As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夾). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互記憶)"

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access(獲取) it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

1.The passage begins with two questions to ______.

A. introduce the main topic

B. show the author's altitude

C. describe how to use the Interne.

D. explain how to store information

2.What can we learn about the first experiment?

A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.

C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.

D. The second group did not understand the information.

3.In transactive memory, people ______.

A. keep the information in mind

B. change the quantity of information

C. remember how to find the information

D. organize information like a computer

4.What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

A. We are becoming more intelligent.

B. We are using memory differently.

C. We have poorer memories than before.

D. We need a better way to get information.

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“Did I do something ________ ? Don’t you love me ________ , Mom?” were just a few of the questions he threw at me as I ________ asked him what was wrong.

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4.A. answered B. loved C. wrote D. examined

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9.A. out B. to college C. to Sacramento D. home

10.A. completing B. organizing C. planning D. comparing

11.A. hopefully B. particularly C. certainly D. finally

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13.A. immediately B. equally C. especially D. generally

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17.A. waiting for B. worrying about C. asking about D. caring for

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(Q = Question; A = Answer)

Situation I

Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?

A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesn’t realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren’t the first person he’s met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.

Situation II

Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?

A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you don’t have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.

Situation III

Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?

A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(動(dòng)作) and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.

Situation IV

Q: If I remember my friend’s birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?

A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”

Situation V

Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respond to it?

A: Don’t lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回復(fù)) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you don’t respond.

1.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?

A. By talking to him directly.

B. By pointing angrily at him.

C. By looking purposefully at him.

D. By making fun of him continuously.

2.The underlined word “belated” in Situation IV probably means ________.

A. delayed B. returned C. predicted D. regretted

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A. a person is too rude to you

B. a person sits too close to you

C. a person is too active

D. a person talks too loudly

4.What is the passage mainly about?

A. Different ways to change others’ manners.

B. Good manners to talk to people.

C. Proper manners to offer help to others.

D. Modern ways to mind your manners.

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