10.   My remarks were not aimed at you.（他的話不是針對(duì)你的）

    11.   We have been seeing each other a great deal lately.

    12.   Among the artists who broke away from the traditional style painting are the impressionists who lived and worked in Paris.

    13.   His letter conveys that she has a warm heart.

    14.   What are the quantities that make up his character?

    15.   Hold on to the stick and I will pull you out of the well.

    16.   We thought of selling this old furniture, but we've decided to hold on to it. It might be valuable.

    17.   The text train is due in five minutes.

    18.   The next train is due to arrive five minutes later.

    19.   She arrived late due to the storm.

    20.   Owing to the shower, the baseball game was interrupted.（due to?）

    21.   She was a person accustomed to having eight hours' sleep a night.

    22.   He was quickly accustomed to his new way of life.

    23.   Despite / In spite of her wounded leg, she managed to get up the train.

    24.   When I was a teenager, I also smoked and I became addicted to cigarettes.

    25.   When I was taken off the school football team because I was too slow, I know it was time to quit smoking.

    26.   The plane took off smoothly.

    27.   Hearing the big noise, the bird took off the branch of the tree. （注意詞性）

    28.   He decided that he would buy a new car.

    29.   He decided to buy a new car.

    30.   He decided on buying a new car.

    31.   I am not standing for it any longer.

    32.   The letter U.K. stand for the United Kingdom.

    33.   The hat stood out because of its strange shape.

    34.   I will go on and I am willing to risk losing my job.

    35.   She quitted reading to make

    36.   It is requires in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

    37.   How did it come about that you quarreled with your best friend?

    38.   I phoned to thank her for her courageous（有勇氣的,有膽量的）advice

    試題詳情

    2009屆高三化學(xué)各地月考試題匯編：

    電解質(zhì)溶液

    1、(河北舞陽(yáng)一高09高三10考)（10分）A、B、C、D四種短周期元素，原子序數(shù)依次遞增，A原子形成的陽(yáng)離子是一個(gè)質(zhì)子，B原子的最外層電子數(shù)是其次外層電子數(shù)的2倍，C原子的最外層電子數(shù)與B原子的核外電子總數(shù)相等，D在同周期元素中原子半徑最大。A、C、D三種元素可形成化合物甲，B、C、D三種元素可形成化合物乙，甲和乙均為中學(xué)化學(xué)常見(jiàn)物質(zhì)。請(qǐng)回答：

    （1）化合物甲中所含化學(xué)鍵類(lèi)型為                 。

    （2）A的單質(zhì)與C的單質(zhì)在強(qiáng)酸性條件下構(gòu)成燃料電池，其正極反應(yīng)式為           。

    （3）將3gB的單質(zhì)在足量C的單質(zhì)中燃燒，所得氣體通入1L 0.4mol/L的甲溶液中，完全吸收后，溶液中的溶質(zhì)及其物質(zhì)的量分別為                             ；溶液中所含離子的物質(zhì)的量濃度由大到小的順序?yàn)?u>                          。

    （4）常溫下，甲與乙的水溶液pH均為9，這兩種溶液中由水電離出的OH―的物質(zhì)的量濃度

    c（OH―）甲 ： c（OH―）乙=              

    答案：（1）離子鍵和極性共價(jià)鍵（共價(jià)鍵、極性鍵均可）（2分）（全對(duì)給分）

         （2）O2+4H++4e-=2 H2O                       （2分）

         （3）0.1 mol NaHCO3和0.15 mol Na2CO3     （2分）（對(duì)一個(gè)給1分）

            c(Na+)＞c(CO)＞c(HCO)＞c(OH-)＞c(H+)（2分）

    2、(09屆北京101中學(xué)高三化學(xué)10月考)一定能在下列溶液中大量共存的離子組是

        A．pH=0的溶液：Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、SO42-             

    B．由水電離出的c(H+)=1×10-13mol / L的溶液：HCO3-、K+、SO42-、Cl-

        C．含大量Fe3+的溶液：NH4+、Na+、SCN-、Cl-                

    D．pH=14的溶液：Na+、K+、AlO2-、CO32-

    3、(浙江09屆海寧市高三9月模擬)某溶液中只含有Na＋、H＋、OH－、A－四種離子，下列說(shuō)法正確的是：（ A ）

    A．若溶液中c(A－) = c(Na＋)，則溶液一定呈中性

    B．溶液中不可能存在：c(Na＋)>c (A－)>c(OH－)>c(H＋)

    C．若c(OH－)>c(H＋)，溶液中不可能存在：c(Na＋)>c(OH－)>c(A－)>c(H＋)

    D．若溶質(zhì)為NaA、HA，則一定存在： c(A－)>c(Na＋)>c(H＋)>c(OH－)

    4、(浙江09屆海寧市高三9月模擬)下表是五種銀鹽的溶度積常數(shù)（25℃）：

    化學(xué)式

    AgCl

    Ag2SO4

    Ag2S

    AgBr

    AgI

    溶度積

    1.8×10－10

    1.4×10－5

    6.3×10－50

    7.7×10－13

    8.51×10－16

    下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是：（C ）

    A．五種物質(zhì)在常溫下溶解度最大的是Ag2SO4

    B．將氯化銀溶解于水后，向其中加入Na2S，則可以生成黑色沉淀

    C．氯化銀、溴化銀和碘化銀三種物質(zhì)在常溫下的溶解度隨著氯、溴、碘的順序增大

    D．沉淀溶解平衡的建立是有條件的，外界條件改變時(shí)，平衡也會(huì)發(fā)生移動(dòng)

    5．(四川飛龍中學(xué)09屆高三10月考)根據(jù)相關(guān)化學(xué)原理，下列推斷正確的是（ A ）

    A．若弱酸HA的酸性強(qiáng)于弱酸HB，則同濃度鈉鹽溶液的pH：NaA＜NaB

    B．若X原子的質(zhì)子數(shù)為a，中子數(shù)為b，則X的質(zhì)量數(shù)為：a－b

    C．若R2－離子和M＋離子的電子層結(jié)構(gòu)相同，則R2－和M＋的化學(xué)性質(zhì)相同

    D．若有反應(yīng)A2＋2D－＝2A－十D2，則氧化性：D2＞A2

    6．(四川飛龍中學(xué)09屆高三10月考)將一定量的鈉鋁合金置于水中，合金全部溶解，得到20 mL pH＝14的溶液，然后用1 mol?L－1的鹽酸滴定，至沉淀質(zhì)量最大時(shí)，消耗鹽酸40 mL，原合金中鈉的質(zhì)量為（ D ）

    A．0.23 g           B．0.46 g           C．0.69 g                    D．0.92 g

    7、(2009屆廣東省中山一中高三第二次統(tǒng)測(cè))在體積均為1L，pH均等于2的鹽酸和醋酸溶液，分別投入0.23g Na，則下圖中比較符合反應(yīng)事實(shí)的曲線是( B )

    8、(2009屆廣東省中山一中高三第二次統(tǒng)測(cè))下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書(shū)寫(xiě)正確的是

    A．鐵屑溶于足量稀硝酸：Fe＋4H＋＋NO3－＝Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O

    B．碳酸氫鈣溶液中加入足量燒堿溶液：HCO3－＋OH－＝CO32－＋H2O

    C．金屬鈉溶于足量水中：2Na＋2H2O＝2Na＋＋H2↑＋2OH－

    D．苯酚鈉溶液中通入少量CO2：2C6H5O－＋CO2＋H2O→2C6H5OH＋CO32－

    9．(09海淀區(qū)高三期中) (共6分)現(xiàn)有濃度均為0.1 mol/L的下列溶液：①硫酸、②醋酸、③氫氧化鈉、④氯化銨、⑤醋酸銨、⑥硫酸銨、⑦硫酸氫銨，⑧氨水，請(qǐng)回答下列問(wèn)題：

     （1）①、②、③、④四種溶液中由水電離出的H+濃度由大到小的順序是（填序號(hào)）

                                           。

     （2）④、⑤、⑥、⑦、⑧五種溶液中NH4+濃度由大到小的順序是（填序號(hào)）

                                           。

    （3）將③和④等體積混合后，混合液中各離子濃度由大到小的順序是　　　　　　　　　　。

    （4）已知t℃，KW＝1×10－13，則t℃（填“>”或“<”或“＝”）          25℃。在t℃時(shí)將pH＝11的NaOH溶液a L與pH＝1的H2SO4的溶液b L混合（忽略混合后溶液體積的變化），若所得混合溶液的pH＝2，則a∶b＝              。

    答案：

       　（1）④②③①  

    　　 （2）⑥⑦④⑤⑧

     　�。�3）C(Na+) ＝C(Cl-) > C(OH-) >c(NH4+)> C(H+)

      　　(4)  ＞　 　　　9：2（2分）

                                                      

    10．(09海淀區(qū)高三期中)下列離子方程式書(shū)寫(xiě)正確的是

    A．硫化鈉水解：S2－＋2H2O  H2S↑＋2OH－

    B．碳酸鈉溶于醋酸溶液中：CO32－ ＋ 2 H＋＝ H2O ＋ CO2↑

    C．次氯酸鈣溶液中通入過(guò)量二氧化碳：Ca2+ + 2ClO－+H2O+CO2 ＝CaCO3↓+2HClO

    D．過(guò)量的硫酸氫鈉與氫氧化鋇溶液反應(yīng)：Ba2＋＋2OH－＋2H＋＋SO42－＝BaSO4↓＋2H2O

    11．(09海淀區(qū)高三期中)下列表述正確的是

    A．NaHCO3溶液中：c(H+) + c(H2CO3) ＝ c(OH－)

        B．中和等體積、等pH鹽酸和CH3COOH溶液所消耗的NaOH物質(zhì)的量相同

    C．pH＝2的HA溶液與pH＝12的MOH溶液以任意比混合后，所得溶液中：

         c(H+) + c(M+) ＝ c(OH－) + c(A－)

    D．在水電離出的H＋濃度為1×10－12 mol/L的溶液中，K+、Mg2+、NO3－、I－一定能大量共存

    12.(四川省通江中學(xué)高三10月考).0.1mol/LNaOH溶液和0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液等體積混合后，溶液中離子濃度關(guān)系正確的是（ D ）

     

        A．c(Na＋)＞c(Cl－)＞c(NH4＋)＞c(OH－)＞c(H＋)        

        B．c(Na＋)＝c(NH4＋)+ c(NH3。H2O)

        C．c(Na＋)+c(H＋) =c(OH－)+c(Cl－)        

        D．c(Na＋)＝c(Cl－)＞c(NH4＋)＞c(OH－)＞c(H＋)

    13. (江蘇睢寧縣2009屆高三化學(xué)10月調(diào)研試卷)已知NaHSO3溶液呈酸性、NaHCO3溶液呈堿性�，F(xiàn)有濃度均為0.1 mol?L－1的NaHSO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液，溶液中各粒子的物質(zhì)的量濃度存在下列關(guān)系（R表示S或C）。其中正確的是(     )

    A．c(Na＋)＞c(HRO3－)＞c(H＋)＞c(RO32－)＞c(OH－)

    B．c(Na＋)＋c(H＋)＝c(HRO3－)＋c(RO32－)＋c(OH－)

    C．c(H＋)＋c(H2RO3)＝c(RO32－)＋c(OH－)

    D．兩溶液中c(Na＋)、c(HRO3－)、c(RO32－)分別相等

    14. (河北正定中學(xué)09高三第一次月考)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書(shū)寫(xiě)正確的是（  B   ）

    A．醋酸鋇溶液和硫酸反應(yīng)：Ba2++SO42－====BaSO4↓

    B．氫氧化鋇溶液與碳酸氫銨溶液等體積、等物質(zhì)的量濃度混合：

    Ba2++2OH－+NH4++HCO3－=====BaCO3↓+NH3+2H2O

    C．硫化鈉溶液顯堿性：S2-+2H2O == H2S+2OH-

    D．醋酸與碳酸鈣發(fā)生反應(yīng)：2CH3COOH+CaCO3====(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2↑

    15. (河北正定中學(xué)09高三第一次月考)在25℃時(shí)將pH=3的CH3COOH溶液與pH=11的NaOH溶液等體積混合后，下列關(guān)系式正確的：（  A   ）

    A．c(CH3COO-)>c(Na+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)        B．c(H+)= c(CH3COO-)+ c(OH-)

    C．c(Na+)= c(CH3COO-)+c(CH3COOH)        D．c(Na+)>c(CH3COO-)> c(OH-)> c(H+)

    16．(河北正定中學(xué)09高三第一次月考)下列各溶液中，敘述正確的是（ C  ）

          A．0.1mol／L的(NH4)2SO4溶液中：

          B．25℃時(shí)，將pH=3的鹽酸溶液和pH=11的氨水等體積混合后，溶液中離子濃度的關(guān)系：

          C．將0.1 醋酸溶液加大量水稀釋后，溶液的pH增大

          D．Na2CO3溶液中：

    17．(河北正定中學(xué)09高三第一次月考)在下列溶液中，各組離子一定能夠大量共存的是（   C ）

    A．使酚酞試液變紅的溶液： Na+、Cl-、SO42-、Fe3+

    B．使紫色石蕊試液變紅的溶液：Fe2+、Mg2+、NO3-、Cl-

    C． c(H+)=10-12 mol?L-1的溶液：K+、Ba2+、Cl-、Br-

    D．碳酸氫鈉溶液中：K+、SO42-、Cl-、H+

    18．(四川省綿陽(yáng)南山中學(xué)高2009屆雙學(xué)月考)已知NaHSO3溶液和Na2CO3溶液混合后加熱煮沸能產(chǎn)生CO2氣體。現(xiàn)有濃度均為0.1mol/L的NaHSO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液，兩溶液中各粒子物質(zhì)的量濃度的關(guān)系一定正確的是(R表示S或C) (  B )

        A．c(Na＋)＋c(H＋)＝c(HRO3－)＋c(RO32－)＋c(OH－)

    B．c(H＋)＋c(H2RO3)＝c(RO32－)＋c(OH－)

    C．c(Na＋) ＞c(HRO3－) ＞c(H＋) ＞c(OH－)＞c(RO32－)

    D．c(HRO3－)＞c(H2RO3)＞c(OH－)＞c(RO32－)＞c(H＋)

     

    19．(福建莆田四中09高三第二次月考)下列各組物質(zhì)中，前者為強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)，后者為弱電解質(zhì)的是（ D  ）

    A．硫酸，硫酸鎂                    B．碳酸，碳酸鈉          

    C．食鹽，酒精                      D．碳酸氫鈉，醋酸

    20．(北京明光中學(xué)2008年9月高三教學(xué)檢測(cè))常壓下，僅能在水溶液中導(dǎo)電的電解質(zhì)是       (   D )  

           A．KOH                  B．CH3OH               C．CO2                    D．KHCO3

    21．(東北育才中學(xué)2008～2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)第一次模擬)某溶液中只可能含有下列離子中的幾種（不考慮溶液中含的較少的H＋和OH－）Na+、NH4+、SO42－、CO32－、NO3－。取200mL該溶液，分為等體積的二份分別做下列實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)1：第一份加入足量的燒堿并加熱，產(chǎn)生的氣體在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下為224mL。實(shí)驗(yàn)2：第二份先加入足量的鹽酸，無(wú)現(xiàn)象，再加足量的BaCl2溶液，得固體2.33克。下列說(shuō)法正確的是                                              (   D   )

    A.該溶液中可能含有Na+       B.該溶液中肯定含有NH4+、SO42－、CO32－、NO3－

    C.該溶液中一定不含NO3－      D.該溶液中一定含Na+，且c(Na+)≥0.1 mol/L

     

    22．(東北育才學(xué)校2008-2009高三第二次模擬)下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式書(shū)寫(xiě)正確的是                      （   D  ）

    A．石灰乳與Na2CO3溶液混合：Ca2＋＋CO32－＝CaCO3↓

    B．漂白粉溶液中通入適量的SO2氣體

    Ca2++2ClO－+SO2+H2O ＝ CaSO3↓+2HClO

    C．1 mol/L的NaAlO2溶液和2.5 mol/L的HCl等體積互相均勻混合：

    AlO2－ + 4H+ ＝ Al3+ + 2H2O

    D．Ca（HCO3）2與過(guò)量Ca（OH）2溶液反應(yīng)：

    Ca2++HCO3－+OH－＝CaCO3↓+H2O

    23．(東北育才學(xué)校2008-2009高三第二次模擬)已知H2SO4電離方程式是：H2SO4 = H+ + HSO4－，HSO4－ H++ SO42－，又知0.1mol?L－1NaH SO4溶液的pH = 2。則下列說(shuō)法不正確的是          ( B   )

    A. Na2 SO4溶液顯堿性是因?yàn)镾O42－+H2O  H SO4－+OH－

    B.0.1mol?L-1 H2 SO4溶液中氫離子的物質(zhì)的量濃度為0.11 mol?L－1

    C.NaH SO4溶液中各種離子濃度的關(guān)系是c(Na+ )>c(H SO4－)>c(H+)>c(SO42－)>c(OH－ )

    D.在NaH SO4溶液中，H SO4－電離的趨勢(shì)大于其水解的趨勢(shì)

    24.(浙江桐鄉(xiāng)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三化學(xué)10月)．①pH=2的CH3COOH溶液；②pH=2的HCl溶液；③pH=12的氨水；④pH=12的NaOH溶液。相同條件下，有關(guān)上述溶液的比較中，不正確的是                     

    A．水電離的c(H＋)：①=②=③=④

    B．將②、③溶液混合后，pH=7，消耗溶液的體積：②>③

    C．等體積的①、②、④溶液分別與足量鋁粉反應(yīng)，生成H2的量：②最大

    D．向溶液中加入100mL水后，溶液的pH：③>④>②>①

    25．(浙江桐鄉(xiāng)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三化學(xué)10月)下列離子反應(yīng)，表達(dá)正確的是                                   

    A．將NaOH固體加入熱的濃NH4HSO3溶液中：NH4＋ + OH? NH3↑+H2O

    B．CaCO3與醋酸（CH3COOH）反應(yīng)：CaCO3 +2H＋=Ca2＋ +CO2↑+H2O

    C．向Fe2(SO4)3溶液中通入HI：2Fe3＋+2I?=2Fe2＋+I2

    D．MgSO4溶液跟Ba(OH)2溶液反應(yīng)：SO42?+Ba2＋=BaSO4↓

    26．(浙江桐鄉(xiāng)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三化學(xué)10月)有關(guān)下列溶液的判斷中，正確的一組是                       

    ①0.1mol?L－1Na3PO4溶液中：c(Na＋)=3c(PO43?)

    ②0.1mol?L－1Na2S溶液中：c(OH?)=c(H＋)+c(HS?)+2c(H2S)

    ③0.1mol?L－1KHCO3溶液中：c(K＋)>c(HCO3?)>c(OH?)>c(H＋)

    ④只含有Na＋、H＋、Cl?、OH?的溶液中一定有：c(Cl?)=c(Na＋)>c(H＋)=c(OH?)

    A．①②③       B．③④       C．②③       D．②④

    27．(浙江桐鄉(xiāng)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三化學(xué)10月)常溫下，向0.1mol下列物質(zhì)：①過(guò)氧化鈉 ②硫酸鋇 ③硫化鈉 ④偏鋁酸鈉 ⑤氯化鋁中分別加入0.5L水后充分?jǐn)嚢瑁瑒t溶液中陰離子數(shù)從大到小的排列順序正確的是                                                   

    A．⑤①③④②   B．⑤②①③④    C．⑤①④③②   D．②⑤①③④

    28.“酸堿質(zhì)子理論”認(rèn)為凡是能夠給出質(zhì)子(H+)的分子或離子都是酸，凡是能夠接受質(zhì)子的分子或離子都是堿，物質(zhì)酸性(堿性)的強(qiáng)弱取決于分子或離子給出(接受)質(zhì)子能力的大 小。按照“酸堿質(zhì)子理論”，下列說(shuō)法正確的是
     A. 2Na + 2H2O＝2NaOH + H2↑是酸堿反應(yīng)

    B. ClO－+ H2OHClO  +  OH－是酸堿反應(yīng)
    C. 堿性強(qiáng)弱順序：OH―＞ClO―＞CH3COO―　

    D. HCO3－既是酸又是堿，NH3既不是酸又不是堿

    29.下列有關(guān)化學(xué)反應(yīng)過(guò)程或?qū)嶒?yàn)現(xiàn)象的解釋正確的是

    A. Cl2的水溶液能導(dǎo)電，說(shuō)明Cl2是電解質(zhì)

    B. 濃硫酸能干燥CO氣體，因而CO無(wú)還原性

    C. CaCl2為中性干燥劑，故可干燥NH3

    D. 因?yàn)镺2轉(zhuǎn)化為O3是吸熱反應(yīng)，所以O(shè)2比O3穩(wěn)定

    30．已知某溶液中存OHˉ、H+、NH4+和C1ˉ四種離子，其濃度大小有如下關(guān)系：

           ①c（C1ˉ）＞c（NH4+）＞c（H+）＞c（OHˉ）

           ②c（C1ˉ）＞c（H+）＞c（NH4+）＞c（OHˉ）

           ③c（C1ˉ）=c（NH4+）且c（OHˉ）=c（H+）

           ④c（OHˉ）＞c（H+）＞c（C1ˉ）＞c（NH4+）

           ⑤c（H+）＞c（OHˉ）＞c（C1ˉ）＞c（NH4+）

           其中可能的是( C )                                 

           A．①④                   B．③⑤                   C．①②③               D．④⑤

    31.(哈爾濱五中2009屆高三9月考)C1S03H稱(chēng)為氯磺酸，是一種強(qiáng)酸。對(duì)于反應(yīng)：ClS03H+HCOOH=CO+HCl+H2S04有如下判斷，其中較合理的是( BC) 

        A．此反應(yīng)屬于氧化還原反應(yīng)                   B．此反應(yīng)不屬于氧化還原反應(yīng)

        C．反應(yīng)后溶液的pH值變小                   D．反應(yīng)后溶液的pH值增大

    32．(哈爾濱五中2009屆高三9月考)40℃時(shí)，等質(zhì)量的兩份飽和石灰水，一份冷卻至1℃，另一份加少量CaO并保持溫度仍為40℃，這兩種情況都不改變的是( C)       

        A．Ca(OH)2的溶解度                          B．溶液的質(zhì)量

        C．溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)                           D．溶液中Ca2+數(shù)目

    33．(杭州儒林?育英高復(fù)學(xué)校9月考)下列物質(zhì)中，能夠?qū)щ姷碾娊赓|(zhì)是   （   B   ）       

    A．Cu絲         B．熔融的MgCl2     C．NaCl溶液       D．蔗糖

    34．(四川南充市2009高三9月考)下列微粒對(duì)水的電離平衡不產(chǎn)生影響的是( D )

          A．                B．                  C．                 D．

    35．(四川南充市2009高三9月考)氯氣溶于水達(dá)到平衡后，若其他條件不變，只改變某一條件，下列敘述正確的是( D )

          A．再通入少量氯氣，減小

          B．通人少量，溶液的漂白性增強(qiáng)

          C．加入少量固體NaOH，一定有

          D．加入少量固體NaCl，水的電離平衡向電離方向移動(dòng)

    36．(15分)

    (四川南充市2009高三9月考)某二元酸()在水中的電離方程式是：

    回答下列問(wèn)題：

    (1)判斷是強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)還是弱電解質(zhì)?                  ，理由是                  。

    (2)已知溶液中氫離子的物質(zhì)的量濃度應(yīng)               (填“>”、“<”或“=”)，理由是                 。

    (3)溶液顯                  (填“酸性”、“中性”或“堿性”)。理由是(用離子方程式表示)                   。NaHA液溶中離子濃度的大小順序是：                  。 

    (4)溶液和溶液能否發(fā)生反應(yīng)?                  ，能反應(yīng)的寫(xiě)出離子方程式

                        (如不能反應(yīng)此問(wèn)不答)

    答案：

     (1)強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)(2分)；因?yàn)?sub>的第一步電離是完全的。(2分)

    (2) <  (1分)因部分電離且第一步電離產(chǎn)生的，抑制了的電離(2分)

    (3)堿性(1分)，;  (2分) 

      (2分)  (不完全正確不給分)

    (4)能；(1 分) (2分)

    37. (09屆鹽城高三9月聯(lián)考)下列各組數(shù)據(jù)中，前者一定比后者大的是（B）

    A．常溫下，pH 相同的KOH溶液和K2CO3 溶液中由水電離出的c (OH－)

    B．物質(zhì)的量濃度均為0.1 mol?L－1的醋酸溶液和鹽酸中的pH

    C．0.1 mol?L－1的Na2CO3溶液中c (HCO3－)和c (OH－)

    D．中和pH與體積均相同的NaOH溶液和氨水，所消耗H2SO4的物質(zhì)的量

    38．某二元酸（H2A）按下式發(fā)生電離：H2A＝H++HA－；HA－ H++A2－。現(xiàn)有下列四種溶液：

    ① 0.01mol?L?1的H2A溶液

    ② 0.01mol?L?1的NaHA溶液

    ③ 0.02mol?L?1的HCl溶液與0.04mol?L?1的NaHA溶液等體積混合

    ④ 0.02mol?L?1的NaOH溶液與0.02mol?L?1的NaHA溶液等體積混合

    下列關(guān)于上述四種溶液的說(shuō)法正確的是( CD  )

    A．溶液②中存在水解平衡：HA―+H2O     H2A+OH―

    B．溶液③中有：c(HA－)+2c(A2－)=c(Na+)

    C．溶液④中有：c(OH－)=c(H+)+c(HA－)

    D．四種溶液中c(HA－)濃度大�。孩郏劲伲劲冢劲�

    39．已知溶液呈酸性、溶液呈堿性�，F(xiàn)有濃度均為0.1mol?的

    溶液和溶液，溶液中各粒子的物質(zhì)的量濃度存在下列關(guān)系(R表示S或

    C)，其中正確的是(BC　)。

    　　A．c()＞c()＞c()＞c()＞c()

    　　B．c()＋c()＝c()＋2c()＋c()

    　　C．c()＋c()＝c()＋c()

    　　D．兩溶液中c()、c()、c()分別相等

     

     

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