3.must / have to的區(qū)別:
、.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 即“說話人認(rèn)為必須”; have to側(cè)重于客觀上的需要, 含有“客觀上不得不”之意
a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.
b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.
、.must沒有時態(tài)的變化, 一般用于表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)? have to有時態(tài)的變化, 可用于過去, 現(xiàn)在, 將來各種時態(tài)
a. We must study hard when we are young.
b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.
c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.
d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.
e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.
③.它們的否定式mustn’t / not have to有很大的不同: mustn’t表示“不要(做某事)”, 有禁止之意; not have to表示“不必要(做某事)”, 含有“客觀上無此必要”之意
a. You mustn’t move a person if he is badly hurt.
b. You don’t have to be a doctor to do first aid.
2.表示“肯定是, 一定是”的推測意義; 與此對應(yīng), 表示“肯定不,一定不”用can’t, 而不用mustn’t
a. You must be very tired now.
b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.
c. He must have gone away. We don’t see him anywhere.
1.表示“必須”, 它的否定形式是need not / needn’t, 而不是must not / mustn’t, mustn’t表示禁止或不許做某事
a. You must set off at once.
b. You needn’t tell John about it.
c. You mustn’t play with fire.
4.在疑問句中表示懷疑, 不確定或不會有的情況, 即“否定的推測”
a. Can it be true ? 這是真的嗎?
b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通過考試了嗎?
’t / couldn’t在陳述句中可表示“肯定不, 一定不”的意思
a. He can’t be in the room right now.
b. It can’t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.
’t / couldn’t help doing sth表示“不得不,忍不住做某事”
a. People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor.
/ be able to do的區(qū)別:
、.be able to可用于各種時態(tài), 而can只有現(xiàn)在時can和過去時could
、.be able to可以和另一個不完全動詞連用, 如should be able to (應(yīng)該能夠), must be able to (必須能夠)等, 而can則不可以這樣用
③.強(qiáng)調(diào)“能力”時, 多用be able to
a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.
、.can可用于人或其他事物作主語的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名詞或代詞作主語的句子中
3.表示“會, 能”, 相當(dāng)于be able to
a. He can speak English.
b. Can you play tennis ?
c. Little Tom can’t move the big box.
2.在提建議時, 可用Can I / you… ?
a. Can I buy you a drink ?
1.表示許可或請求許可, 相當(dāng)于may. 但can比may用得更廣泛. can不僅表示說話人同意, 準(zhǔn)許, 還可以表示客觀條件許可. may通常只表示說話人同意或準(zhǔn)許
a. The class is over. You can go home now.
b. You can go there tomorrow.
c. Can I borrow your car for today ?
3.在提建議時, 可用May I … ?
a. May I carry your bag ?
b. May I make a suggestion ?
2.表示“可能, 也許” (在疑問句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示“是否可能, 會不會”的意思)
a. He may come today.
b. Is it likely to rain ?
c. Do you think the train will be late ?
d. Can the news be true ?這消息會是真的嗎?
1.表示“可以”, 即表示說話人許可或請求許可
a. You may take it away.
b. May I come in ?
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