What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate(調(diào)查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone. The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.?
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(實證)must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正確性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(計算)that may test his investigations.
小題1:What makes a scientist according to the passage？
A．The tools he uses.B．His ways of learning.
C．The way he uses his tools.D．The various tools he uses.
小題2:“...knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.” The writer says this to show_______.
A．the importance of information
B．the difference between scientists and ordinary people
C．the importance of thinking
D．the difference between carpenters and ordinary people
小題3: A sound（合理的） scientific theory should be one that_______.
A．works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times
B．doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions
C．leave no room for improvement.
D．can be used for many purposes
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage？
A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.
B．The Theory of Relativity?.
C．Exactness is the core(核心)of science.
D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:D

試題分析：是什么品質(zhì)成就了一名科學家呢？是他學習的方式還是學習的工具使他與眾不同呢？答案是否定的。科學家之所以能成為科學家，不是因為他們使用的工具不同，而是因為他們使用工具的方式不同； 此外作為一名科學家，他們提供的理論必須是精確嚴密的。
小題1:C細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist.可知一個人之所以能成為科學家不在于他所使用的工具，而在于他如何使用這些工具。故正確答案為C。
小題2:C推理判斷題。根據(jù)句中的how可知如何去調(diào)查，如何去發(fā)現(xiàn)都需要運用人的思維能力，這些都是人們努力思考的結(jié)果，由此推斷作者說這些話的目的是想說明思考的重要性，故C為正確選項。
小題3:A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.可知科學理論指的是可以在一系列條件下面行得通的東西，必須在別的時候也可以在同樣的條件下行得通，所以答案選A。
小題4:D主旨大意題。文章開頭以設(shè)問方式提出中心What makes a person a scientist？然后在兩段中分別介紹科學家所應(yīng)該具有的品質(zhì)，即如何使用工具和知識的嚴謹精確，由此可知D為正確選項。
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Passage 1
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Passage 2
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A．An ad for a new book.
B．A poster about a lecture.
C．A note to a doctor in a university.
D．An introduction to a professor.
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A．Doctor Herman Friedman is a famous expert on environmental science.
B．A new book has been published recently by Doctor Herman Friedman.
C．The colorful new book, signed by him, will be sold before the talk.
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