Question

Some years ago industries had more freedom than they have now, and they did not need to be as careful as they must today. They did not need to worry a lot about the safety of the new products that they developed. They did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety of the people who worked for them. Often new products were dangerous for the people who used them; often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.
Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes. Also scientists who were doing research into the health of workers sometimes produced information which governments could not ignore. At such times, they inquire into the causes of the disasters or the problems. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however. the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
Today many governments have special departments which protect customers and workers．In the U.S, for example, there is a department which tests new airplanes and gives warnings about possible problems. It also makes the rules that aircraft producers must follow. Another department controls the foods and drugs that companies sell. A third department looks at the places where people work. and then reports any companies that are breaking the laws which protect the health and safety of workers. Of course, new government departments and new laws cannot prevent every accident or illness. but they are having some good results. Our work places are safer and cleaner than before. The planes and cars which we use for travel are better. Producers are thinking more about the safety and health of the people who buy and use their products.
小題1:The main topic of the passage is ___________________________________________.

A．conditions in the work place	B．the freedom of industries in the past
C．changes in industrial production	D．the safety and health of workers and customers

小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that in the past __________________________.

A．workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions

B．companies were free to put out any products they wanted to

C．many people were killed by dangerous products

D．industries were as careful in management as they are today

小題3:It is implied (暗示) in the passage that ________________________________________.

A．governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products

B．governments paid little attention to the safety of products

C．government officials often did not listen to scientists

D．in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:D

試題分析：
小題1:這是標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一自然段和最后一然段可以看出應(yīng)選D。
小題2:這是推理理解題。根據(jù)often conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.可以推出答案故選A.
小題3:這是推理理解題。根據(jù)New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries; however. the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.
可以推出過(guò)去政府沒(méi)有立法去保護(hù)工人的身體健康，故選D。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文中論述了工廠由于只看重生產(chǎn)不重視工人的身體健康，而導(dǎo)致許多人得了疾病，現(xiàn)在不同于過(guò)去了，生產(chǎn)廠家既改變了工人的工作環(huán)境又能保證了人們的健康狀況。標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)，多為詞組或短語(yǔ)，涵蓋性強(qiáng)。做這類題目時(shí)，要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，以文章話題為核心，通過(guò)比較選項(xiàng)的概括性或 覆蓋面，得出正確的標(biāo)題。正確標(biāo)題的歸納范圍要恰如其分，避免過(guò)于具體或斷章取義。錯(cuò)誤的干擾往往是局部信息，以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)替代概括大意。