撫州一中高三第四次模擬考試
理科綜合 測(cè)試卷
注意事項(xiàng):
1.答第I卷選擇題時(shí),每小題選出答案后,用鉛筆把機(jī)讀卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答題標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。不能答在試卷上?忌鷦(wù)必將自己的姓名、考號(hào)、考試科目用2B的鉛筆涂寫在機(jī)讀卡上。
2.將第II卷非選擇題答在答題卷上。考試結(jié)束,考生將機(jī)讀卡和答題卷交回。
可能用到的數(shù)據(jù):H?
選擇題 (共21小題,每小題6分 共126分)
2009高考語文基礎(chǔ)題考前特別訓(xùn)練――系列試題( 7-9 )
第七套
1、下面加點(diǎn)的字讀音完全不相同的一組是 ( )
A.抹布 抹殺 抹桌子 拐彎抹角
B.溫和 和面 和牌 一唱一和
C.累贅 受累 連累 成千累萬
D.落枕 淪落 落幕 丟三落四
2、下面各組詞語中,沒有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.榮膺 渲染 人才倍出 蜂擁而來
B.樹陰 銷毀 委屈求全 遍體鱗傷
C.精粹 輯私 通宵達(dá)旦 針貶時(shí)弊
D.起訖 郵戳 好高務(wù)遠(yuǎn) 變本加厲
3.依次填入下面各句橫線上的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
(1)近年來,由于各級(jí)政府加大了治理中小學(xué)亂收費(fèi)現(xiàn)象的工作力度,多數(shù)地區(qū)亂收費(fèi)的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭得到了有效
(2)小說中的典型形象雖然有生活的 ,但仍屬于虛構(gòu)的形象。
(3)出了差錯(cuò),要多從自己身上找原因,不要老是埋怨別人, 責(zé)任。
(4)正確與錯(cuò)誤之間的 ,有時(shí)并不是一下子就能分清的。
A.遏止 原形 推脫 界限 B.遏制 原型 推脫 界限
C.遏止 原形 推托 界線 D.遏制 原型 推托 界線
4、下列加點(diǎn)的固定短語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
A.經(jīng)北京宣武醫(yī)院精心治療,香港鳳凰衛(wèi)視女主播劉海若在昏迷三個(gè)月后竟然起死回生,蘇醒過來并能開口說話了。
B.再過幾個(gè)月就要高中畢業(yè)了,三年時(shí)光,一千多個(gè)日日夜夜,好像漫長得長,可現(xiàn)在回頭一想,卻如白駒過隙一般。
C.他為人不錯(cuò),只是過于固執(zhí),喜歡鉆牛角尖,釘是釘,卯是卯,一點(diǎn)也不曉得變通。
D.報(bào)紙和讀者之間難以直接交流,電視則不同,當(dāng)面鼓對(duì)面鑼,可以與觀眾進(jìn)行直接對(duì)話。
5、下列句子中,沒有語病,句意明確的一句是 ( )
A.收集史料不容易,鑒定和運(yùn)用史料更不容易,中國過去大部分史學(xué)家主要精力就用在這方面。
B.當(dāng)前,國際反恐怖合作使帶有明顯恐怖主義色彩的“東突”勢(shì)力處境十分尷尬,一方面他們對(duì)本?拉登恐怖勢(shì)力被擊毀痛心不已,另一方面又不得不表示對(duì)美國軍事打擊的支持,試圖拉開其與本拉登恐怖勢(shì)力的距離。
C.如今的手機(jī)已不再是單純的通信工具,因而成為人們生活中的貼身伴侶,用來盡情表現(xiàn)個(gè)人品位。
D.21世紀(jì)的整個(gè)世界面臨技術(shù)革命的“第三次浪潮”,適者生存,誰不是強(qiáng)者,誰就不屬于這個(gè)時(shí)代。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
6、依次填入下面一段文字中橫線處的語句,與上下句銜接最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
以蘇東坡之才,治國經(jīng)邦都會(huì)有獨(dú)特的建樹,他任杭州太守期間的政績就是明證。
可是,他畢竟太富于詩人氣質(zhì)了,禁不住 ,結(jié)果總是得罪人。他的詩名 ,但他的五尺之軀 , ,他都照例不受歡迎。
[1]有感便發(fā),不平則鳴 [2]不平則鳴,有感便發(fā)
[3]流芳百世,冠絕一時(shí) [4]冠絕一時(shí),流芳百世
[5]卻容不了當(dāng)權(quán)派 [6]卻見容不了當(dāng)權(quán)派
[7]無論同黨秉政,還是政敵當(dāng)?shù)?nbsp; [8]無論政敵當(dāng)?shù),還是同黨秉政
A.[2][3][5][8] B.[1][3][6][7] C.[1][4][6][8] D.[2][4][5][7]
第七套答案
1 B/(依次讀為:hé huó hú hè。A .mā mǒ mā mò C. léi lèi lěi léi D. lào luò luò là )
2 D/ A倍―輩;B 屈―曲;C 輯―緝 貶―砭;D“務(wù)”、“騖”在這里通用。
3 B/(1)原形:原來的形狀,本來面目;原型:原來的類型或模型,特指文學(xué)作品中塑造人物形象所依據(jù)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的人。(2)遏止:用力阻止。遏制:制止。(3)推脫:推卸,推遲;推托:借故拒絕。(4)界線:兩個(gè)地區(qū)或不同事物之間的分界,彼此間有明顯的分隔;界限:分界,限度,多用于抽象事物。
4 B /白駒過隙,比喻時(shí)間過得很快。A 起死回生:指把快要死的人救活,形容醫(yī)術(shù)高明,不能指病人自己。C 釘是釘,卯是卯:喻做事認(rèn)真,常用于褒義。D 當(dāng)面鼓對(duì)面鑼:比喻面對(duì)面的談判或交換意見。
5 D/ A“這”指代不明。B 語序,“他們”位置不當(dāng)。C邏輯,上下句無充分的因果關(guān)系。
6 C
第八套
1、下列詞語中加點(diǎn)字的讀音完全正確的一組是 ( )
A.坯子(pī) 稂莠(láng) 裝模作樣(mú) 少安毋躁(shāo)
B.經(jīng)幢(chuáng) 標(biāo)識(shí)(shí) 扛鼎之作(gāng) 拾級(jí)而上(shè)
C.褊狹(biǎn) 掂量(liáng) 呼天搶地(qiāng) 疾風(fēng)勁草(jìng)
D.答應(yīng)(dá) 供職(gòng) 強(qiáng)詞奪理(qiǎng) 不著邊際(zhuó)
2、下列詞語中沒有錯(cuò)別字的一組是 ( )
A.辨證 揣摩 暮鼓晨鐘 格物致知 B.稟承 噩夢(mèng) 無事生非 固步自封
C.含蓋 擔(dān)擱 浮想聯(lián)篇 若即若離 D.告罄 撤消 顧名思義 兵慌馬亂
3、依次填入下列各句橫線的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]因?yàn)檫有別的事,經(jīng)理不得不提前離去,他離開前一再 我們要處理這起商品質(zhì)量糾紛,一定要給消費(fèi)者一個(gè)滿意的答復(fù)。
[2]由于交通事業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展, 為城鄉(xiāng)物資交流提供了更為有利的條件。
[3]這僅是你個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn),而且論據(jù)不充分,不能 別人接受。高考資源網(wǎng)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A.交待 從而 強(qiáng)制 B.交代 從而 強(qiáng)迫
C.交待 進(jìn)而 強(qiáng)制 D.交代 進(jìn)而 強(qiáng)迫
4、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的成語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫? ( )
A.病菌雖說是微不足道的,但它對(duì)人的危害卻是非常嚴(yán)重的。
B.為了寫這篇文章,劉教授查找文獻(xiàn),尋章摘句,做了上千張卡片,費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間和精力。
C.人非圣賢,孰能無過?犯點(diǎn)小錯(cuò)誤是在所難免的,也是不足為訓(xùn)的,關(guān)鍵是要吸取教訓(xùn)。
D.金三角的販毒分子,在從境外獲得輕武器補(bǔ)充后,如虎添翼,制毒更加猖狂。
5、下列各句中沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.經(jīng)調(diào)查,劉曉慶及其所辦的兩個(gè)有限公司自1996年以來,采取不列、少列收入,多利支出,虛假申報(bào),通知申報(bào)而拒不申報(bào),偷逃稅款1458.3萬元。
B.在滴水成冰的冬季,筑路大軍冒著料峭的北風(fēng)在工地上緊張地勞動(dòng)著。
C.使用300電話卡不需要專用的電話機(jī),如果能牢記自己的卡號(hào)和密碼您可以不必隨身攜帶300卡,因此它比磁卡和IC卡更加方便。
D.桐城派之所以“別樹一宗”并非由于清代文化政策或傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)力的支持影響,更重要的是因?yàn)樗睦碚摰暮侠硇浴?/p>
6.下列各句中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.這件事是讓你去做好呢?還是讓我去做好呢?
B.你要不斷進(jìn)步、識(shí)字、生產(chǎn)。
C.張華考上北京大學(xué),在化學(xué)系學(xué)習(xí);李萍進(jìn)了中等技術(shù)學(xué)校,讀機(jī)械制造專業(yè);我在百貨公司當(dāng)售貨員:我們都有光明的前途。
D.現(xiàn)代畫家徐悲鴻筆下的馬,正如有的評(píng)論家說的那樣,“形種兼?zhèn),充滿生機(jī)!
第八答案
1.C(A.shǎo B.zhì D.dā ) 2.A(B. 秉C.涵、耽、翩D.荒) 3.B 4.D(微不足道:微:細(xì),。蛔悖褐档;道:談起。微小得很,不值得一提。指意義、價(jià)值等小得不值得一提;尋章摘句:尋:找;章:篇章;摘:摘錄。舊時(shí)讀書人從書本中搜尋摘抄片斷語句,在寫作時(shí)套用。指寫作時(shí)堆砌現(xiàn)成詞句,缺乏創(chuàng)造性;不足為訓(xùn):足:夠得上;訓(xùn):法則,典范。不值得作為效法的準(zhǔn)則或榜樣;如虎添翼:好象老虎長上了翅膀。比喻強(qiáng)有力的人得到幫助變得更加強(qiáng)有力。) 5.C 6.C(A選擇問,第提個(gè)問號(hào)改為逗號(hào)。B兩個(gè)頓號(hào)改為逗號(hào)。D句號(hào)放在引號(hào)外。)
第九套
1、下列詞語中加點(diǎn)的字的讀音完全不相同的一組是 ( )
A.甲醛 蜷曲 詮釋 得魚忘筌 權(quán)宜之計(jì)
B.泥淖 拙笨 灼灼 卓爾不群 擢發(fā)難數(shù)
C.懶怠 瘌痢 水獺 春意闌珊 天籟之音
D.庇護(hù) 秕谷 臂膀 篳路藍(lán)縷 筆墨官司
2、下列句子中沒有錯(cuò)別字的一句是 ( )
A.我們不能墨守成規(guī),而要堅(jiān)持科學(xué)研究先行,及時(shí)開發(fā)新的美容化裝產(chǎn)品。
B.至少有如下兩點(diǎn)足可令人三思:第一,文學(xué)創(chuàng)作和市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作并非水火不相融;第二;文學(xué)創(chuàng)作絕對(duì)不是簡單的市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作。
C.翻開書卷,構(gòu)想那美麗的畫面,放縱自己的心隨主人公起起伏伏,想像主人公的音容笑貌,或遠(yuǎn)隔時(shí)空與作者對(duì)話,咀嚼文字中的言外之意,弦外之音,這是一種何等的享受!
D.他勸告那些不愿為公平競爭開綠燈的醫(yī)藥批發(fā)企業(yè),如果還抱殘守缺,只會(huì)“為淵驅(qū)魚,為叢驅(qū)鵲”,最終將失去市場(chǎng),無法生存。
3、依次填入下列各句橫線處的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]專家提醒消費(fèi)者,購買商品房一定要注意,對(duì)于“ ”,依據(jù)《合同法》相關(guān)規(guī)定,雙方有約定的按照約定執(zhí)行;如果無約定,經(jīng)營者違約時(shí)應(yīng)雙倍返還,消費(fèi)者違約時(shí)不予返還。
[2]既然稱作“中學(xué)生新概念作文選”,就要編得 中學(xué)生閱讀。
[3]來自中國銀監(jiān)會(huì)的信息顯示,四大銀行的上市時(shí)間表基本排定,并 以先海外、后國內(nèi)的順序進(jìn)行。
A.定金 合適 大概 B.訂金 合適 大致
C.定金 適合 大致 D.訂金 適合 大概
4、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的成語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫? ( )
A.一開盤,這只股票就一路狂跌,勢(shì)如破竹,使已經(jīng)遭受股市重重打擊的股民又雪上加霜。
B.我,15歲,一個(gè)中學(xué)三年級(jí)學(xué)生,在讀了許多報(bào)刊文學(xué)之后,心血來潮,見獵心喜,也學(xué)寫了一篇小說,冒失的向文學(xué)刊物投稿。
C.作者的這些散文,曾有十多篇在本報(bào)刊載過,因?yàn)槭艿皆S多讀者的喜愛,作者才連篇累牘地寫下去。
D.董事長,對(duì)您的好意,我只能敬謝不敏,因?yàn)槲矣凶灾,我做些具體的工作尚可,經(jīng)理一職實(shí)難勝任。
5、下列各句中沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.從古老的刀耕火種,到21世紀(jì)的現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品基地,悠長的歲月,教會(huì)了勤勞的松江人怎樣生活在這片土地上。
B.據(jù)了解,我市移動(dòng)電話部門針對(duì)春節(jié)期間手機(jī)短信密集發(fā)送,對(duì)今年發(fā)送量進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè),并事先做好相關(guān)準(zhǔn)備工作。
C.時(shí)下的店名和商品名在吸收外來詞時(shí),追求時(shí)髦,嘩眾取寵,令人費(fèi)解。這些叫人看不懂的名稱,只能讓人貽笑大方。
D.美國宇航局引以為豪的“勇氣”號(hào)火星車21日清晨突然發(fā)生故障,之后連續(xù)30小時(shí)不再向地面?zhèn)骰厝魏斡行畔,所有參與此項(xiàng)目的科學(xué)家全都各就各位晝夜不停地尋找解決故障的對(duì)策。
6、填入下列橫線處與上文銜接最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
這就是漢字,我的祖屋,我的家!我迷戀它雕梁畫棟的亭閣樓臺(tái),我更迷戀它朝暉夕陰中隸楷行草的萬千氣象:
[1]賞心悅目的,是耀眼的光箭穿過寬闊而幽深的甬道,照亮祖屋的身軀,優(yōu)雅而頎長;
[2]心馳神曳的,是光線將祖屋分明的棱角隱去,只留輕盈身姿,飄飄欲飛;
[3]令人陶醉的,是道道金輝,鋪撒祖屋的胸襟,舒展高貴,氣度雍容;
[4]最最攝魂奪魄的,當(dāng)是斑駁的樹影中,祖屋如龍蛇行走,曼妙莫測(cè)!
A.[1][2][3][4] B.[1][3][2] C. [2][4][1][3] D.[1][4][2][3]
第九套答案
1.C(A.甲醛(quán) 蜷(quán)曲 詮(quán)釋得魚忘筌(quán) 權(quán)(quán)宜之計(jì) B.泥淖(nào) 拙(zhuō)笨 灼(zhuó)灼 卓(zhuō)爾不群 擢(zhuó)發(fā)難數(shù) C.懶(lǎn)怠 瘌(là)痢 水獺(tǎ) 春意闌(lán)珊 天籟(lài)之音 D.庇(bì)護(hù) 秕(bǐ)谷 臂(bì)膀 篳(bì)路藍(lán)縷 筆(bǐ)墨官司)
2.C (A.“化裝”應(yīng)為“化妝” B.“水火不相融”應(yīng)為“水火不相容” D.“為淵驅(qū)魚,為叢驅(qū)鵲”應(yīng)為“為淵驅(qū)魚,為叢驅(qū)雀”)
3.C( 對(duì)于“定金”,依照《合同法》相關(guān)規(guī)定,雙方有約定的按照約定執(zhí)行;如果無約定,經(jīng)營者違約時(shí)“定金”雙倍返還,消費(fèi)者違約時(shí)“定金”不返還。至于“訂金”,目前法律沒有明確規(guī)定,可視為“預(yù)付款”,雙方有約定的按照約定執(zhí)行;如果無約定,經(jīng)營者違約時(shí)應(yīng)無條件退款,消費(fèi)者違約時(shí)可以要求經(jīng)營者退款。 “合適”的意思是符合實(shí)際情況或客觀要求,是形容詞;“適合”是符合(實(shí)際情況或客觀要求),是動(dòng)詞。兩個(gè)詞都有表符合的意思,但“適合”可以帶賓語,而“合適”不能帶賓語。 “大致”和“大概”都是副詞,表示推測(cè)語氣,用于對(duì)情況和數(shù)量的推測(cè)!按蟾拧痹诒硎就茰y(cè)語氣時(shí),比“大致”多偏重于猜測(cè),而不是肯定;“大致”在表示推測(cè)語氣時(shí),比 “大概”多偏重于肯定,而不是推測(cè)。)
4.D (A.勢(shì)如破竹比喻節(jié)節(jié)勝利,毫無阻礙。 B.見獵心喜特指一個(gè)人舊習(xí)難忘,一旦觸其所好,便有躍躍欲試之意。 C.連篇累牘是個(gè)貶義詞,形容文章篇幅冗長,語言羅嗦,內(nèi)容重復(fù)。 D.敬謝不敏,謝:推辭;不敏:不聰明,沒有才能。恭敬地表示能力不夠或不能接受。這是表示推辭的客氣話。)
5.D(A.從……到……,表示一個(gè)跨度,一個(gè)過程,“從”起始,“到”終了,前后應(yīng)是同類事物,如“從南到北”(空間)“從早到晚”(時(shí)間)“從播種到收割”(動(dòng)作行為)。本句卻是從“生產(chǎn)方式”到“產(chǎn)品基地”,前后關(guān)聯(lián)不到一起。B.缺少賓語,應(yīng)在“手機(jī)短信密集發(fā)送”后加上“的情況”。C.“貽笑大方”是讓內(nèi)行人笑話之意,重復(fù)。)
6.B.根據(jù)文中“隸楷行草”的順序和這四種字體的不同特點(diǎn)來排序。
www.ks5u.com
www.ks5u.com
(來源:高考資源網(wǎng))
撫州一中2009屆高三第四次模擬考試
語文試卷
命題人:高三語文備課組 考試時(shí)間:2009.5
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。共150分,考試時(shí)間150分鐘
第Ⅰ卷(選擇題 共36分)
2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期三校聯(lián)考
英 語 試 題
(滿分:150分 時(shí)間:100分鐘)
命題人:王淑平 張國英 彭文進(jìn)
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。
第I卷(共115分)
第一部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分55分)
第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,共15分)
1. ―Do you think I should join the singing group, Mary?
― If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.
A. None of your business. B. It depends.
C. Why not? D. I don’t think so.
2. Being good host takes more than helpful volunteers and building
nice stadiums. Well-behaved fans are face of
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the
3. People built a monument ________ those who died for the country.
A. in praise of B. in need of
C. in hope of D. in honor of
4. ―Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you?
― Why that early? I _____.
A. will be sleeping B. have slept C. have been sleeping D. will sleep
5. ______ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
6. A good cyclist can ______ a distance of over a hundred miles a day.
A. cover B. conquer C. confirm D. count
7.―How shall we do the scientific research?
―______, we’ll have to gather concerned information as much as possible.
A. After all B.To begin with C.In other words D.To be frank
8.Woman _____ Hillary Clinton is, she was bold enough to compete in the presidential campaign, 2008.
A. who B. like C. that D. as
9. English is a language that many young people around the world _____ not speak perfectly but _____ at least understand.
A. may; can B. would; might C. will; must D. could; might
10. When my hometown was _____ by the flood, the government sent food and medicine there by helicopter.
A. cut away B. cut down C. cut off D. cut up
11. ―Could you do me a favor?
― It depends on _____ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
12. Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories.
A.that B.those C.a(chǎn)ny D.some
13. ―Did the book give the information you needed?
― Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to finding B. find C. finding D. to find
14. ―___China successfully launched its first lunar probe Chang’e-1?
―On October 24, 2007.
A. When was it that B. Was it when that
C. When it is that D. It is when that
15. ― Learning a language isn’t easy. It takes time.
― I agree. _____. There’s no short cut.
A. Young idler, old beggar B. Rome wasn’t built in a day
C. Practice makes perfect D. Still waters run deep.
第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從16―35各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
My sister told me an inspiring story about what happened to her yesterday. As she was
He said, “Here’s a quarter you dropped, young lady.” My sister replied, “Oh I found mine, that 20 be yours.”
“No, I think it’s yours, I found it on the ground back there,” he assured(保證) her. “It’s not mine, why don’t you keep it. I have plenty at home, I collect 21 .”
“You do?” my sister asked. “What are you going to 22 them?”
“I
have over 9,000 quarters and I always 23 of driving across the country through the
Northern states and then down to
26 my sister called out to him, “Hey, wait!” She quickly ran up to him. “Don’t 27 on your dream of traveling. I know someone who took the train and had a lovely trip and met lots of nice people. 28 don’t you check it out!”
“Why I 29 thought of that,” the old man said, sounding hopeful of this new 30 . “I will definitely think about that and look 31 it. Thank you for telling me about that.”
“Phew,” my sister said to me as she 32 the story. “I just couldn’t see him giving up on his dream and buying a TV! I’m 33 I dropped that quarter today and I had the 34 to meet him.”
I am so 35 of my sister for taking time to listen and care.
16. A. entering B. leaving C. searching D. touring
17. A. bought B. fell C. found D. dropped
18. A. delight B. regret C. surprise D. sorrow
19. A. another B. other C. same D. different
20. A. must B. can C. might D. will
21. A. books B. TVs C. quarters D. stamps
22. A. do with B. live with C. deal with D. go with
23. A. expected B. dreamed C. spoke D. heard
24. A. much B. very C. so D. too
25. A. computer B. TV C. camera D. magazine
26. A. And B. So C. Then D. But
27. A. give in B. give up C. give away D. give back
28. A. Why B. How C. When C. Where
29. A. still B. always C. ever D. never
30. A. plan B. trick C. invention D. idea
31. A. after B. at C. into D. for
32. A. finished B. continued C. began D. stopped
33. A. sorry B. glad C. confident D. forgetful
34. A. right B. opportunity C. time D. reason
35. A. aware B. sure C. ashamed D. proud
第二部分:閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題3分,滿分60分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
When my friends went to college in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life. My spirit sank. Surrounded by strange classmates, I felt like I was in a maze and was sorry about myself. There were some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened, nervous and lonely.
To make matters worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me than I could bear. As a result, I was always feeling down during class time.
My teacher found me spiritless. One day he asked me to come to his office and told me about his attitude towards life: we might suffer from mistakes, but it’s important to learn lessons from them. All the pains and the embarrassing things we experience are part of the process. So keep up your spirit! At last, he added, “If you are optimistic, things you want may happen to you!”
Warmth rushed through my soul. I suddenly found the sun shining again when I stepped out of his office.
With the teacher’s help, I eventually got over my depression. From then on, I no longer bowed my head and began smiling to my classmates. I would put up my hand confidently in class and play with my new friends in my spare time. Meanwhile, I was gradually embraced by my classmates.
Now faced with fierce competition, we all study strenuously, and every second counts. Moreover, there is an atmosphere of mutual trust and respect between us. I love my class; I love my classmates!
To be frank, I still have a thirst for my dream university, but I’m not afraid of failure because I can profit by it. With parents and teachers’ great expectation, I’m quite certain of my success and I’m sure I can fly high.
36. Why did the teacher have a talk with the author?
A. He found the author in a bad mood.
B. He thought the author was very talkative.
C. It was his duty to talk to new students.
D. The author impressed him favorably.
37. What can we learn about the teacher from Paragraph 3?
A. He has once made some mistakes in his life.
B. He is very optimistic about his future success.
C. He instructs students to develop a positive attitude.
D. He thinks one can’t grow up without bad experiences.
38. The underlined word “embraced” (in Paragraph 5) can be replaced by “_______”.
A. hugged B. accepted C. understood D. recognized
39. The best title for the passage would be ________.
A. Challenges we face benefit us
B. It is hard to get over difficulty
C. Mutual understanding is critical
D. It is teachers who have saved our lives
B
Chinanews,
At 11 o’clock, the praying ceremony began. Dozens of monks entered the Hall of Sakyamuni(釋迦牟尼)in the temple to chant(吟頌) Buddhist scriptures. The ten young men and women followed these monks putting their palms together in Buddhist greeting. All of them wore a solemn look.
The young people came to the temple one day before the ceremony began in order to get familiar with the temple life. Some were business people and some were college teachers or office workers. They were the so-called “white collars”, usually making a relatively large income and yet having a busy work time table. At first, the temple turned down their request of living inside the temple. However, they finally succeeded in persuading the senior monks into letting them in to experience the temple life for a short period, said Reverend Benkong at the temple. “Before doing the chanting, we asked them to turn off their mobile phones and concentrate on Buddhist affairs,” said Rev. Benkong.
The white collars lived and ate in the same way as the real monks in the temple. After the chanting ceremony, the ten young people walked with the other monks into the dining room. The lunch was rather simple: a bowl of rice and a bowl of vegetable food. Everybody ate the same thing. Before the meal began, the ten young people once again put their palms together, closed their eyes and mediated for a while, just like the real monks did. At first, they could not get used to the hard temple life. Despite this, they did everything sincerely.
Before they came, many white collars had also called to the temple asking the abbot(主持) to allow them to experiece the religious life there. However, the abbot turned down their request because of not having enough space and facilities to accommodate them.“In future, we will try to provide some basic facilities for those who want to experience the religious life here,” said Rev. Benkong.
40. The special
group of the young people came to the
A. rich B. stressful C. free D. white collars
41. The underlined word “alleviate” in the first paragraph of the passage probably means “_____”.
A. increase B. relieve C. change D. stop
42. In the temple, the ten young people can _____.
A. turn on their mobile all the time B. move freely
C. live a comfortable life D. act as a real monk
43. What can we learn from the text?
A. All these people like the life in the temple.
B. They will live monk’s life forever.
C. Perhaps many more people come to the temple like these young people.
D. The temple will make more money.
C
Tips for First time Renters
Young people should know the basics of renting accommodation before they hand over their money.
◎Deal with agent: In many cases, you’ll have to work with an agent before finding an apartment, because they have all the information. Find a large, reputable property agent. Small agents (especially those that are unregistered), might cheat you by offering a good place with low rent. In many cases, they’ll ask for commission(傭金) before showing you the apartment. And they’ll raise the rent afterwards.
◎Before you rent: Make sure you read the rental agreement carefully and ask for advice about anything you don’t understand. Make sure that once you signed a rental contract, you receive a copy. Keep all the paperwork you receive, such as receipts for rent and paid bills. They are proof. If dispute arises, they will be vital.
◎Upfront costs: Moving into rental accommodation can be fairly expensive to start. You will usually be asked for three month’s rent in advance and a deposit(押金),which is one month’s rent. If the place is not fully furnished, you may have to buy things like a mattress, refrigerator and washing machine. You need to be financially prepared in advance.
◎Sharing with friends: If you intend to share an apartment with friends, make sure you discuss costs and possible house rules before you make a promise. There will be ongoing expense, so consider collecting separate contributions towards regular bills such as electricity, phone or gas. Put this money into a special purpose bank account.
◎Damage control: If any damage is made to your apartment either by you or your visitors, whether it is accidental or not, make sure you tell your landlord about it. Remember, you are required to leave the place in the same condition as when you moved in. You will have to pay for any damage that is not considered to be reasonable “wear and tear”.
◎Before you move out: You usually need to tell the landlord one month in advance. Clean your room (or apartment) before you leave. Ask for a refund (return) of your deposit.
44. Working with an agent is essential because he / she _____.
A. may offer you a good place with a low rent
B. knows where there are houses to rent
C. may ask the landlord for commission
D. will help you sign a favourable contract
45. If a landlord
charges you $
A. at least
$300 B.
at most $
46. How do you deal with regular bills when sharing an apartment?
A. Go Dutch B. Collect in advance C. Pay in turn D. Contribute separately
47. It is reasonable to keep _____.
A. all the paperwork you receive B. the apartment clean
C. the apartment as origin D. the idea of “wear and tear”
D
"Live uptown but work downtown" has been a popular lifestyle choice for many young Beijingers. However, a recent survey shows that some of them have moved or are planning to move back to the city's downtown area. What are their reasons?
Mr Tian has recently been
busy decorating his newly-bought second-hand apartment in downtown
But if he lives downtown, it not only saves him much of the energy and money that was spent on daily travel, but also he can have more time with his friends. That is why, Mr Tian says, two of his friends who bought homes in the city's outskirts(郊區(qū))are considering moving, too.
Actually, Mr Tian and his friends are not exceptional. A recent survey shows that 40 percent of Beijingers who own a home in the suburbs are planning to move back into the city. Xu Yiqing, a consultant from 5i5j Real Estate, analyzes their mentality. "Some people buy homes back in the city for their children's education. As most good schools are located downtown, it'll be easier for parents to drop off and pick up their kids if they live nearby. Others move back so that their aging parents will have easier access to good hospitals."
Now as their income is increasing, they are capable of
buying a home in the downtown area. And second-hand housing is usually what
most of these buyers are looking for. Compared to brand-new real estate
properties, second-hand housing generally occupies better locations and low
price. According to
the latest industry report, 30 percent of second-hand houses located close to
48. The best title for this passage should be______.
A. Housing Conditions in
B. Live Downtown and Work Downtown
C. Live Uptown but Work Downtown
D. A Recent Survey About Beijingers’Lifestyle
49. Which of the following is NOT the reasons why so many people now want to buy flats in downtown ?
A. It can save much of the energy and money spent on daily travel
B. They want their aging parents well taken care of.
C. Their increasing income makes it possible for them to buy a home in downtown.
D. They want to make a fortune and keep up with Beijingers’ lifestyle
50. The advantages of second-hand housing include all the following except_____.
A. better locations B. peaceful and quiet environment
C. convenience D. low price
51. It can be inferred from the text that .
A. living downtown and working downtown has been a trend in
B. brand-new apartments will gain more markert than second-hand houses in future
C. no suburban homeowners can
afford to buy
D.most of second-hand houses are are being purchased by suburban homeowners.
E
Sorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelty young age of 30.It used to be thought that this couldn't be helped, but new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to work faster."Your brain is a learning machine," says University of California scientist Dr.Michael Merzenich.Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger.All that's required is the practice designed just for the purpose: a few exercises for the mind.
Merzenich has developed a computer-based training method to speed up the process in which the brain deals with information (positscience.com).Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to better speed and accuracy (準(zhǔn)確性).
Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds (between "dog" and "bog", for example) at an increasingly faster speed.It's a bit like tennis instructor, says Merzenich, hitting balls at you -faster and faster to keep you challenged(受到挑戰(zhàn)).You may start out slow, but before long you're pretty quick.
The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.And it may even speed up while in the process.
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge, doing crossword puzzles, learning a language....“When it comes to preventing aging, you really do ‘use it or lose it’ ,” says Barbara Sahakian, professor at Cambridge University.
52.Dr.Merzenich’s training method mainly depends on ________.
A.speech training B.computer languages
C.the activities one joins in D.the information being dealt with
53.By saying "the brain at any age is highly plastic ", the writer probably means the brain can be______.
A.used B.mastered C.developed D.researched
54.What can we learn from the text?
A.Practice makes a quick mind.
B.Brain research started ten yeas ago.
C.Dr. Merzenich is a scientist in computer,
D.People believed nothing could stop the brain slowing down.
55.Which of the following agrees with the writer's idea?
A.The training methods work better for the old.
B.People should use the brain to stop it from aging.
C.The training of the brain should start at an early age.
D.It's necessary to take part in as many activities as possible.
第II卷(共35分)
第三部分:寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)
第一節(jié):短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
此題要求改正所給短文的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷:如無錯(cuò)誤,在該行右邊橫線上劃一個(gè)勾(√);如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤),則按下列情況改正:該行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。該行缺一個(gè)詞:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。 注意:原行沒有錯(cuò)的不要改。
Liu Xiang was honored to participate on the 2008 Olympic 56_____
Games, so it was far from an easy thing to become a champion. 57_____
Not until he started to run did he realize the pain on his 58_____
left foot, so he had to give up the chances. After 59_____
dropping out of the competition, he was full of sad. 60_____
At the same time, even if someone made fun of him. 61_____
Luckily, many people gave his a lot of encouragement. 62_____
He explain that if his foot hadn’t pained, 63_____
he would have get the No.1. At last he 64_____
made up his mind never let his fans down. 65_____
第二節(jié). 書面表達(dá)(共25分)
在緊張的高三備考階段,你
?不要教得太快,留足思考時(shí)間; ?反復(fù)訓(xùn)練重要、易錯(cuò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn);
?指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)方法; ?減少作業(yè)量以保證質(zhì)量;
?多鼓勵(lì)我們.
注意:
1. 不要按提示逐句翻譯,可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況適當(dāng)調(diào)整細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
2. 詞數(shù):100-120(開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)).
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you are willing to share our views.
In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours ever,
Li Hua
2008---2009學(xué)年度高三第一次三校聯(lián)考英語答案
單項(xiàng)選擇
1―5 CDDAC 6―10 ABDAC 11―15 CADAB
完形填空
16-20: BDCAA 21-25: CABDB
26-30: CBADD 31-35: CABBD
閱讀理解
A篇 36―39 ACBA B篇 40―43 BBDC
C篇 44―47 BCBC D篇 48―51 BDBA
E 篇52―55 ACDB
短文改錯(cuò)
56. on---in 57.so---but 58.正確 59.chances―chance 60.sad―sadness 61 去掉if 62 his---him 63explain ---explained 64get---got 65 never 后 加 to
書面表達(dá)
One possible version:
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you are willing to share our views.
In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you know, we didn’t learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down your teaching and make sure we have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more time to think for ourselves. As for those difficult and key points, please give us more practice in case we forget. Meanwhile, we need your instruction, for example, in how to write in good English. I still have another request: give us less homework in order that we can do it better.
By the way, we often feel discouraged, which has a very bad effect on our study. We would appreciate it if you could give us more encouragement from time to time.
Yours ever,
Li Hua
2009高考語文基礎(chǔ)題考前特別訓(xùn)練――系列試題( 4-6 )
第四套
1、下列各組詞語中加點(diǎn)字的讀音,與所給注音全都相同的一組是 ( )
A.猙獰zhēng 諍言 掙脫 崢嶸歲月 鐵骨錚錚
B.撩撥liáo 潦倒 燎原 眼花繚亂 寥若晨星
C.慳吝qiān 殲滅 虔誠 潛移默化 阡陌縱橫
D.緝拿jī 編輯 作揖 羈旅生涯 疾言厲色
2、下列各組詞語中,有兩個(gè)錯(cuò)別字的一組是 ( )
A.積腋成裘 猝不及防 曲突徙薪 群賢必至
B.瓦釜雷鳴 歪風(fēng)邪氣 目光如聚 鋌而走險(xiǎn)
C.優(yōu)柔寡斷 源遠(yuǎn)流長 鐘靈毓秀 常年累月
D.自立更生 遺笑大方 弱不經(jīng)風(fēng) 氣勢(shì)兇兇
3、依次填入下面橫線處的詞語,恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]勇往直前的汩汩泉水相信,在歲月的過濾與滌蕩下自己將永遠(yuǎn)一脈 。
[2]由于擺脫了功利之爭,田園山水詩人便有了一種恬靜 的心境。
[3]時(shí)間的長河無影無形,看不見摸不著,每天都在悄無聲息地 。
A.清瑩 淡薄 流失 B.輕盈 淡泊 流失
C.輕盈 淡薄 流逝 D.清瑩 淡泊 流逝
4、下列句子中,加點(diǎn)成語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫? ( )
A.全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)需要的是實(shí)干家,而不需要那些大巧若拙的智叟式的人物。
B.在俄羅斯流光溢彩的古典文學(xué)長廊里,有不少卷帙浩繁的文學(xué)名著值得我們流連。
C.百位知名學(xué)者十余年來殫精竭慮,通力合作,《現(xiàn)代漢語規(guī)范詞典》終于問世了。
D.工作缺乏通盤考慮,目無全牛,顧此失彼,這是許多人干不好工作的重要原因。
5、下列各句中,沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.我出國的時(shí)候,父親送給我的那套石印的前四史,充塞了我的半個(gè)行囊。
B.我區(qū)作為國家基礎(chǔ)教育課程首批改革38個(gè)試驗(yàn)區(qū),從今年起進(jìn)行課改實(shí)驗(yàn)。
C.他的畫作風(fēng)格清新,色彩豐富,色調(diào)和諧,得到畫界及評(píng)論界的一致好評(píng)。
D.我國古代,為區(qū)別韻文和駢文,凡不押韻、不重對(duì)偶和排比的散體文章,一律稱之為散文
6、接在下面這句話后邊,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M句子是 ( )
“懸念教學(xué)”相對(duì)于“平鋪直敘法”“注入法”教學(xué)而言, 。
A.不是把知識(shí)硬灌給學(xué)生,而是著眼于激活學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī),使學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)成為學(xué) 生本身的心理需要,讓學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地思維。
B.不是把知識(shí)硬灌給學(xué)生,而是著眼于激活學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī),讓學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地 思維,使學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)成為學(xué)生本身的心理需要。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C.是著眼于激活學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī),而不是把知識(shí)硬灌給學(xué)生,使學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)成為學(xué) 生本身的心理需要,讓學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地思維。
D.是著眼于激活學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī),而不是把知識(shí)硬灌給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地 思維,使學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)成為學(xué)生本身的心理需要。
第四套答案
1.B(A諍、掙zhèg;C殲jiān;D輯、疾jí,揖yī)
2.A(A集、畢,B炬,C長,D貽、禁、洶)
3.D
4.C(大巧若拙:拙:笨。指真正聰明的人,不顯露自己,從表面看,好象笨拙;卷帙浩繁:卷帙:書籍或書籍的篇章。形容書籍很多或一部書的部頭很大;殫精竭慮:殫:竭盡;慮:思慮。形容用盡心思;目無全牛:全牛:整個(gè)一頭牛。眼中沒有完整的牛,只有牛的筋骨結(jié)構(gòu)。比喻技術(shù)熟練到了得心應(yīng)手的境地。)
5.C(A充塞:塞滿;填滿。B“實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)”后加“之一”。D“區(qū)別”后加“于”
6.A
第五套
1、下列各組詞語中加點(diǎn)的字的讀音,完全相同的一組是 ( )
A.悄寂 譏誚 春寒料峭 行情走俏
B.憧憬 沖壓 憂心忡忡 首當(dāng)其沖
C.當(dāng)今 當(dāng)權(quán) 螳臂當(dāng)車 罰不當(dāng)罪
D.差距 差勁 差可告慰 差強(qiáng)人意
2、下列句子中,沒有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.慧星 收訖 挺而走險(xiǎn) 振聾發(fā)饋
B.匯編 狙擊 急公好義 彪炳春秋
C.躊躇 逼仄 既往不糾 縱橫捭闔
D.潦倒 棉密 勵(lì)精圖治 敝帚自珍
3、依次填入橫線處的詞語,恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]因?yàn)樾枰獙?duì)舉證再進(jìn)行科學(xué)論證,為罹患“海灣戰(zhàn)爭綜合癥”的退役士兵提供法律援
助的律師團(tuán)希望原告暫時(shí) 訴訟。
[2]這是一條公理:財(cái)富只能毀滅崇高的理想和善良的氣質(zhì),倘若它只 在個(gè)人的利益上面。
[3]市人大常委會(huì)秘書處及時(shí) 各區(qū)縣分會(huì)場(chǎng)代表的質(zhì)詢意見,分門別類送交各主管委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)人。
A.撤回 消耗 收集 B.撤消 消耗 搜集
C.撤回 消費(fèi) 搜集 D.撤消 消費(fèi) 收集
4、下列各句中,加點(diǎn)的成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫? ( )
A.美軍坦克進(jìn)入巴格達(dá)的時(shí)候,伊拉克的武裝力量幾乎放棄了抵抗;幾天后,薩達(dá)姆平時(shí)最信任的貼身保鏢和護(hù)衛(wèi)也大多作鳥獸散。
B.有人開玩笑說:“猶太金融資本家在豪宅客廳里打個(gè)噴嚏,世界上不少銀行都將連鎖感冒!边@可不是駭人聽聞,他們?cè)谌蛘谓?jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的作用確實(shí)非常之大。
C.健全國內(nèi)的反腐倡廉機(jī)制是有效阻止貪官外逃的治本之策,而一味希圖靠外力拿辦貪官則是舍本逐末,斷不可取。
D.臺(tái)灣民進(jìn)黨上臺(tái)以來,提出的經(jīng)濟(jì)舉措名目繁多,“拼經(jīng)濟(jì)”拼得人們眼花繚亂,但定睛一看,這不過是為推行“臺(tái)獨(dú)”而造勢(shì)罷了。
5、下列句子中,沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.別開生面的元宵聯(lián)誼會(huì),使秦山核電站三期工程的20多名外籍專家歆享了中國“上元節(jié)”的喜慶與祥和。
B.鑒于這些工作人員長期負(fù)責(zé)某一系統(tǒng)的財(cái)務(wù)審計(jì),形成了一種穩(wěn)定的施審與受審關(guān)系,難免違規(guī)交往。
C.記者獲悉:截至2月4日,全國鐵路春運(yùn)29天內(nèi)發(fā)送旅客量比去年同期增長4.4%, 達(dá)到1.0137億人次。
D.偉大的航海家鄭和七下西洋所率領(lǐng)的船隊(duì)誕生地南京,將建造當(dāng)年航海寶船工廠的遺址,預(yù)計(jì)兩年完成一期工程。
6.依次填入橫線上的語句,順序組合最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
康有為和章炳麟描繪孔子, , ,但都出于要求中國進(jìn)步的渴望。 。 , , 。
[1]他們的造假目的是為了克服前進(jìn)路上的思想障礙
[2]造假原旨相同
[3]而視堅(jiān)持“從歷史說明歷史”的做法為迂腐
[4]形象命意相反
[5]激進(jìn)的青年因之往往輕易相信他們編造的幻想
[6]他們的毛病恰好造成了他們的影響
A.[2][4][6][1][3][5] B.[4][2][1][5][3][6] C.[2][4][1][3][5][6] D.[4][2][6][1][5][3]
第五套答案
1.C(A悄qiǎo,B沖chòng壓,D差chà勁)
2.B(A鋌、聵,C咎,D綿)
3.A
4.B(鳥獸散:形容成群的人象鳥獸逃散一樣紛亂地散去(多形容敵人潰逃);駭人聽聞:駭:震驚。使人聽了非常吃驚、害怕;舍本逐末:舍:舍棄;逐:追求。拋棄根本的、主要的,而去追求枝節(jié)的、次要的。比喻不抓根本環(huán)節(jié),而只在枝節(jié)問題上下功夫;眼花繚亂:繚亂:紛亂?粗鴱(fù)雜紛繁的東西而感到迷亂。也比喻事物復(fù)雜,無法辨清。)
5.C (A項(xiàng),“使”字后面應(yīng)加“援建”一詞。B刪“鑒于”。D“建造”“遺址”不搭配)6.D
第六套
1、下列詞語中加點(diǎn)的字的讀音完全相同的一組是 ( )
A.旌旗 遒勁 粳米 兢兢業(yè)業(yè) 涇渭分明
B.罹難 迤邐 陰霾 酣暢淋漓 管窺蠡測(cè)
C.薈萃 市儈 污穢 膾炙人口 繪聲繪色
D.熹微 膝蓋 奚落 心有靈犀 悉心照料
2、下列詞語中沒有錯(cuò)別字的一組是 ( )高考資源網(wǎng)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A.斡旋 蠅營狗茍 不容置喙 口慧而實(shí)不至
B.剽竊 未雨綢繆 故技重演 英雄所見略同
C.貿(mào)然 向隅而泣 炙手可熱 在地愿為連理枝
D.聯(lián)袂 毋用置疑 摩肩接踵 達(dá)則兼濟(jì)天下
3、依次填入下列各句橫線處的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]阿Q這個(gè)人物也是有生活 的,更重要的是他反映了那個(gè)時(shí)代國民精神的一些弊病。
[2]屈原披頭散發(fā),形容枯槁,神情悲愴,他 于汨羅江畔,放不下故國熱土和自己永遠(yuǎn)摯愛的人民。
[3]列夫?托爾斯泰說過,愛的嫩芽是細(xì)弱的, 長起來的時(shí)候,它 強(qiáng)大無比,所以必須精心呵護(hù)。
A.原形 留連 只要/就 B.原型 留連 只有/才
C.原形 留戀 只要/就 D.原型 留戀 只有/才
4、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的成語使用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫? ( )
A.這里領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的作風(fēng)急需改變,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)取得的成績宣傳不遺余力,對(duì)存在的缺點(diǎn)卻諱莫如深,不愿意深入檢查反思。
B.想象是一雙美麗的翅膀:音樂無形,卻能使人蕩氣回腸;話語無色,卻能給人姹紫嫣紅的風(fēng)光。
C.社會(huì)進(jìn)步了,生活水平提高了,我們不用過簞食瓢飲的日子,但那種一擲千金的“豪爽”也是我們應(yīng)該唾棄的。
D.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)最需要扎扎實(shí)實(shí)的循序漸進(jìn),不下苦功夫想一蹴而就是不可能的。
5、下列各句中沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.對(duì)于這種侵害顧客利益的行為,商場(chǎng)負(fù)責(zé)人拒不認(rèn)錯(cuò),于是幾位顧客只好狀告法院,以求公正。
B.有時(shí)候示弱不是一種軟弱的表現(xiàn),相反卻可稱作是一種人生的智慧和清醒令人感慨的。
C.越來越多的下崗職工憑著再就業(yè)的優(yōu)惠政策走上了創(chuàng)業(yè)之路,他們把國家貼息貸款的將近一半以上作為創(chuàng)業(yè)的啟動(dòng)資金。
D.據(jù)報(bào)道,北京將投資167億元擴(kuò)建首都機(jī)場(chǎng),備受關(guān)注的首都機(jī)場(chǎng)新航站區(qū)建筑方案中標(biāo)方案為具備世界一流機(jī)場(chǎng)的建筑功能和特色的B方案。
6、下列句子中標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的使用,正確的一句是 ( )
A.“我國平民本來就沒有什么臉可講,”林語堂先生幽默地說,“還是請(qǐng)貴人自動(dòng)丟臉吧,以促法制之實(shí)現(xiàn),而躋國家于太平!
B.大幕徐徐拉開了,琴聲――這飽含情韻,暢快傾訴的心語悠揚(yáng)地飛翔在劇場(chǎng)中,縈繞在每個(gè)人的耳畔。
C.北大方正的創(chuàng)始人王選把科技領(lǐng)域里的人才喻為三類:指兔子的人,打兔子的人,撿兔子的人,他自認(rèn)為是第二種人。
D.作為物候?qū)W的專門研究者,他總是認(rèn)真觀察:哪天桃花了?哪天柳絮飛了?哪天布谷鳥叫了?
第六套答案
1.D(A“勁”讀jìng,其余讀jīng;B“邐”讀lǐ,“霾”讀mái,其余讀lí;C“儈”、“膾”讀kuài,其余讀huì。)
2.C(A慧―惠 B 技―伎 D用―庸)
3.B(原形:原來的形狀,本來的面目。原型:原來的類型或模型,特指敘事性文學(xué)作品中塑造人物形象所依據(jù)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的人。留連:留戀不讓,舍不得離去的情態(tài)。留戀:不忍舍棄或離開。只要/就:表充足的條件。只有/才:表必需的條件。)
4.B(諱莫如深:諱:隱諱;深:事件重大。原意為事件重大,諱而不言。后指把事情隱瞞得很緊;姹紫嫣紅:形容各種好看的花;簞食瓢飲:一簞食物,一瓢飲料。形容讀書人安于貧窮的清高生活;一蹴而就:蹴:踏;就:成功。踏一步就成功。比喻事情輕而易舉,一下子就成功。)
5.D(A成分殘缺,應(yīng)在“狀告”后加“于”。B結(jié)構(gòu)混亂,應(yīng)去掉“令人感慨”或把“令人感慨的”放置“一種”后。C表意不明,去掉“以上”或“將近”。)
6.A(B在“心語”后加破折號(hào)或逗號(hào)。C“他”前面的逗號(hào)改為句號(hào)。D前兩個(gè)問號(hào)應(yīng)改為逗號(hào),后一個(gè)問號(hào)改為句號(hào))。www.ks5u.com
(來源:高考資源網(wǎng))
撫州一中2009屆高三第四次模擬考試
文 綜 試 卷
考試日期:2009-5
本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分,滿分300分,考試時(shí)間150分鐘。
第Ⅰ卷(選擇題140分)
2009高考語文基礎(chǔ)題考前特別訓(xùn)練――系列試題(1-3 )
第一套
1、下列各項(xiàng)中加點(diǎn)字的讀音全都正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.鏖(áo)戰(zhàn) 跛(bǒ)腳 鞭笞(chī) 三年五載(zǎi)
B.瀕(bīn)臨 骷(gū)髏 嗚咽(yè) 觥(gōng)籌交錯(cuò)
C.不啻(dì) 皈(guī)依 枕藉(jí) 怙惡不悛(quān)
D.桎梏(kù) 船舷(xián) 星宿(xiù) 同仇敵愾(kài)
2、下列各項(xiàng)中沒有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.磨煉 門可羅鵲 怡然 毅然決然 B.寒喧 立竿見影 報(bào)怨 以德報(bào)怨
C.切磋 食不果腹 慌亂 兵荒馬亂 D.針灸 心悅臣服 相親 文人相輕
3、使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符合全都正確的一句是 ( )
A.既然是漢語,就與漢民族、中華民族緊密相聯(lián)。中學(xué)語文要不要突出民族傳統(tǒng)?我以為是無須設(shè)問的
B.臺(tái)灣與大陸,同根同源、同文同種,為了民族的利益,兩岸應(yīng)盡快攜起手來。
C.朱自清筆下的“荷塘月色”,體現(xiàn)了朱自清心中追求的美好精神境界。
D.李煜的詞“問君能有幾多愁?恰似一江春水向東流!庇谩耙唤核北扔鞒钪,愁之綿綿無盡,生動(dòng)形象,概括性又極強(qiáng)。
4、依次填入下列各句橫線處最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M詞語是 ( )
[1]外交部長李肇星專門指示鄧清波總領(lǐng)事要盡一切力量,盡快 中國遇難者身份。
[2]深圳市鼓勵(lì)有條件的企業(yè)對(duì) 員工實(shí)行內(nèi)部退養(yǎng)。
[3]美國白宮10日反駁了民主黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人 布什在越南戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期曾“擅離職守”的指責(zé)。
A.核實(shí) 富余 有關(guān) B.核定 富余 關(guān)于
C.核實(shí) 富裕 關(guān)于 D.核定 富裕 有關(guān)
5、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的詞語使用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( )
A.我們有很多遺產(chǎn)管理者太急功近利,他們把遺產(chǎn)定性為旅游資源,進(jìn)行竭澤而漁式的開發(fā),這是一種極不負(fù)責(zé)的行為。
B.他是一位學(xué)貫中西、通曉古今的學(xué)者,在學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)上,每每能發(fā)表讓人印象深刻的一孔之見。
C.一遭被蛇咬,十年怕井繩。自從老師因?yàn)樗险n不認(rèn)真聽講而批評(píng)了他,這一段時(shí)間他再也不敢在課堂上講話了。
D.老張用審視的目光看了一眼小李,然后淡淡一笑,話語中帶著一種捫心自問的悔意。
6、下列句子中沒有語病的一句是 ( )
A.走進(jìn)九寨溝,如同進(jìn)入仙境,那充滿詩情畫意的自然風(fēng)貌把我陶醉了。
B.腐敗已成為社會(huì)的毒瘤,反腐敗的問題是全社會(huì)的公民都高度關(guān)注、深惡痛絕的。
C.農(nóng)村改革的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)城市的要求,為城市為重點(diǎn)的整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革提供了極為有利的條件。
D.改革進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān)階段之后,面臨著一系列深層次的重大思想理論問題,它們是中國改革和發(fā)展進(jìn)程中出現(xiàn)的帶有全局性的重大問題。
答案:1.A(B.kū C.chì D.gù) 2.C(A.雀B.暄D.誠) 3.C(A問號(hào)改為逗號(hào);B頓號(hào)改為逗號(hào);D去掉引文的句號(hào),引號(hào)后可用逗號(hào)。) 4.A 5.A(A竭澤而漁: 澤:池、湖。掏干了水塘捉魚。比喻取之不留余地,只圖眼前利益,不作長遠(yuǎn)打算。也形容反動(dòng)派對(duì)人民的殘酷剝削。B一孔之見: 從一個(gè)小窟窿里所看到的。比喻狹隘片面的見解。D捫心自問: 摸著胸口,自己問自己怎么樣。指自己反省。) 6.D(A“把”字改為“讓”;B“反腐敗的問題”與“深惡痛絕”不能搭配,C“城市為重點(diǎn)”缺介詞“以”。)
第二套
1、下列加點(diǎn)字的讀音全都不相同的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.罷黜 茁壯 咄咄怪事 相形見絀
B.磨礪 勉勵(lì) 晴天霹靂 老驥伏櫪
C.揣度 祥瑞 急湍甚箭 惴惴不安
D.飴糖 怠慢 貽笑大方 百戰(zhàn)不殆
2、下列各組詞語中沒有錯(cuò)別字的一項(xiàng)是 ( 。
A.疏! 竣工 以儆效尤 不能越雷池一步
B.獎(jiǎng)掖 賦與 翻然醒悟 小不忍則亂大謀
C.滄! 就序 徇私枉法 樹欲靜而風(fēng)不止
D.隱患 蜇伏 韜光養(yǎng)晦 溫良恭儉讓
3、依次填入下列各句橫線上的詞語,最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是 ( 。
[1]如果陳水扁冥頑不化,一意孤行,制造“臺(tái)獨(dú)” ,必將給臺(tái)灣人民帶來深重災(zāi)難。
[2]政績是一個(gè)干部在為人民服務(wù)的過程中,發(fā)揮自己的聰明才智所創(chuàng)造的 。
[3]我 認(rèn)為城市的標(biāo)志性建筑一定能對(duì)整個(gè)城市的形象和經(jīng)濟(jì)有多大的改變, 城市標(biāo)志性建筑及其周圍的交通環(huán)境能在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出城市的人文美學(xué)特征。
A.事變 績效 不是/但是 B.事端 業(yè)績 不但/而且
C.事端 績效 不但/而且 D.事變 業(yè)績 不是/但是
4、下列各組加點(diǎn)的熟語,使用不正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( 。
A.“唐裝熱”迅速流行,激活了江南絲綢服裝產(chǎn)業(yè),使不少企業(yè)逢兇化吉,出現(xiàn)了少有的勃勃生機(jī)。
B.有些人雖想靠“題海戰(zhàn)術(shù)”來提高學(xué)習(xí)成績,這有點(diǎn)像沙里淘金,是得不償失的。
C.那時(shí)他雖已被撤職罷官,但是“身在江湖,心馳魏闕”,仍心關(guān)心國家大事,關(guān)注政局的變化。
D.如果政府的官員對(duì)普通民眾的疾苦視而不見,聽而不聞,那么這樣的官員要他何用?
5、下列各句標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( 。
A.愛因斯坦說:“想象力比知識(shí)更重要,因?yàn)橹R(shí)是有限的,而想象力概括著世界上的一切,推動(dòng)著進(jìn)步;并且是知識(shí)進(jìn)化的源泉!
B.巫峽像一條迂回曲折的畫廊,每一曲,每一折,都像一幅極好的風(fēng)景畫,神奇而秀美――現(xiàn)在卻看不到這畫廊了。
C.《鴻門宴》節(jié)選自司馬遷的《史記?項(xiàng)羽本紀(jì)》,我們讀完了這篇課文,卻不知到何處才能找到《史記》?學(xué)校圖書館的書太少。
D.難道說工期緊,任務(wù)重,難度大,就可以不顧工程的質(zhì)量而隨意改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)方案嗎?
6、下列各句中意思明確,沒有語病的一句是 ( 。
A.在大量廣告的影響下,一些家長期望通過使用補(bǔ)品來增長孩子的智力,這就陷入了子女教育的誤區(qū)。
B.世界水文專家協(xié)會(huì)主席來歇爾曾披露:全世界至少有五萬人每天死于由水污染引起的各種疾病。
C.這次來訪的外國俱樂部足球隊(duì)讓我們青年隊(duì)員上了很好的一課,恐怕他們終生難忘
這次比賽。
D.宋代以來,歐陽修的《醉翁亭記》、蘇軾的《石鐘山記》、劉基的《賣柑者言》等作品有積極的思想傾向,因而文筆清新,耐人尋味。
答案:1.C(A項(xiàng)黜、絀都讀chù,D項(xiàng)飴、貽讀yí) 2.A(B項(xiàng)“與”應(yīng)為“予”,C項(xiàng)序一緒,D項(xiàng)蜇一蟄) 3.D(事變,重大變故) 4.A(A逢兇化吉: 逢:遭遇;兇:不幸;吉:吉利、吉祥。遇到兇險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為吉祥、順利。這是帶有迷信的說法。B沙里淘金:淘:用水沖洗,濾除雜質(zhì)。從沙里淘出黃金。比喻好東西不易得。也比喻做事費(fèi)力大而收效少。也比喻從大量的材料里選擇精華。C身在江湖,心懸魏闕:魏闕:古代宮門外高大的建筑,用作朝廷的代稱。舊指解除官職的人,仍惦記著進(jìn)朝廷的事。后常用以諷刺迷戀功名寶貴的假隱士。) 5.B(A項(xiàng)分號(hào)應(yīng)改用逗號(hào),C項(xiàng)問號(hào)應(yīng)改用句號(hào),D項(xiàng)前兩個(gè)逗號(hào)應(yīng)改用頓號(hào)) 6.A(B項(xiàng)語序不當(dāng),C項(xiàng)“讓”應(yīng)改為“給”,D項(xiàng)無因果交系,應(yīng)刪去“因而”)
第三套
1、下列加點(diǎn)字的讀音全都正確的一組是 ( )
A.躋(jī)身 敷(fū)衍 媲(pì)美 餓殍(piǎo)遍野
B.娉(pīng)婷 寒磣(chen) 諳(ān)熟 提綱挈(xié)領(lǐng)
C.震懾(shè) 服膺(yīng) 鞭撻(tà) 踽踽(yǔ)獨(dú)行
D.炫(xuàn)耀 逮(děi)捕 縝(zhěn)密 櫛(zhì)風(fēng)沐雨
2、下列各組詞語中,沒有錯(cuò)別字的一組是 ( )
A.斡旋 互相推諉 交插學(xué)科 望風(fēng)披靡
B.脈搏 不可思議 不揣冒昧 進(jìn)退維谷
C.焦燥 草菅人命 嘩眾取寵 青春永駐
D.怠慢 未雨綢繆 察顏觀色 沽名釣譽(yù)
3、依次填入下列各句橫線處的詞語,恰當(dāng)?shù)囊唤M是 ( )
[1]陳老師說,這部著作雖語言直白,但內(nèi)容 ,中學(xué)生現(xiàn)在還難以理解。
[2]睡前適量的運(yùn)動(dòng)可以分散注意力,使緊張的精神 下來,有利于睡眠。
[3]昨晚,湖北武當(dāng)山突發(fā)大火,有著千年歷史的遇真宮主殿 化為灰燼。
A.艱深 松弛 頓時(shí) B.艱澀 松弛 馬上
C.艱澀 松懈 馬上 D.艱深 松懈 頓時(shí)
4、下列各句中加點(diǎn)的成語,使用正確的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.有的人真心地宣傳科學(xué)啟蒙民眾,也有的人利用科學(xué)以售其奸,一時(shí)間,令人真假難辨,莫衷一是。
B.我們公司的燈光設(shè)計(jì)師,在室內(nèi)燈光設(shè)計(jì)大賽中拿過一等獎(jiǎng),他的設(shè)計(jì)一定會(huì)讓您的新居蓬篳生輝。
C.盡管這部影片的故事情節(jié)和演員的表演都很難讓人滿意,但瑕不掩瑜,它的音樂仍深得觀眾喜愛。
D.林林自衛(wèi)失手致人死命,的確有罪,但罪不當(dāng)死;判林林死刑,量刑過重,罰不當(dāng)罪,同樣有損法律的公正。
5、下列各句中,沒有語病、表意清楚的一項(xiàng)是 ( )
A.周谷誠先生早年積極投身“五四”運(yùn)動(dòng),所以最終成為了蜚聲海內(nèi)外的著名學(xué)者和歷史學(xué)家。
B.本文是作者于2003年5月第一次參觀哈佛大學(xué)寫的游記,敘述按時(shí)空關(guān)系組合,角度獨(dú)特,見解深刻。
C.蔡元培廣羅人才,各派人物云集京師大學(xué)堂,北大一時(shí)既是新文化成長的園地,又是新舊文化激烈交鋒的場(chǎng)所。
D.目前臺(tái)灣島內(nèi)按人口平均消費(fèi)咖啡已達(dá)38.5杯,這一數(shù)字,顯示臺(tái)灣人對(duì)咖啡的喜愛。
6、選出句子排序正確的一項(xiàng) ( )
[1]輻照加工技術(shù)具有許多傳統(tǒng)加工工藝無法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
[2]早期的輻照加工,是利用射線的殺菌滅蟲性能來達(dá)到消毒、保鮮等目的
[3]本世紀(jì)50年代發(fā)展起來的輻照加工技術(shù),是繼上述四大加工技術(shù)之后,正在崛起并逐漸成熟的一種加工工藝技術(shù)
[4]現(xiàn)代的輻照加工技術(shù)已突破上述范圍
[5]眾所周知,機(jī)械加工、熱加工、電加工和化學(xué)加工,是通用的材料加工技術(shù)
A.[1][3][2][4][5] B.[5][1][3][2][4]
C.[1][5][3][4][2] D.[5][3][1][2][4]
答案:1.A(B“挈”應(yīng)讀qiè ;C“踽”應(yīng)讀jǔ;D“逮”應(yīng)讀dài) 2.B(A“交插學(xué)科”中“插”應(yīng)為“叉”;C“焦燥”中“燥”應(yīng)為“躁”;D“察顏觀色”中“顏”應(yīng)為“言”。) 3.A(艱深―(道理、文詞)深?yuàn)W難懂;艱澀――(文詞)晦澀,不流暢,不易理解。松弛――不緊張;松懈――注意力不集中,做事不抓緊。頓時(shí)――立刻(只用于敘述過去的事情、局面);馬上――立刻。) 4.D(罰不當(dāng)罪――處罰和所犯的罪行不相當(dāng),多指處罰過重。A莫衷一是――不能得出一致的結(jié)論。B蓬蓽生輝――用以稱謝他人過訪之辭。C瑕不掩瑜――比喻缺點(diǎn)掩蓋不了優(yōu)點(diǎn),優(yōu)點(diǎn)是主要的,缺點(diǎn)是次要的。) 5.C(A邏輯混亂,兩分句間沒有因果關(guān)系。B成分殘缺,應(yīng)在“哈佛大學(xué)”后加“時(shí)”或“后”字,與前面的“于”構(gòu)成介賓短語。D表意不明,沒有說出是月平均,還是年平均。) 6.D
(參考來源:高考資源網(wǎng))
1、弱酸與強(qiáng)堿反應(yīng)
(1)醋酸與氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng):CH3COOH+NaOH=CH3COONa+H2O
意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈堿性;這是考試題中常出現(xiàn)的判斷鹽溶液酸堿性的問題(強(qiáng)堿弱酸鹽水解呈堿性)。
②用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氫氧化鈉溶液滴定未知濃度的醋酸時(shí)用酚酞作指示劑,這是酸堿中和滴定時(shí)指示劑的選擇問題。
③恰好中和后溶液中的離子濃度的關(guān)系如下:
等式關(guān)系1(溶質(zhì)守恒又稱物料守恒):c(CH3COO-)+c(CH3COOH)=c(Na+);
等式關(guān)系2(溶劑守恒又稱質(zhì)子守恒):c(H+)+c(CH3COOH)=c(OH-);
等式關(guān)系3(電荷守恒):c(CH3COO-)+c(OH-)=c(Na+)+c(H+);
大小關(guān)系:c(Na+)> c(CH3COO-)> c(OH-)> c(H+) ;
這是鹽類水解的知識(shí)點(diǎn)中離子濃度關(guān)系問題,是高考的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。
注意:離子濃度大小關(guān)系式中首尾兩項(xiàng)帶同種電荷,是判斷等離子濃度大小關(guān)系的捷徑。
④離子方程式:CH3COOH+OH-=CH3COO-+H2O ,這是離子方程式?嫉狞c(diǎn)。
(2)草酸與氫氧化鈉溶液的反應(yīng):H
①物質(zhì)的量不同產(chǎn)物不同;
②NaHC2O4的電離程度比水解程度大而呈酸性;
③Na
④寫出草酸與氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物呈酸性的化學(xué)方程式和離子方程式:
H
⑤寫出草酸與氫氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物呈堿性的化學(xué)方程式和離子方程式:
H
2、強(qiáng)酸與弱堿溶液的反應(yīng):HCl+NH3•H2O=NH4Cl+H2O
意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈酸性;這是考試題中常出現(xiàn)的判斷鹽溶液酸堿性的問題(強(qiáng)酸弱堿鹽水解呈酸性)。
②用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鹽酸溶液滴定未知濃度的氨水時(shí)用甲基橙作指示劑,這是酸堿中和滴定時(shí)指示劑的選擇問題。
③恰好中和后溶液中的離子濃度的關(guān)系如下:
等式關(guān)系1(溶質(zhì)守恒又稱物料守恒):c(NH3•H2O )+c(NH)=c(Cl-);;
等式關(guān)系2(溶劑守恒又稱質(zhì)子守恒):c(OH-)+c(NH3•H2O )=c(H+);
等式關(guān)系3(電荷守恒):c(Cl-)+c(OH-)= c(NH)+c(H+);
大小關(guān)系:c(Cl-)> c(NH)> c(H+)>c(OH-);
這是鹽類水解的知識(shí)點(diǎn)中離子濃度關(guān)系問題,是高考的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。
注意:離子濃度大小關(guān)系式中首尾兩項(xiàng)帶同種電荷,是判斷等離子濃度大小關(guān)系的捷徑。
④離子方程式:H++NH3•H2O= NH+H2O這是離子方程式?嫉狞c(diǎn)。
3、弱酸與弱堿溶液反應(yīng):
(1)CH3COOH+ NH3•H2O = CH3COONH4+H2O ;
意義:①中和后溶液呈中性,原因是二者的電離程度相當(dāng);②中和產(chǎn)物比原先的任何一種溶液的導(dǎo)電性都強(qiáng),③離子方程式:CH3COOH+ NH3•H2O = CH3COO- + NH+H2O 。
(2)H
意義:①中和后溶液呈酸性,原因酸性強(qiáng)弱關(guān)系:H
4、強(qiáng)酸與強(qiáng)堿溶液反應(yīng)
(1)鹽酸與氫氧化鈉溶液的反應(yīng):HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O
意義:意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈中性;這是考試題中常出現(xiàn)的判斷鹽溶液酸堿性的問題(強(qiáng)酸強(qiáng)堿鹽不水解呈中性)。
②用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鹽酸溶液滴定未知濃度的氫氧化鈉時(shí)用甲基橙或酚酞作指示劑,這是酸堿中和滴定時(shí)指示劑的選擇問題。
③恰好中和后溶液中的離子濃度的關(guān)系如下:
等式關(guān)系1(溶質(zhì)守恒又稱物料守恒):c(Na+ )=c(Cl-);;
等式關(guān)系2(溶劑守恒又稱質(zhì)子守恒):c(OH-)=c(H+);
等式關(guān)系3(電荷守恒):c(Cl-)+c(OH-)= c(Na+)+c(H+);
大小關(guān)系:c(Cl-)= c(Na+)> c(H+)=c(OH-);
這是鹽類水解的知識(shí)點(diǎn)中離子濃度關(guān)系問題,是高考的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。
注意:離子濃度大小關(guān)系式中首尾兩項(xiàng)帶同種電荷,是判斷等離子濃度大小關(guān)系的捷徑。
④離子方程式:H++OH-= H2O這是離子方程式常考的點(diǎn)。
(2)硫酸與氫氧化鋇溶液的反應(yīng):H2SO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+2H2O
意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈中性;
②恰好中和后溶液的導(dǎo)電性最弱;
③離子方程式:2H+ +SO+Ba2+ +2OH-=BaSO4↓+2H2O
④硫酸溶液中部浮有小球,加入同密度的氫氧化鋇溶液恰好反應(yīng)后,小球下沉(產(chǎn)物水的密度小于硫酸溶液的密度)。
(3)鹽酸與氫氧化鋇溶液的反應(yīng):2HCl+ Ba(OH)2=BaCl2+2H2O
意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈中性;
②鹽酸溶液中加入氫氧化鋇固體恰好中和后溶液的導(dǎo)電性不變;
③離子方程式:H++OH-= H2O
(4)硫酸與氫氧化鈉溶液的反應(yīng):H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O
意義:
①中和反應(yīng)后溶液呈中性;
②硫酸溶液中加入氫氧化鈉固體恰好中和后溶液的導(dǎo)電性不變;
③離子方程式:H++OH-= H2O
5、強(qiáng)酸與弱酸鹽反應(yīng)
(1)鹽酸與偏鋁酸鹽反應(yīng):
①少量鹽酸與偏鋁酸鹽反應(yīng):NaAlO2 +HCl+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+NaCl;
②過量鹽酸與偏鋁酸鹽反應(yīng):NaAlO2 +4HCl=AlCl3+NaCl+2H2O
意義:①鹽酸與偏鋁酸鹽反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物隨著鹽酸的量不同而產(chǎn)物不同;②實(shí)驗(yàn)室不用偏鋁酸鈉溶液滴入鹽酸的方法制備氫氧化鋁沉淀,因?yàn)闊o法控制鹽酸的用量;③實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以用在鹽酸溶液中滴入過量偏鋁酸鈉溶液的方法制備氫氧化鋁沉淀;有關(guān)化學(xué)方程式如下:NaAlO2+4HCl=AlCl3+NaCl+2H2O;AlCl3+3NaAlO2 +6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓;④離子方程式:AlO +H++H2O=Al(OH)3↓;AlO +4H+=Al3+ +2H2O 。
(2)與碳酸鹽反應(yīng):
①鹽酸與正鹽反應(yīng):2HCl +CaCO3=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑;2HCl + Na2CO3 = 2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑
意義:①實(shí)驗(yàn)室用啟普發(fā)生器制備二氧化碳選用鹽酸與碳酸鈣反應(yīng);②快速制備二氧化碳選用鹽酸與碳酸鈉反應(yīng);③離子方程式:2H+ +CaCO3=Ca2++H2O+CO2↑;2H+ + CO = H2O+CO2↑。
②鹽酸與酸式鹽反應(yīng):HCl + NaHCO3= NaCl+H2O+CO2↑
與鹽酸和碳酸鈉反應(yīng)對(duì)比的意義:
?、等物質(zhì)的量碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),碳酸鈉消耗的鹽酸多。
?、等物質(zhì)的量碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳一樣多。
?、等物質(zhì)的量碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),碳酸氫鈉產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳快。
?、等質(zhì)量的碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),碳酸鈉消耗的鹽酸多。
?、等質(zhì)量的碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳碳酸氫鈉多。
?、等質(zhì)量的碳酸鈉與碳酸氫鈉與鹽酸反應(yīng),碳酸氫鈉產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳快。
(3)鹽酸與硅酸鈉溶液反應(yīng):Na2SiO3+ 2HCl+H2O= 2NaCl+H4SiO4↓
意義:①稀鹽酸和稀硅酸鈉溶液反應(yīng)制備硅膠;②離子方程式:SiO+ 2H++H2O= H4SiO4↓。
(4)鹽酸與次氯酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):2HCl+Ca(ClO)2=CaCl2+2HClO
意義:①制備次氯酸;②在漂白粉中加入少量稀鹽酸增強(qiáng)漂白性;③離子方程式:H++ClO-=HClO;④離子共存:H+和ClO-不能大量共存。
6、較強(qiáng)酸與較弱酸的鹽溶液反應(yīng)
(1)醋酸與碳酸鹽反應(yīng):
①醋酸和碳酸鈣反應(yīng):2CH3COOH+CaCO3=(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2↑;
意義:?、實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備二氧化碳為了減慢化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率鹽酸改成醋酸;?、離子方程式:2CH3COOH+CaCO3=2CH3COO- +Ca2+ +H2O+CO2↑
②少量醋酸和碳酸鈉反應(yīng):CH3COOH+Na2CO3=CH3COONa+NaHCO3
③過量醋酸和碳酸鈉反應(yīng):2CH3COOH+Na2CO3=2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑
④碳酸一定是弱酸。
意義:
①醋酸和碳酸鈉反應(yīng)時(shí)醋酸的量不同產(chǎn)物不同;
②碳酸鈉溶液中滴入等濃度的少量醋酸,并不產(chǎn)生氣泡,產(chǎn)生的是NaHCO3 ;
③醋酸溶液中滴入少量的碳酸鈉溶液會(huì)產(chǎn)生氣泡;
④離子方程式:CH3COOH+ CO=CH3COO-+HCO;2CH3COOH+ CO=2CH3COO-+H2O+CO2↑
⑤碳酸一定是弱酸。
(2)碳酸與偏鋁酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):NaAlO2 +CO2+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+NaHCO3
意義:
①實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備氫氧化鋁沉淀的方法;
②偏鋁酸一定是弱酸;
③離子方程式:AlO +CO2+H2O=Al(OH)3↓+HCO
(3)碳酸與硅酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):Na2SiO3 +CO2+2H2O=H2SiO3↓+2NaHCO3
意義:①硅酸一定是弱酸;②離子方程式:SiO +CO2+2H2O=H2SiO3↓+2HCO
(4)碳酸與石炭酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):C6H5ONa+CO2+H2O→C6H5OH+NaHCO3
意義:①石炭酸的酸性比碳酸弱;②高考離子方程式?键c(diǎn),產(chǎn)物只能是NaHCO3;③離子方程式:C6H5O-+CO2+H2O→C6H5OH+ HCO。
7、強(qiáng)酸與強(qiáng)酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):BaCl2+H2SO4=BaSO4↓+2HCl
意義:①硫酸溶液中加入固體氯化鋇導(dǎo)電性不變;②離子方程式:Ba2++SO=BaSO4↓
8、弱酸與弱酸鹽溶液反應(yīng):
(1)H2S+CuSO4=CuS↓+H2SO4 ;
意義:
①混和氣體中硫化氫氣體雜質(zhì)的吸收方法;
②中學(xué)化學(xué)中弱酸制備強(qiáng)酸的事例;
③離子方程式:H2S+Cu2+=CuS↓+2H+ ;
(2)H2S+(CH3COO)2Pb=PbS↓+2CH3COOH
意義:
①硫化氫氣體的檢驗(yàn)方法:濕潤的白色醋酸鉛試紙放置在瓶口變黑,說明瓶口釋放出來的氣體是硫化氫。
②中學(xué)化學(xué)中弱酸制備強(qiáng)酸的事例;
③離子方程式:H2S+(CH3COO)2Pb=PbS↓+2CH3COOH
9、強(qiáng)堿溶液與強(qiáng)酸弱堿鹽溶液反應(yīng)
(1)消石灰與氯化銨的反應(yīng):2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2 CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O
意義:①實(shí)驗(yàn)室制備氨氣的方法;②裝置類型是制氧型;NH和OH-不能大量共存。
(2)氫氧化鈉與硫酸鋁溶液的反應(yīng):
①少量氫氧化鈉與硫酸鋁溶液的反應(yīng)Al2(SO4)3+6NaOH=2 Al(OH)3↓+3Na2SO4 ;Al3+ +3OH-=Al(OH)3↓
②過量氫氧化鈉與硫酸鋁溶液的反應(yīng)Al2(SO4)3+8NaOH= 2NaAlO2+3Na2SO4+4H2O;Al3++4OH-= AlO+2H2O
意義:
①氫氧化鈉與硫酸鋁溶液的反應(yīng)因?yàn)闅溲趸c的量不同而產(chǎn)物不同;
②實(shí)驗(yàn)室不能在硫酸鋁溶液中加入氫氧化鈉溶液的方法制備氫氧化鋁沉淀;
③實(shí)驗(yàn)室可以用在氫氧化鈉溶液中加入過量硫酸鋁溶液的方法制備氫氧化鋁沉淀;有關(guān)方程式為:Al2(SO4)3+8NaOH= 2NaAlO2+3Na2SO4+4H2O;Al2(SO4)3+ 6NaAlO2+ 12H2O= 3Na2SO4+8Al(OH)3↓;
對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式:Al3++4OH-= AlO+2H2O;Al3++ 3AlO+6H2O=4Al(OH)3↓
10、弱堿溶液與強(qiáng)酸弱堿鹽溶液反應(yīng)
(1)氨水與硫酸鋁溶液的反應(yīng):Al2(SO4)3+6NH3•H2O=2 Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO4
意義:①實(shí)驗(yàn)室在硫酸鋁溶液中加入過量氨水制備氫氧化鋁沉淀;②離子方程式:Al3++3NH3•H2O= Al(OH)3↓+3NH;③該離子方程式考試常常考查的內(nèi)容。
(2)氨水與硝酸銀溶液的反應(yīng):
①少量氨水與硝酸銀溶液的反應(yīng):AgNO3+NH3•H2O=AgOH↓+NH4NO3
意義:①少量氨水加入到硝酸銀溶液中會(huì)產(chǎn)生沉淀;AgOH不穩(wěn)定會(huì)馬上會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為Ag2O(褐色),對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式為:Ag++NH3•H2O=AgOH↓+ NH
②過量氨水與硝酸銀溶液的反應(yīng):AgNO3+3NH3•H2O=Ag(NH3)2OH↓+NH4NO3+2H2O
意義:①過量的氨水滴入到硝酸銀溶液中,會(huì)溶解原來產(chǎn)生的沉淀,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生銀氨溶液,這是檢驗(yàn)醛基的銀鏡反應(yīng)的檢驗(yàn)試劑的制備方法;對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式是:Ag++2NH3•H2O=[Ag(NH3)2]++2H2O。
11、硝酸銀溶液與鹵化鈉溶液反應(yīng):
(1)硝酸銀溶液與氯化鈉溶液反應(yīng):NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+NaNO3
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入硝酸酸化的硝酸銀溶液,產(chǎn)生白色沉淀,說明有氯離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式:Cl-+Ag+=AgCl↓。
(2)硝酸銀溶液與溴化鈉溶液反應(yīng):NaBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓+NaNO3
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入硝酸酸化的硝酸銀溶液,產(chǎn)生淡色沉淀,說明有溴離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式:Br-+Ag+=AgBr↓。
(3)硝酸銀溶液與碘化鈉溶液反應(yīng):NaI+AgNO3=AgI↓+NaNO3
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入硝酸酸化的硝酸銀溶液,產(chǎn)生黃色沉淀,說明有碘離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式:I-+Ag+=AgI↓。
12、氯化鋇溶液與可溶性碳酸鹽反應(yīng):Na2CO3+BaCl2=BaCO3↓+2NaCl
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入氯化鋇溶液,產(chǎn)生白色沉淀;再加入鹽酸,產(chǎn)生無色無味的氣體,說明待測(cè)液中含有碳酸根離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式為:CO+Ba2+=BaCO3↓; BaCO3+2H+= Ba2+ +H2O+CO2 ↑。
13、氯化鋇溶液與可溶性亞硫酸鹽反應(yīng):Na2SO3+BaCl2=BaSO3↓+2NaCl
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入氯化鋇溶液,產(chǎn)生白色沉淀;再加入鹽酸,產(chǎn)生無色有味的氣體,說明待測(cè)液中含有亞硫酸根離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式為:SO+Ba2+=BaSO3↓; BaSO3+2H+= Ba2+ +H2O+SO2 ↑。
14、氯化鋇溶液與可溶性硫酸鹽反應(yīng):Na2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4↓+2NaCl
意義:①在待測(cè)液中加入氯化鋇溶液,產(chǎn)生白色沉淀;再加入鹽酸,沉淀不溶解,說明待測(cè)液中含有硫酸根離子;②對(duì)應(yīng)的離子方程式為:SO+Ba2+=BaSO4↓。
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