Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the extreme experiment of Frederick in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the babies died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation (剝奪，喪失). What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the ability to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such extreme deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
Recent evidence suggests that a baby is born with the ability to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern “teddy bear”.
But speech has to be developed, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals reduces the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal (非語言的) signals is basic to the growth and development of language.
小題1:Frederick’s experiment was extreme because _________.
A．he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak
B．he wanted his nurses to say another language
C．he was unkind to the nurses
D．he ignored the importance of mothering to the babies
小題2:The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that _________.
A．they do not listen carefully to their mothers
B．their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak
C．their brain has to absorb too much language at once
D．their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them
小題3:In paragraph 3, by “critical times” the author means _________.
A．difficult periods in the child’s life
B．moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother
C．important stages in the child’s development
D．times when mothers often neglect their children
小題4:If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _________ in future.
A．have a high IQB．be less intelligent
C．not necessarily be backwardD．be insensitive to verbal signals
小題5:If the mother seldom responds to her child’s signals, _________.
A．the child will be able to speak properly
B．the child will continue to give out signals
C．the child will invent a language of own
D．the child will make little effort to speak

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:C
小題5:D

試題分析：本文介紹了母親在孩子的語言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要作用，如果沒有了母親的存在和對孩子的教育，孩子在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面可能就會存在著很多的困難。
小題1:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.可知他忽視了對孩子來說母親照顧的重要性。故D正確。
小題2:B 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段5,6,7行. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly.可知主要原因就是因為母親對孩子的回應(yīng)不夠敏感導(dǎo)致了這種情況的出現(xiàn)。故B正確。
小題3:C 推理題。根據(jù)本句There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly.可知照顧時間就是孩子學(xué)習(xí)最為迅速的時間，也是對孩子來說最重要的時間。故C正確。
小題4:C 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.可知有一些例子來說明那些開始的比較晚的人最后也可能有很高的智商，說明C項內(nèi)容正確。
小題5:D 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四段最后If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.可知如果如果母親對孩子的回應(yīng)不夠，孩子學(xué)習(xí)知識可能就會變的困難。故D正確。
點評：本文介紹了母親在孩子的語言學(xué)習(xí)中的重要作用，如果沒有了母親的存在和對孩子的教育，孩子在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面可能就會存在著很多的困難。推斷題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ever since man began to use the telephone, there have been new problems arising from the carrying of messages. At first, each message was carried by a pair of overhead wires. As a result, telephone exchanges were soon surrounded by thousands of wires. The wires were then replaced by cables (電纜)，each containing many pairs of wires. Each cable is capable of carrying many messages. These cables, laid underground, replaced the overhead wires.
The more extensive telephone services have become, the more demand for these services has increased, particularly the demand for long-distance services. In China, for example, this growth is now over 30% every year. Long-distance telephone exchanges are usually in crowded cities, where is not easy to lay new labels for expanding services.
The use of radio to send telephone message and to link all telephone exchanges makes it possible to get rid of overhead wires and some underground cables.
Now man has invented the microwave system ( 微波系統(tǒng) ). In a microwave system messages from various places can be brought together, and then they are sent out and received by radio. After that, the messages are split into their original form. Finally, they are sent to the places where they are going to be sent.
小題1:The word “message” ( in paragraph 1) is close in meaning to “______”.
A．electricityB．industryC．informationD．wave
小題2:A cable is different from an overhead wire, because it ________.
A．is made of wood
B．needs more exchange
C．carries more messages
D．is much longer
小題3:What does the word extensive mean？
A．growingB．usingC．holdingD．understanding
小題4:The best title for the passage would be “________”.
A．The Telephone and Its Past
B．From the Wire to the Microwave System
C．The Needs for Better Telephones
D．How to Use the Telephone

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, and even small frogs. What's more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they're found on every continent except Antarctica.
You've probably seen a Venus' flytrap -- a small plant, which grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks (莖) are leaves that act like traps (陷阱). Inside each trap is a lining of tiny hairs. When an insect lands on them, the traps suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus' flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society's Newsletter. He states although you might have read some science-fiction stories, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Barry says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: "attract, kill, digest, and absorb" some form of insects. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants -- well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar to produce food. What makes meat-eating plants different is their special leaves, which need insects for one reason: nitrogen (氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can't obtain any other way. Why?
Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. Meat-eating plants can't. They live in places where nutrients are hard to get from the soil because of its acidity. So they've come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soft is poisonous to meat-eating plants. Never fertilize (施肥) them! But don't worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they'll grow very slowly.
小題1:According to the passage, a Venus' flytrap ______.
A．is a small plant which grows in a container
B．is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily
C．can trap and feed on some form of insects
D．can only grow 6-8 inches tall
小題2:From the passage, we can infer that ______.
A．meat-eating plants are found nowhere else except Antarctica
B．a(chǎn)ll green plants get nitrogen from the soil
C．meat-eating plants endanger humans in science-fiction stories
D．the nutrient-poor soil is beneficial to meat-eating plants
小題3:Meat-eating plants grow very slowly, ______.
A．so you'd better fertilize them
B．probably because the supply of nitrogen is cut off
C．simply because they can't absorb nitrogen from the soil
D．a(chǎn)nd then they will die slowly
小題4:Which of the following is true?
A．Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants.
B．It's hard to get nutrients in the soil when acidity is high.
C．The Venus' flytrap eats flies to get nutrient from them.
D．Green plants make sugar at night.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It was a cold evening and my daughter and I were walking up Broadway．I didn’t notice a guy sitting inside a cardboard box．But Nora did．She wasn’t even four, but she  36  at my coat and said, “That man’s cold, Daddy,  37  we take him home?”
I don’t remember my reply．But I do remember a sudden  38  feeling inside me．I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in her  39 , whether it was  40  in flight or children playing．But now she was noticing  41  and beggary．
A few days later, I saw an article in the newspaper about volunteers who picked up a food package from a nearby school on a Sunday morning and  42  it to an elderly person．It was quick and easy．I  43  us up．Nora was  44  about it．She could understand the importance of food, so she could easily see how  45  our job was．When Sunday came, she was ready, but I had to  46  myself to leave the house to fetch the food package．On the way to the school, I fought an urge to turn  47 ．The Sunday paper and coffee were waiting for me at home．Why do this?  48 , we phoned the elderly person we’d been appointed．She  49  us right over．
The building was in a bad state．Facing us was a silver-haired woman in an old dress．She took the package and asked us to come in．Nora ran inside．I unwillingly followed． 50  inside, I saw that the apartment belonged to someone poor．Our hostess showed us some photos．Nora played and when it came time to say good-bye, we three hugged, I walked home in tears．
Professionals call such a（n） 51  a “volunteer opportunity”．They are opportunities, and I’ve come to see．Where else but as volunteers do you have the opportunity to do something  52 that’s good for others as well as for yourself? Nora and I regularly serve meals to needy people and  53  clothes for the homeless．Yet, as I’ve  54  her grow over these past four years, I still wonder ------ which of us has  55  more?
小題1:
A．pulledB．glancedC．pointedD．a(chǎn)imed
小題2:
A．wouldB．needC．canD．must
小題3:
A．generalB．heavyC．funnyD．simple
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)reaB．partC．eyesightD．world
小題5:
A．insectsB．a(chǎn)nimalsC．plantsD．birds
小題6:
A．coldnessB．sufferingC．illnessD．ignorance
小題7:
A．deliveredB．returnedC．devotedD．posted
小題8:
A．heldB．hurriedC．linedD．signed
小題9:
A．casualB．sorryC．a(chǎn)stonishedD．excited
小題10:
A．valuableB．creativeC．shockingD．simple
小題11:
A．pushB．stopC．a(chǎn)llowD．warn
小題12:
A．a(chǎn)wayB．backC．upD．out
小題13:
A．ThereforeB．ObviouslyC．StillD．Also
小題14:
A．calledB．promisedC．invitedD．helped
小題15:
A．AlthoughB．ThoughC．BecauseD．Once
小題16:
A．visitB．stayC．a(chǎn)dventureD．challenge
小題17:
A．fairB．famousC．difficultD．enjoyable
小題18:
A．wearB．makeC．orderD．collect
小題19:
A．letB．watchedC．madeD．noticed
小題20:
A．increasedB．triedC．benefitedD．seized

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I will tell you the truth about plastic bags－the positive and the negative sides and provide a solution to this problem. Whether it is a shopping bag, a food bag or a trash bag, they are all made of plastic bags. Grocery store owners are very generous in using plastic bags. They place the fruit in one bag and drop the box of milk in another. Ever wonder why?
The positive side of plastic bags
Grocery stores, shopping centres, and restaurants are not thrifty in using and giving out plastic bags because they cost no more than a cent each, while a paper bag costs four cents. Plastic bags are produced so cheaply and massively（大量地）that they are used by 80% of store owners. In addition, they are light and very easy to carry and store.
The production of plastic bags has increased greatly over the last 20 years and producers of plastic bags are making large profits. However, the negative side of plastic bags is becoming well-known. More people are now getting worried that the earth is becoming a victim of the plastic bag success story.
The negative side of plastic bags
While production and consumption（消費）of plastic bags is good for business, it is not so for our Mother Earth. They have resulted in an increase in the amount of litter found floating in water or in the streets where we live.
Plastic storage bags, after usage, usually go to landfills（垃圾填埋地）as trash bags. They make the oceans poison sea animals. They give off toxins（毒素）when burned. They simply pollute the ground, air and water.
That is the true cost of plastic bags, and it looks like it is more than a cent. These are very alarming concerns and proper action needs to be taken.
小題1:According to Paragraph 3, plastic bag producers ________.
A．a(chǎn)re now worried that the earth will become a victim of plastic bags
B．don’t think they have done enough to popularize plastic bags
C．have not realized the harm of plastic bags
D．have succeeded in popularizing the use of plastic bags
小題2:From the last three paragraphs, we learn that         .
A．plastic bags harm the earth severely
B．most plastic bags are not made use of
C．the prices of plastic bags are reasonable
D．plastic bags are the leading polluter on the earth
小題3:What will the writer most probably talk about in the following paragraph?
A．How plastic bags are produced.
B．How plastic bags are used.
C．How to popularize the use of paper bags.
D．How to solve the problems caused by plastic bags.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Certain animals know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a kind of bird Plover’s nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He notes that other kinds of birds ignore the loss of a single egg, but if more than one egg has been removed, they will give up their nests. It has also been noted that a certain type of bees always provides five—never four, never six—caterpillars (毛蟲) for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs have hatched out. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd (奇數(shù)) and even (偶數(shù)) numbers of food pieces.
These have led some people to think that creatures can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to questions about numbers with the correct number of barks.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as in the case of the eggs, or survive as in the case of food. They can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small—no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals which are trained to count one kind of objects were unable to count any other type. What interests them are the objects, not the numbers. Animals’ achievements simply are not equal to evidence of counting. They only show the results of clever, careful training.
小題1:The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to_______.
A．support the idea that animals can count
B．show attitudes have changed since 1786
C．prove that some animals are aware of quantities
D．indicate that more research is needed in this field
小題2:The author mentions all of the following are aware of quantities in some way EXCEPT _______.
A．caterpillarsB．bees
C．miceD．plovers
小題3:The underlined word “surreptitiously” probably means _______.
A．quicklyB．carefully
C．occasionallyD．secretly
小題4:Where does this text probably come from?
A．A news report.B．A science fiction.
C．A park guide.D．A biology magazine.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A. Be brave in your requests
B. You get what you tolerate
C. Don’t feel guilty of your requests
D. Don’t think others are mind readers
E. Don’t make a “no” mean more than it does
F. Be specific about what you want and when you want it
Be Bold: Ask for What You Really Want!
Have you ever been in a situation that is causing you to feel annoyed, frustrated, or unappreciated? We all experience them, but often we don’t have the courage to change them or ask for what we really want. Complaining about your problems never solves them. Only when you get clear about what you want, and are willing to ask for it, will you experience not only a lot less stress in your life, but greater success in your relationship, career and life. Here are five tips to help you on your way.
小題1:________________
We often think our bosses, colleagues and even our friends can understand our thought even without being told. So when they don’t act as we’d like, we feel hurt and upset. For any relationship to develop, both parties have to communicate their needs. Whether it’s how you’d like your colleague to communicate with you about a work project, or how you’d like your boss to assess your work, it’s necessary to convey what you want.
小題2:________________
When asking for what you really want, you will seldom, if ever, be given more than what you have the courage to ask for. So don’t weaken your requests to avoid being turned down. Think about what your ideal outcome would be and then confidently, courageously, ask for it. While you may not always get as much as you asked for, you will get more than you would have otherwise.
小題3:________________
In the workplace, the biggest reason for unmet expectations is a lack of understanding of exactly what is expected. A request that holds water needs to make clear not just what you want, but also the time limit within which you want it. That is, both a clear “what” and “when”. For example, “Could you please get the monthly sales report to me by midday Friday?
小題4:________________
Whether it’s asking your friend to show up on time, or asking your colleague to stop making jokes in your presence, every day, through what you say and do, you teach others how to treat you. Letting others know what you will （and will not）put up with and what you expect from them, is important to your wellbeing and success—at home and work.
小題5:________________
In reality you won’t always get what you ask for. Your boss won’t always give you the pay raise you’d like and your parents may not agree to mind your three kids every second weekend. When people say no, you can take it really personally and decide never to speak to them again—or you can accept it graciously and move on. At least now you know where you stand and can plan accordingly.
Asking for less than you really want—from yourself, from others and from life—doesn’t serve anyone. Remember that fortune favors the bold. So make bigger, better, bolder requests, and ask for what you really want. Who knows…you might just get it!

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s 2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 old. Welcome to your future life.
Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror, “Turn red,” you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe that you are 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle-aged.
As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you hear: “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic code on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appear on the counter as kitchen checks its food supplies.
“Ready for your trip to space. You ask your son and daughter.” In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space — and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacation. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, your add, “The doctor said you need these for space travel.” Thanks to medical advices, vaccination shots are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids head for the front door.
It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors. “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e-newspaper. The latest news downloads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages, you watch the news as video films rather than read it.
小題1:What changes the color of your shirt?
A．The mirror.B．The counter.C．The shirt itself.D．The medicine.
小題2:How do the shoes know that your shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal?
A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.
B．By listening to the doctor’s advice.
C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.
D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.
小題3:The strawberries the children eat serve as         .
A．lunchB．vaccinesC．breakfastD．nutrition
小題4:How is the text organized?
A．In order of time.B．In order of frequency.
C．In order of preference.D．In order of importance.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We live in a dangerous world. The figures for crime go up year by year. If you were attacked in the street, would you be able to defend yourself? Not very well probably, especially if someone was pointing a gun at you. We all see a lot of violence of films, but recently some programs on television showed how people can defend themselves without guns. For example, in one film a woman was attacked from behind. She threw the man, who was heavier and stronger than she was, over her head. Then she held him tightly on the ground. How? She knew Judo.
Jiu-jitsu, as judo is sometimes called, means "muscle science" in Japanese. The student of judo needs to learn a lot about the body, its bones and muscles. Judo uses a number of "falls", "holds" and "throws". Someone who does not know judo cannot defend himself against them. If you know judo you can defend yourself against a person who is stronger than you. You had better not practice judo on your friends unless they can fall without hurting themselves! Being strong is one thing, but using the body wisely is another. In judo, you use the other person's body to help you. You "throw" him to the ground and "hold" him there, so that he cannot move. Of course, it takes time and practice, but knowing judo is useful. In a violent world you ought to be able to defend yourself.
小題1:According to passage, in fact "judo" is ______.
A．the same as "Jiu-jitsu"B．a(chǎn) kind of fighting
C． a kind of muscle scienceD．is helpful to a strong man
小題2:Why does the writer say the world is dangerous?
A． The number of violence and crime is increasing every year.
B．Because many people carry guns.
C．Because there too many films.
D．Because people are not able to defend themselves.
小題3:Which of the following statement is true about the woman in the passage?
A．The woman held the man over her head.
B．The woman was heavier than the man.
C．The woman was able to defend herself.
D．The woman attacked the man from behind.
小題4:If a man knows judo, he ______.
A．will be good at muscle science.
B．will be able to avoid being attacked from his back.
C．may defeat any strong person.
D．can help himself by using the other person's body
小題5:What's the best title for this short passage?
A．How to defend oneselfB．Violence in films
C．How to practise judoD．Something about judo

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案