北京市2009年高考專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練（三）
分子運(yùn)動論 熱和功
選擇題：（每題至少有一個選項(xiàng)正確）
1．對于一定質(zhì)量的氣體，下列情況中不可能發(fā)生的是 ( )
A.分子熱運(yùn)動的平均動能不變，分子的平均距離減小，壓強(qiáng)不變．
B.分子熱運(yùn)動的平均動能不變，分子的平均距離減小，壓強(qiáng)減�。�
C.分子熱運(yùn)動的平均動能增大，分子的平均距離增大，壓強(qiáng)增大．
D.分子熱運(yùn)動的平均動能減小，分子的平均距離減小，壓強(qiáng)不變．
2．關(guān)于物體的分子勢能變化情況，下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A.分子間顯示斥力時，距離越小，分子勢能越小
B.分子間顯示引力時，距離越小，分子勢能越大
C.分子勢能隨體積變化而變化
D.當(dāng)分子間斥力和引力大小相等時，分子勢能最大
3．水沸騰為同溫度的水蒸氣所吸收的熱量應(yīng)是 ( )
A.等于它所增加的分子勢能的總和 B.等于它所增加的分子動能的總和
C.等于它所增加的內(nèi)能 D.大于它所增加的分子勢能的總和
4．下列設(shè)想中,符合能的轉(zhuǎn)化合守恒定律的有 ( )
A.利用永磁鐵和軟鐵的相互作用，作成一架機(jī)器永遠(yuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)動下去
B.制造一架飛機(jī)，不攜帶燃料，只需利用太陽能就能飛行
C.作成一只船，利用流水的能量，逆水行駛，不用其他動力
D.利用核動力，駕駛地球離開太陽系
5．分子間同時存在吸引力和排斥力，下列說法正確的是 ( )
A．固體分子間的引力總是大于斥力
B．氣體能充滿任何容器是因?yàn)榉肿娱g的排斥力大于吸引力
C．分子間的吸引力和排斥力都隨分子間距離的增大而減小
D．分子間吸引力隨分子間距離的增大而增大，而排斥力隨距離的增大而減小.
6．第二類永動機(jī)不可能制造出來是因?yàn)槠涔ぷ髟磉`背 ( )
A．熱力學(xué)第一定律 B．能的轉(zhuǎn)化和守恒定律
C．熱力學(xué)第二定律 D．上述三個定律
7．對于一定質(zhì)量的某種理想氣體，如果與外界沒有熱交換，有 ( )
A．若氣體分子的平均動能增大，則氣體的壓強(qiáng)一定增大
B．若氣體分子的平均動能增大，則氣體的壓強(qiáng)一定減小
C．若氣體分子的平均距離增大，則氣體的平均動能一定增大
D．若氣體分子的平均距離增大，則氣體的平均動能一定減小
8． 對于一定質(zhì)量的理想氣體，下列敘述正確的是 ( )
A．如果體積減小，氣體分子在單位時間內(nèi)對單位面積的器壁的碰撞次數(shù)一定增大
B．如果壓強(qiáng)增大而溫度不變，氣體分子在單位時間內(nèi)對單位面積的器壁的碰撞次數(shù)一定增大
C．如果溫度升高，氣體分子在單位時間內(nèi)對單位面積器壁的碰撞次數(shù)一定增大
D．如果分子密度增大，氣體分子在單位時間內(nèi)對單位面積器壁的碰撞次數(shù)一定增大
9．取r0表示分子之間的平均距離，那么 ( )
A．分子之間的距離在大于r0的范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生一定的變化時，分子間引力做的功大于分子間斥力做的功
B．分子之間的距離在大于r0的范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生一定的變化時，分子間引力做的功小于分子間斥力做的功
C．分子之間的距離在小于r0的范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生一定的變化時，分子間引力做的功大于分子間斥力做的功
D．分子之間的距離在小于r0的范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生一定的變化時，分子間引力做的功小于分子間斥力做的功
10．質(zhì)量相等的氫氣和氧氣，溫度相同，不考慮分子間的勢能，則 ( )
A．氧氣的內(nèi)能較大 B．氫氣的內(nèi)能較大
C．二者的內(nèi)能相等 D．氫氣的分子平均動能較大
11． 下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A．氣體的體積等于氣體分子體積之和
B．氣體的壓強(qiáng)是由大量氣體分子對器壁的頻繁碰撞而產(chǎn)生的
C．溫度越高，氣體分子的平均速度越大
D．熱力學(xué)溫度的每一度大小跟攝氏溫度的每一度大小相同
12． 對于熱量、功和物體的內(nèi)能這三個物理量，下列各種敘述中正確的是 ( )
A．熱量、功、內(nèi)能三者的物理意義相同
B．熱量和功都可以作為物體內(nèi)能的量度
C．熱量、功、內(nèi)能的單位肯定不相同
D．熱量和功是由過程決定的,而內(nèi)能是由物體的狀態(tài)決定的
13． 下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A．任何一種機(jī)器做功都要消耗能量,不消耗能量的機(jī)器是無法對外做功的
B．每種能量都與一種運(yùn)動形式相對應(yīng),與內(nèi)能相對應(yīng)的運(yùn)動形式是熱運(yùn)動
C．能量在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中總量可以減少,但不會增加
D．能量不論如何轉(zhuǎn)化,系統(tǒng)的總能量是不變的
14．下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A．物體的分子熱運(yùn)動動能的總和就是物體的內(nèi)能
B．對于同一氣體,溫度越高,分子平均動能越大
C．要使氣體的分子平均動能增大,外界必須向氣體傳熱
D．一定質(zhì)量的氣體,溫度升高時,分子間的平均距離一定增大
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15．如圖所示,甲分子固定在坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)O,乙分子位于x軸上,甲分子對乙分子的作用力與兩分子間距離地關(guān)系如圖中實(shí)線所示,F>0為斥力,F<0為引力,a、b、c、d為x軸上四個特定的位置,現(xiàn)把乙分子從a處靜止釋放,則 (
)
A.乙分子從a到b做加速運(yùn)動,由b到c做減速運(yùn)動
B.乙分子從a到c做加速運(yùn)動,到達(dá)c時速度最大
C.乙分子從a到b的過程中,兩分子間的勢能一直減少
D.乙分子從a到b的過程中,兩分子間的勢能一直增加
16．下列說法中正確的是 ( )
A．用打氣筒的活塞壓縮氣體很費(fèi)力，說明分子間有斥力
B．在陽光照射下，可以觀察到教室空氣中飛舞的塵埃作無規(guī)則運(yùn)動，屬于布朗運(yùn)動
C．在油膜法測出的油分子直徑計(jì)算阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)時，還要知道油滴的體積和密度
D．在油膜法測出的油分子直徑計(jì)算阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)時，還要知道油滴的質(zhì)量和密度
17．將物體A與B相接觸,發(fā)現(xiàn)A放出熱量B吸收熱量,則下列敘述正確的是 ( )
A．A的溫度一定比B的溫度高 B．A的內(nèi)能一定比B的內(nèi)能大
C．A的熱量一定比B的熱量多 D．A的比熱一定比B的比熱大
18．下列說法不正確的是（ ）
A．氣體會無限擴(kuò)散，說明分子間存在斥力
B．壓縮氣體要費(fèi)力，說明分子間存在斥力
C．物體體積即為該物體的所有分子體積的總和
D．布朗運(yùn)動指液體分子永不停息的無規(guī)則運(yùn)動
19．甲乙兩個分子，甲分子固定不動，乙分子從無窮遠(yuǎn)處以初動能E向甲分子運(yùn)動，直至二者不能再接近，規(guī)定在無窮遠(yuǎn)處分子勢能為零，在運(yùn)動過程中 ( )
A．除開始時刻外，乙分子動能還有可能等于E B．乙分子動能有可能等于零
C．分子勢能有可能等于E D．分子勢能與分子動能不可能相等
20．根據(jù)熱力學(xué)第二定律，可知下列說法正確地是( )
A. 不可能從單一熱源吸收熱量并把它全部用來做功，而不引起其他變化．
B.在各種形式的能量相互轉(zhuǎn)化的過程中產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)能，大部分被環(huán)境所吸收，對這部分內(nèi)能，我們可以用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)手段再將其回收，并使之全部轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，機(jī)械能等便于利用的能量形式．
C.利用淺層海水和深層海水的溫度差，設(shè)計(jì)一熱機(jī)使海水中蘊(yùn)藏的內(nèi)能為人類所利用，這一設(shè)想在原理上是可行的．
D.制冷系統(tǒng)能將冰箱里的熱量傳給外界較高溫度的空氣而不引起其他變化．
21．被活塞封閉在氣缸中的一定質(zhì)量的理想氣體溫度增加，壓強(qiáng)保持不變( )
A.氣缸中氣體分子的平均動能增大
B.氣缸中單位體積氣體的分子數(shù)減少
C.氣缸壁單位面積在單位時間內(nèi)受到的分子碰撞的次數(shù)不變
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D.氣缸中的氣體吸收的熱量等于氣體內(nèi)能的增加量
22．如圖所示，柱形容器內(nèi)封有一定質(zhì)量的空氣，光滑活塞C（質(zhì)量為m） 與容器用良好的隔熱材料制成，另有質(zhì)量為M的物體從活塞上方的A點(diǎn)自由下落到活塞上，并隨活塞一起到達(dá)最低點(diǎn)B，在這一過程中，空氣內(nèi)能的改變量ΔE，外界對空氣所做的功為W,則物體及活塞的能量的變化關(guān)系式正確地是�。� ）
A. Mgh + mgΔh = ΔE + W
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B.ΔE = W, Mgh + mgΔh = W
C.ΔE = W, Mgh + mgΔh > W
D.ΔE ≠ W, Mgh + mgΔh = W
23．關(guān)于熱傳遞的下列敘述中正確的是（ ）
A.熱量總是從內(nèi)能大的物體傳給內(nèi)能少的物體
B.熱量總是從分子平均動能大的物體傳給分子平均動能小的物體
C.熱傳遞的實(shí)質(zhì)是物體間的內(nèi)能的轉(zhuǎn)移而能的形式不發(fā)生變化
D.只有通過熱傳遞的方式,才能使物體的溫度發(fā)生變化
24．下列關(guān)于布朗運(yùn)動的說法中正確的是 ( )
A．布朗運(yùn)動是由于外界原因引起的液體分子的運(yùn)動
B．懸浮在液體中的顆粒越大，與微粒相撞的分子數(shù)越多，布朗運(yùn)動越容易觀察到
C．布朗運(yùn)動的無規(guī)則性是液體分子和氣體分子無規(guī)則運(yùn)動的反映
D．布朗運(yùn)動的劇烈程度與溫度有關(guān)，所以布朗運(yùn)動也叫分子熱運(yùn)動
25．已知阿伏伽德羅常數(shù)NA，物質(zhì)的摩爾質(zhì)量M和摩爾體積V，不能估算出( )
A．固體物質(zhì)分子的質(zhì)量和大小 B．液體分子的質(zhì)量和大小
C．氣體分子的大小 D．氣體分子的質(zhì)量
專題三 分子運(yùn)動論 熱和功 （答案）
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
AB
C
D
BD
C
C
AD
B
AD
B
BCD
D
ABC
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
B
BC
D
A
ABCD
ABC
AC
AB
C
BC
C
C
安師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考查
高 三 英 語 試 卷
（考試時間120分鐘，共150分）
本試卷分第一卷（選擇題）和第二卷（非選擇題）兩部分。
第一卷（三大題，共115分）
注意事項(xiàng)
1.答第一卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、班級、學(xué)校、填寫在答題卡上。
2.每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。
3.考試結(jié)束，考生將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分：聽力（30分）
第一節(jié) （共5小題；每小題1.5分, 滿分7.5分）
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. What is the man going to do tonight?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Attend a meeting. C. Watch TV at home.
2. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a shop. B. In a museum. C. In a restaurant.
3. What time will the speakers get to Beijing?
A. At 11:00. B. At 12:30. C. At 12:45.
4. Is the man going to the party?
A. No. B. Sure. C. Maybe.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Tell her what the problem is. B. Repair the computer for her.
C. Send someone to help her.
第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）
聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽下面一段材料，回答第
6. What subject does Julie like best?
A. Science. B. P.E. C. Sports medicine.
7. Which subject is Julie NOT good at?
A. Music and English. B. Physics and chemistry. C. Marketing and commercial.
8. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
聽下面一段材料，回答第
9. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An interview. B. A meal. C. A job.
10. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and clerk. B. Mother and son. C. Employer and employee.
11. How is the man feeling?
A. Tired. B. Nervous. C. Hopeless.
聽下面一段材料，回答第12. 13題。
12. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In the police station. B. In the customs office. C. In the tourist center.
13. What’s the purpose of the woman’s trip?
A. Visiting her parents. B. Returning to her hometown. C. Attending a conference.
聽下面一段材料，回答第
14. Why does the girl ask her dad for money?
A. Because she works for him. B. Because she has no job.
C. Because she will go away from home.
15. How much will the girl get?
A. $13. B. $ 26. C. $ 30.
16. How did the father manage to give the money?
A. He drew from the bank. B. He had enough money at hand.
C. He got the money from his secret jar.
17. Which is not the thing that the girl is going to do with the money?
A. Putting some in a bank. B. Giving some to her parents.
C. Buying some books.
聽下面一段材料，回答第
18. When is the speaker talking?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
19. Who are the listeners?
A. Patients. B. Visitors. C. Nurses.
20. Which is NOT allowed in the hospital?
A. Smoking in any area. B. Listening to the hospital radio.
C. Visiting patients in the morning.
第二部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié)：單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
21. Mary couldn’t remember the exact date of the hurricane, but she knew it was ____ Saturday because everybody was at ___ church.
A. /; the B. a; / C. /; a D. the; /
22.---I’m sorry, I should not have been so rude to you.
---You ____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
23. ____ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. If only B. Only if C. Unless D. As long as
24. Much to the parents’ comfort, their income is now double ____ it was ten years ago.
A. what B. that C. than D. which
25. ---Oh, must you? Stay a bit longer. It’s been such fun having you.
---______, but I’ve got an early start tomorrow morning.
A. No problem B. All right C. Thanks anyway D. Never mind
26. He spent several hours in the wind and snow, _____.
A. cold and hungry B. coldly and hungrily
C. being cold and hungry D. in cold and hunger
27. It is the protection for trees ____ really matters, ____ how many trees are planted.
A. what; besides B. that; except C. that; rather than D. what; other than
28. We are short of money, so every coin ____ now.
A. values B. prices C. worth D. counts
29. There are many books! It’s not easy for us to decide ____ and what to leave behind.
A. what to be taken B. what to take C. how to take D. how to be taken
30. This problem may lead to more serious ones if ____ unsolved.
A. making B. remained C. keeping D. left
31. I think Mick will ___ a good monitor, so I’d like to vote for him.
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（英語）.files/image002.jpg)
A. turn B.
change C.
be D.
make
35. We hoped to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month, but things didn’t___ as we expected.
A. work out B. move out C. carry out D. get out
第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
Signs can sometimes be seen at the entrance of a house, expressing that a tramp has passed. This special sign-language is frequently 36 by tramps to inform their 37 whether the host of a certain house is friendly or unfriendly, and to 38 them the trouble of making unnecessary calls.
Quite 39
one day, I came across a
real tramp. He was such a rare sight these days that I stood some distance away
and watched him. He was dressed just as a tramp should be 40 , old worn trousers, and a jacket
many sizes too big for him. On his head there was a battered old hat and his
boots were so old and worn; they were almost coming into 41 . But the man himself looked
cheerful as if he had not a
36. A. employed B. made C. taken D. put up
37. A. parents B. classmates C. fellows D. friends
38. A. share B. save C. give D. put
39. A. in a way B. by mistake C. by the way D. by chance
40. A. with B. in C. by D. on
41. A. a fashion B. a design C. pieces D. blocks
42. A. success B. care C. failure D. family
43. A. gave B. took C. set D. made
44. A. drawing B. kissing C. correcting D. studying
45. A. pleased B. strange C. funny D. exciting
46. A. surprise B. satisfaction C. worry D. disappointment
47. A. rise B. put on C. raise D. throw
48. A. conversation B. introduction C. quarrel D. greeting
49. A. happy B. frightened C. worried D. sorry
50. A. cheerful B. sadly C. bravely D. eagerly
51. A. waved B. swung C. shook D. nodded
52. A. Digging B. Stealing C. Putting D. Looking
53. A. existed B. moving C. shining D. existing
54. A. belongings B. clothes C. umbrella D. stick
55. A. step B. position C. pace D. situation
第三部分： 閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
A
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（英語）.files/image004.jpg)
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labor Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
56. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes________.
A. for recreation B. in the interests of the farmers
C. to limit the fox population D. to show off their wealth
57. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C. The hunters have set rules to follow.
D. The hunters have to go through strict training.
58. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game _______.
A. by resorting to violence B. by confusing the fox hunters
C. by taking legal action D. by demonstrating on the scene
59. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ______.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside D. prevent large-scale fox hunting
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（英語）.files/image006.jpg)
B
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors, which would even puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
60. The subject discussed in this text is
_________.
A. the
process of reaching decisions
B. the
difference between poker and chess.
C. the
secret of making good business plans
D. the value
of information in winning games
61. An important factor in a game of
imperfect information is ___________.
A. rules B.
luck C.
time D.
ideas
62. Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?
A. Quite
right. B. True
enough. C. Most
unlikely. D. Just the opposite.
63. In the writer’s opinion, when making business decisions one should
___________ .
A. put
perfect information before imperfect information
B. accept
the existence of unknown factors
C. regard
business as a game of chess
D. mix known
and unknown factors
C
Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts (專家) agree that this is a good idea.
One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the
founder of Computertown
64. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s ides on the relationship between people and computers?
A.Computer learning should be made easier.
B.There should be more computer clubs for experts.
C.People should work harder to master computer use.
D.Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.
65.We can infer from the text that “computer-lilerate” means_______.
A. being able to afford a computer
B. being able to write computer programs
C. working with the computer and finding out its value
D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
66. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ___.
A.help to set up more computer clubs
B.bring people to learn to use computers
C. bring more experts to work together
D. help to sell computers to the public
67. David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of______.
A. making better use of computer experts B. improving computer programs
C. increasing computer sales D. popularising computers
D
Part I
If you are hunting a chance to improve yourself in English, TOP ENGLISH CITY will be a smart choice. We are members of “the International Language Workshop” and enjoy both of the good honor in English teaching and high quality of our teaching team. We are devoted to providing affordable, excellent English training programs for those who want to improve both their English knowledge and their language skills.
In TOP ENGLISH CITY, you will be a top. English speaker among your competitors and enjoy the advantage that your competitors have not. You will be proud of' being a member of TOP ENGLISH CITY.
Courses designed:
Basic Studies... Sat. 08:00---10:00 am
Intermediate(中級 )Spoken English,.. Sun. 08:00---10:00 am
Standard Spoken English... Sat. 08:00---10:00 am
Basic Business English... Sun. 08:00---10:00 am
Intermediate Business English… Sun. 07:00 9:00pm
TOEFL Super Studies... Sun. 7:30----9:30 pm
Children’s Weekend... Sat &. Sun. 8.00 am--5:00pm
For more information, please contact:
Room 806 American Plaza Tianhexi Rd, 510150 Guangzhou
Tel: 86668888-8806
Part II
ENGLISH SALON
A place for you to practice your English, to exchange your English learning experience, to know more about the culture of English-speaking countries, to make more friends who can speak very good English.
You will have free talks, famous English films and songs appreciation, English lectures and games; all are for you to improve yourself in English in the special, full-of-fun Salon.
How to join:
We are a group with membership system, so if you want to join our group, please make an application to the Tianhe Office of Top English City, filling in the applying forms. You will be given a salon ID and become our member.
The Qualifications
You must be fluent in English speaking or / and an English lover. Those who are now learning English in the Top English City will be advantageous.
For more information, please contact
Mr Jiu Chan at: 47129198
English Salon, your best friend! Join Right Now!
68. Which of the following can be the best title for Part I?
A. Top English, your smart choice!
B. If you want to learn English, we can teach you!
C. Top English, the best English!
D. We have what you want!
69. Which of the following courses can be learned by the same person?
A. Basic Studies and Standard Spoken English.
B. Intermediate Spoken English and Basic Business English.
C. Standard Spoken English and TOEFL Super Studies.
D. Intermediate Business English and TOEFL Super Studies.
70. If you want to join the English Salon, you should at least_______.
A. be a university graduate
B. be a student learning English in the Top English City
C. be an English lover or can speak English well
D. make more friends and know more about the culture of the English
71. What can you do after joining English Salon?
A. Exchange English learning experience with other members.
B. Know more about the culture of English-speaking countries.
C. Make new friends.
D. All the above.
E
Supply and demand is perhaps one of the most basic concepts of economics and it is the backbone of a market economy. Demand refers to how much of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship. Supply represents how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain goods producers are willing to supply when receiving a certain price. The relationship between price and how much of a goods or service is supplied to the market is known as the supply relationship. Price, therefore, is a reflection of supply and demand.
The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a product, the fewer people will demand that product. The amount of goods that buyers purchase at a higher price is less as the price of a product goes up, so does the opportunity cost of buying that product.
Like the law of demand, the law of supply shows the quantities that will be sold at a certain price. But unlike the law of demand, the supply relationship shows an upward slope. This means that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied. Producers supply more at a higher price because selling a higher quantity at a higher price increases the whole income.
Now that we know the laws of supply and demand, let’s turn to an example to show how supply and demand affect price.
Imagine that a CD of your favorite band is sold for $20. Because the record company’s previous analysis showed that consumers will not demand CDs at a price higher than $20, only ten CDs were sold because the opportunity cost is too high for suppliers to produce more. If, however, the ten CDs are demanded by 20 people, the price will then rise. As a result, the rise in price should cause more CDs to be supplied as the supply relationship shows that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied. If, however, there are 30 CDs produced and demand is still at 20, the price will not be pushed up because the supply is more than the demand.
72. We know from the passage that changes in the prices of product cause changes in ______.
A. income and expense B. invention and production
C. market and society D. supply and demand
73. Look at the following tablet first, if it is up to you to make a decision to sell a widget(裝飾品), you should sell it for ______.
Price of Widgets
Number of Widgets People Want to Buy
$1.00
100
$2.00
90
$3.00
70
$4.00
40
A. $1 B.
$
74. The last paragraph is mainly about the importance of ______.
A. a reasonable price B. finding enough producing material
C. finding out what consumers think about D. making out the demand at market
75. The text is written mainly _____.
A. to persuade people to buy more products
B. to let people know more about a CD
C. to explain the relationships between demand, supply and price
D. to tell people how to buy things reasonably
第二卷（35分）
第四部分：寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié)：短文改錯（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯誤。對標(biāo)有題號的每一行作出判斷：如無錯誤，在該行右邊的橫線上劃（√）；如有錯誤（每行只有一個錯誤），則按下列情況改正：
此行多一個詞：把多余的詞用斜線劃掉，在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。
此行缺一個詞：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
此行錯一個詞：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。注意：原行沒有錯的不要改。
In
people. We should try our best make their life 77. ______
much easy. For example, when we design a building, 78. ______
we’ll have to provide a entrance which is suitable 79. ______
for wheelchairs on the first ground floor. The 80. ______
Chinese government takes good care for their life. 81. ______
Many people with disables have received good treatment 82. ______
from the government. Meanwhile, more and more 83. _______
special schools have built for them. But that is 84. _______
not enough, their life will be much better 85. _______
unless everyone shows love for them.
第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）
在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中遇到困難是在所難免的。請根據(jù)你 (Peter)的學(xué)習(xí)情況填好調(diào)查表，并根據(jù)填表的內(nèi)容給《英語輔導(dǎo)報》的編輯寫一封信，請求他給予幫助，詞數(shù)100左右。
Questionnaire
YES NO
1. Are you interested in English? ( ) ( )
2. Are you afraid of making mistakes? ( ) ( )
3. Can you understand your teacher’s spoken English? ( ) ( )
4. Do you have any chances to speak to others in English? ( ) ( )
5. Are you good at reading in English? ( ) ( )
6. Do you often keep a diary in English? ( ) ( )
7. Is it easy to remember English words? ( ) ( )
8. Do you have any good ways to improve your English? ( ) ( )
注意：信的主要內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括：
你目前英語學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)狀是怎么樣的？
在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中遇到了什么困難？
這些困難對你有什么影響？
請編輯幫你出主意解決這些困難。
安師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考查
高 三 英 語 答 題 卷
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A BC D
1. ○○○○ 2. ○○○○ 3. ○○○○ 4. ○○○○ 5. ○○○○
6. ○○○○ 7. ○○○○ 8. ○○○○ 9. ○○○○ 10. ○○○○
11. ○○○○ 12. ○○○○ 13. ○○○○ 14. ○○○○ 15. ○○○○
16. ○○○○ 17. ○○○○ 18. ○○○○ 19. ○○○○ 20. ○○○○
21. ○○○○ 22. ○○○○ 23. ○○○○ 24. ○○○○ 25. ○○○○
26. ○○○○ 27. ○○○○ 28. ○○○○ 29. ○○○○ 30. ○○○○
31. ○○○○ 32. ○○○○ 33. ○○○○ 34. ○○○○ 35. ○○○○
36. ○○○○ 37. ○○○○ 38. ○○○○ 39. ○○○○ 40. ○○○○
41. ○○○○ 42. ○○○○ 43. ○○○○ 44. ○○○○ 45. ○○○○
46. ○○○○ 47. ○○○○ 48. ○○○○ 49. ○○○○ 50. ○○○○
51. ○○○○ 52. ○○○○ 53. ○○○○ 54. ○○○○ 55. ○○○○
56. ○○○○ 57. ○○○○ 58. ○○○○ 59. ○○○○ 60. ○○○○
61. ○○○○ 62. ○○○○ 63. ○○○○ 64. ○○○○ 65. ○○○○
66. ○○○○ 67. ○○○○ 68. ○○○○ 69. ○○○○ 70. ○○○○
71. ○○○○ 72. ○○○○ 73. ○○○○ 74. ○○○○ 75. ○○○○
In
people. We should try our best make their life 77. ______
much easy. For example, when we design a building, 78. ______
we’ll have to provide a entrance which is suitable 79. ______
for wheelchairs on the first ground floor. The 80. ______
Chinese government takes good care for their life. 81. ______
Many people with disables have received good treatment 82. ______
from the government. Meanwhile, more and more 83. _______
special schools have built for them. But that is 84. _______
not enough, their life will be much better 85. _______
unless everyone shows love for them.
2008-2009學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試
安徽師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試
高 三 化 學(xué) 試 題 卷
考生請注意：
1、可能用到的相對原子質(zhì)量：
H
2、請將答案填在答題表中，在本卷答題無效。
第I卷 （選擇題，共48分）
（本卷包括16小題，每小題只有一個選項(xiàng)符合題意，每小題3分，共48分）
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image002.jpg)
1、化學(xué)工作者和社會各界都一直關(guān)注食品安全問題，目前國內(nèi)的“三鹿毒奶粉”事件是不法奶商向原奶中加入了三聚氰胺，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡式如右下圖。已知氨分子為三角錐型，下列關(guān)于三聚氰胺的說法不正確的是
A.含有不飽和碳原子，在一定條件下能發(fā)生加成反應(yīng)
B.不法分子因?yàn)槿矍璋泛枯^高才用其造假
C.分子中所有原子都在同一平面上
D.在一定條件下能發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)
2、2007年諾貝爾化學(xué)獎授予德國科學(xué)家格哈德?埃德爾是因?yàn)樗诒砻婊瘜W(xué)所作的開創(chuàng)性研究。下列選項(xiàng)與物質(zhì)的表面特征無關(guān)的是
A.用明礬來凈水
B.硫酸工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中送進(jìn)沸騰爐的礦石被粉碎成細(xì)小的礦粒
C.用還原鐵粉和石棉絨混合與水蒸氣反應(yīng)制Fe3O4和H2
D.配制FeCl3溶液時，將FeCl3固體溶于濃鹽酸中再加水稀釋
3、金屬鈦對體液無毒且有惰性，能與肌肉和骨骼生長在一起，因而有“生物金屬”之稱。下列有關(guān)年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image004.gif)
和年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image006.gif)
的說法中正確的是
A.和原子中均含有22個中子
B.年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image009.gif)
和年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image011.gif)
核外均有4個電子層
C.分別由和組成的金屬鈦單質(zhì)互稱為同分異構(gòu)體
D.與為同一核素
4、廣義的水解觀認(rèn)為：無論是鹽的水解還是非鹽的水解，其最終結(jié)果是反應(yīng)中各物質(zhì)和水分別解離成兩部分，然后兩兩重新組合成新的物質(zhì)。根據(jù)上述信息，下列說法不正確的是
A.CaO2的水解產(chǎn)物是Ca(OH)2和H2O2
B.PCl3的水解產(chǎn)物是HClO和PH3
C.NaClO的水解產(chǎn)物之一是HClO
D.Mg3N2的水解產(chǎn)物是兩種堿性物質(zhì)
5、金屬材料在日常生活以及生產(chǎn)中有著廣泛的運(yùn)用。下列關(guān)于金屬的一些說法不正確的是
A.合金的性質(zhì)與其成分金屬的性質(zhì)不完全相同
B.工業(yè)上金屬M(fèi)g、Al都是用電解熔融的氯化物制得的
C.金屬冶煉的本質(zhì)是金屬陽離子得到電子變成金屬原子
D.越活潑的金屬越難冶煉
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image012.gif)
6、用一定量的鐵與足量的CuO制單質(zhì)銅，有人設(shè)計(jì)了以下兩種方案：
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image013.gif)
若按實(shí)驗(yàn)原則進(jìn)行操作，則兩者制得單質(zhì)銅的量為
A.一樣多 B.①多 C.②多 D.無法判斷
7、某溶液中由水電離生成的c(H＋)＝10－12 mol/L，下列各組離子一定不能大量共存的是
A．Na＋、AlO2－、Cl－、SO42－ B．Mg2＋、Ca2＋、HCO3－、Cl－
C．K＋、Fe2＋、SO42－、Br－ D．Fe3＋、Ca2＋、Cl－、NO3－
8、下列離子方程式書寫正確的是
A.在氨水中通入過量SO2：2NH3? H2O + SO2 ＝2NH4+ + SO32-+H2O
B.在次氯酸鈉溶液中通入少量SO2：2ClO-+H2O+SO2＝2HClO+SO32-
C.在氫氧化鈉溶液中通入一定量的CO2：3OH-+2CO2＝CO32-+HCO3-+H2O
D.在硫酸鋁溶液中加入過量氨水：Al3+ + 4OH- = AlO2-+2H2O
9、下列敘述正確的是
A
B.0.2 mol?L－1的鹽酸，與等體積水混合后pH = 1(忽略體積的變化)
C.pH = 3的醋酸溶液，稀釋至10倍后pH = 4
D.Na2CO3溶液中：c(Na+) + c(H+) = c(HCO3-) +c(CO32-) + c(OH-)
10、下列敘述正確的是
A.在電解池的陰極和原電池的負(fù)極上都發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)
B.鍍層破損后，鍍錫鐵板比鍍鋅鐵板更耐腐蝕
C.用惰性電極電解KOH溶液，陰、陽兩極產(chǎn)物的物質(zhì)的量之比為1:2
D.用惰性電極電解飽和NaCl溶液，若有1mol電子轉(zhuǎn)移，則生成1molNaOH
11、A、B、C為三種短周期元素，A、B同周期，A、C的最低價離子分別為A2－、C－，B2＋與C－具有相同的電子層結(jié)構(gòu)，下列敘述一定不正確的是
A.離子半徑A2－> C－>B2＋ B.它們的原子半徑C>B>A
C.它們的原子序數(shù)A>B>C D.原子最外層上的電子數(shù)C>A>B
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image015.jpg)
12、2006年，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了一種能夠給電子設(shè)備提供動力的 生物燃料電池。該電池包括兩個涂覆著酶的電極，它們處于充滿空氣和少量氫氣的玻璃槽中。由于氣體可以混合從而省去了昂貴的燃料隔離膜，其工作原理如圖所示。下列說法正確的是
A．左邊為該電池的負(fù)極
B．該電池可在高溫環(huán)境下使用
C．該電池負(fù)極反應(yīng)為：H2―2e－＝2H+
D．該電池正極反應(yīng)為O2＋4e－＝2O2－
13、NH4Cl是強(qiáng)酸弱堿鹽，它在水溶液里的水解過程可用下圖表示：
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image017.jpg)
則下列有關(guān)NH4 Cl溶液里存在的微粒的敘述，不正確的是
A.存在NH3?H2O，其結(jié)構(gòu)式為年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image019.jpg)
B.存在NH4+，其電子式為年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image021.jpg)
C.存在H3O+，其結(jié)構(gòu)式為年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image023.jpg)
D.存在OH－，其電子式為年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image025.jpg)
14、工業(yè)上以CuO和H2SO4為原料制備CuSO4?5H2O晶體。為確保制備過程中既不補(bǔ)充
水，也無多余的水分，所用硫酸溶液溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)為
A.45.8% B.57.6% C.72.3% D.無法確定
15、一定溫度下的難溶電解質(zhì)AmBn在水溶液中達(dá)到沉淀溶解平衡時，其年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image027.gif)
，稱為難溶電解質(zhì)的溶度積。
物質(zhì)
AgCl
AgI
Ag2S
顏色
白
黃
黑
Ksp（
1.8年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image029.gif)
10-10
1.510-16
1.810-50
下列敘述中不正確的是
A.溶度積小的沉淀可以轉(zhuǎn)化為溶度積更小的沉淀
B.若先加入Na2S溶液，再加入KI溶液，則無黃色沉淀產(chǎn)生
C
D
16、有一瓶無色溶液，可能含有K+、Al3+、Mg2+、NH4+、Cl ?、SO42-、HCO3-、MnO4-離子中的幾種。為確定其成分，做如下實(shí)驗(yàn)：①取部分溶液，加入適量Na2O2固體，產(chǎn)生無色無味的氣體和白色沉淀，再加入足量的NaOH溶液后白色沉淀部分溶解；②另取部分溶液，加入HNO3酸化的Ba(NO3)2溶液，有白色沉淀產(chǎn)生。下列推斷正確的
A.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、NH4+、Cl ? B.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、HCO3-
C.肯定有K+、HCO3-、MnO4- D.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、SO42-
第II卷 （非選擇題，共52分）
（本卷包括6小題，共52分）
17、（5分）某無色透明溶液中可能大量存在Ag＋，Mg2＋，Cu2＋中的幾種離子。
（1）不做任何實(shí)驗(yàn)就可以肯定原溶液中不存在的離子是_________。
（2）取少量原溶液加入過量稀鹽酸，有白色沉淀生成，再加入過量稀硝酸，白色沉淀不消失，說明原溶液中肯定有的離子是___________，有關(guān)的離子反應(yīng)式為______________。
（3）�。�2）的濾液加入過量NaOH溶液，出現(xiàn)白色沉淀，說明原溶液中肯定存在的離子有_______________。
（4）原溶液中可能大量存在的陰離子是下列A－D中的（填序號）_________。
A．Cl－ B．NO3－ C．CO32－ D．OH－
18、（8分）為防止碘缺乏病，通常在食鹽中加入KIO3。
⑴用淀粉碘化鉀溶液和稀硫酸可定性檢驗(yàn)出食鹽中的IO3－，表示該反應(yīng)的離子方程式是_________________________ __ __________，若要確認(rèn)食鹽中還含有K＋，方法是
_______________________________________________________________。
⑵工業(yè)上以石墨和鐵為電極電解KI溶液制取KIO3。電解時，石墨作_________（填“陽極”或“陰極”），石墨電極上的電極反應(yīng)式是_______________________ _____，電解過程中鐵電極附近溶液pH__________（填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”）。
19、（10分）茶是我國人民喜愛的飲品。某�；瘜W(xué)興趣小組的同學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)以下實(shí)驗(yàn)來定性檢驗(yàn)茶葉中含有Ca、A1、Fe三種元素。
【查閱部分資料】：草酸銨[(NH4)
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image030.gif)
試根據(jù)上述過程及信息填空：
（1）步驟②加鹽酸的作用是 ____ 。
（2）寫出檢驗(yàn)Ca2+的離子方程式 ___ 。
（3）寫出沉淀C所含主要物質(zhì)的化學(xué)式 。
（4）寫出步驟⑧用A試劑生成紅色溶液的離子方程式 ___ 。
（5）步驟⑨的作用是 __________ ，猜測步驟⑩的目的是 _ 。
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image032.jpg)
20、（12分）某課外小組利用H2還原黃色的WO3粉末測定W的相對原子質(zhì)量，下圖是測定裝置的示意圖，A中的試劑是鹽酸。
請回答下列問題。
（1）儀器中裝入的試劑：
B 、 C 、
D ；
（2）連接好裝置后應(yīng)首先 ，
其方法是
；
（3）“加熱反應(yīng)管E”和“從A瓶逐滴滴加液體”這兩步操作應(yīng)該先進(jìn)行的是 。在這兩步之間還應(yīng)進(jìn)行的操作是 ；
（4）反應(yīng)過程中G管逸出的氣體是_______，其處理方法是__________________。
（5）從實(shí)驗(yàn)中測得了下列數(shù)據(jù)：
①空E管的質(zhì)量a ②E管和WO3的總質(zhì)量b ③反應(yīng)后E管和W粉的總質(zhì)量c（冷卻到室溫稱量） ④反應(yīng)前F管及內(nèi)盛物的總質(zhì)量d ⑤反應(yīng)后F管及內(nèi)盛物的總質(zhì)量e
由以上數(shù)據(jù)可以列出計(jì)算W的相對原子質(zhì)量的兩個不同計(jì)算式（除W外，其他涉及的元素的相對原子質(zhì)量均為已知）：Ar(W)＝ 。
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image034.jpg)
21、（9分）某有機(jī)物X是農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)中的一種中間體，其結(jié)構(gòu)簡式為：
（1）X的分子式為____________
（2）X分子中含有的官能團(tuán)有______（用結(jié)構(gòu)簡式或名稱表示均可）
（3）X可能發(fā)生多種反應(yīng)，下列有關(guān)X發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的敘述中正確的是（ ）
A．在氫氧化鈉醇溶液中共熱能發(fā)生消去反應(yīng)
B．在銅作催化劑時加熱，可被氧氣氧化生成能發(fā)生銀鏡反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)
C．在濃硫酸存在時加熱可發(fā)生消去反應(yīng)
D．在鐵作催化劑時，可跟液溴發(fā)生取代反應(yīng)
（4）寫出X跟氫氧化鈉稀溶液共熱時所發(fā)生反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式
______________________________________________ __。
（5）X可能有多種同分異構(gòu)體，寫出符合下列條件的一種同分異構(gòu)體的結(jié)構(gòu)簡式: _。①苯環(huán)只有分處在對位的兩個取代基
②遇氯化鐵溶液不變色，但遇pH試紙顯紅色
年高三上學(xué)期期中考查（化學(xué)）.files/image036.jpg)
（1）x的最小值為
。
（2）原樣品中NaHCO3的質(zhì)量。
（3）樣品A中的成分及各成分的物質(zhì)的量。
安徽師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試
高 三 化 學(xué) 答 題 卷
第I卷選擇題答題表
題號
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
答案
題號
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
答案
第II卷 （非選擇題，共52分）
17．（5分）
（1）_________。
（2）__________ _，離子反應(yīng)式為_____ _________。
（3）_______________。 （4）_________。
18．（8分）
（1）_________________________ __ _______ ___，
_______________________________________________________________。
（2） _________（填“陽極”或“陰極”）， _______________________ _____，
__________（填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”）。
19．（10分）
（1）步驟②加鹽酸的作用是 ____ 。
（2）寫出檢驗(yàn)Ca2+的離子方程式 ___ 。
（3）寫出沉淀C所含主要物質(zhì)的化學(xué)式 。
（4）寫出步驟⑧用A試劑生成紅色溶液的離子方程式 ___ 。
（5）步驟⑨的作用是 __________ ，猜測步驟⑩的目的是 _ 。
20．（12分）
（1）B 、 C 、D ；
（2）連接好裝置后應(yīng)首先 ，
其方法是
；
（3） 。 。
（4）_______，其處理方法是__________________。
（5）計(jì)算式Ar(W)＝ 。
21．（9分）
（1）X的分子式為____________
（2）X分子中含有的官能團(tuán)有_________ __
（3）（ ）
（4）______________________________________________ __。
（5） _
22．（8分）
（1）x的最小值為 。
（2）
（3）
安徽師大附中2008-2009學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中考試
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