There has been a large increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in thefuture. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水閘)has protected the city from the threat (威脅)of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 31 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property(財產(chǎn)）in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脫水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(強度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed（安裝）in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
About 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption（消耗）. China depends heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
小題1:What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property
B．Where to build its flood defences
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city
D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences
小題2:Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
小題3:The major threats to Shanghai are __________.
A．increasing population and coal-fired power stations
B．rising sea levels and typhoons
C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons
小題4:The purpose of the passage is __________.
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：在過去的幾年里，自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的次數(shù)逐漸增加，人們普遍認為全球變暖的氣候變化會造成更多的自然災(zāi)害。一些世界級的大城市都在面臨著洪水，熱浪等災(zāi)害。比如在上海，由于能源消耗所引起的海水溫度上升會使上海面臨著臺風的危險，而巴黎則受著高溫熱浪的影響。
小題1:D推理判斷題。文章第二段but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. ….. by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved提到了倫敦防洪工事的老化，不能應(yīng)對新出現(xiàn)的情況，由此判斷D選項正確
小題2:C根據(jù)文章第五段和第六段內(nèi)容可知作為解決巴黎熱浪災(zāi)害的方法，A、B、D選項內(nèi)容均有涉及，而C選項內(nèi)容文章沒有提到，故答案選C。
小題3:B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)一、二段內(nèi)容可知上海僅僅高于海平面4米，而在下個世紀海平面 要升高20厘米，而且能源消耗所導(dǎo)致的海水溫度的上升，也會帶來臺風的危險，所以B選項正確。
小題4:D推理判斷題。作者在文章首段提到it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in thefuture.然后列舉了倫敦、巴黎和上海幾個大城市所面臨的潛在的自然災(zāi)害問題，由此可知作者是想警告人們逐漸增加的自然災(zāi)害的危險，故答案選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

During adolescence(青春期), peers（同齡人） play a large part in a young person's life and typically replace family as the center of a teen's social activities. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don't go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that "everyone's doing it" may influence some kids to leave their better judgment, or their common sense, behind. 
As children grow, develop, and move into early adolescence, contacts with one's peers and the attraction of peer identification (認同)increases. As pre-adolescents begin rapid physical, emotional and social changes, they begin to question adult standards and the need for parental guidance. They find it good to turn for advice to friends who understand— friends who are in the same position themselves. By trying new things and testing their ideas with their peers, there is less fear of being laughed at.
There are two levels of peer pressure. The first is in the large group: for most teens a school or a youth group are examples. This is the situation that gets the most attention. The second is in the close relationship with one or several best friends. This is the situation that is sometimes disregarded. The large group puts a general pressure on its members. It sets the standard for clothing, music, entertainment, and "political correctness". The pressure can be avoided by keeping quiet or by putting on the appearance of agreement.
小題1:Why can’t some children follow their common sense?
A．Because they want to be liked by everybody.
B．Because they don’t want to make fun of others.
C．Because they are curious about their new friends.
D．Because they think all the children will do the same.
小題2:When in pre-adolescence, who may children ask for suggestions?
A．ParentsB．TeachersC．FriendsD．Classmates
小題3:Which word can replace the underlined word disregarded in the last paragraph?
A．unnoticed B．mentionedC．disagreedD．a(chǎn)voided
小題4:What might be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．The reasons of peer pressure.
B．The advantages of peer pressure.
C．Peer pressure from close friends.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A recent experiment held in Japan shows that it is almost impossible for people to walk exactly straight for 60 metres. Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology found 20 healthy men and asked them to walk as straight as possible to a target 60 metres away at normal speed. Each man had to walk on white paper fixed flat to the floor wearing wet colored socks. The footprints revealed that all walked in a winding rather than a straight line. Researchers found that people readjust the direction of walking every few seconds. The amount of the winding differed from subject to subject. This suggests that none of us can walk in a strictly straight line. We walk in a winding way mainly because of a slight structural or functional imbalance of our limbs (四肢). Although we may start walking in a straight line, several steps afterwards we have changed direction.
Eyesight helps us to correct the direction of walking and leads us to the target. Your ears also help you walk. After turning around a lot with your eyes closed, you can hardly stand still, let alone walk straight.
It’s all because your ears help you balance. Inside your inner ear there is a structure which contains liquids. On the sides of the organ are many tiny hair-like structures that move around as the liquid flows. When you spin (旋轉(zhuǎn)) the liquid inside also spins. The difference is that when you stop, the liquid continues to spin for a while. Dizziness is the result of these nerves in your ear. When you open your eyes, although your eyesight tells you to walk in a straight line, your brain will trust your ears more, thus you walk in a curved line.
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A．the participants kept readjusting their direction of walking
B．a(chǎn)ll the participants had a good sense of direction
C．the experiment was done in different ways
D．none of the participants finished the 60 metres
小題2:The underlined word “subject” in Para. 1 refers to ________.
A．a(chǎn) person with a functional imbalance
B．a(chǎn) person chosen to be studied in an experiment
C．the subject one studies at school
D．the direction of walking
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A．prove that ears and eyes help us to walk straight
B．explain why we can hardly walk in a strictly straight line
C．point out the importance of noticing everyday science
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Zoology（動物學(xué)）is the part of science that deals with the study of the animals’ growth, home and behavior. It has nothing to do with people, so many students are left wondering why they have to learn it.
Our nature includes not just humans but plants and animals as well. Everything in our environment is connected in a complex cycle. If you have a better understanding of how animals would behave and work with us, then you would value nature better.
Some animals are actually misunderstood by people like sharks and snakes. These creatures are thought of as human killers, and this is mainly because we don’t understand why they behave that way. In zoology you would be able to learn natural behavior as well as their homes so you would completely understand why they would behave in a defensive(防御的) manner when they seem to be threatened. Studying zoology would help people achieve clearness over the common myths we have on different wild animals.
Studying zoology would help people know the real facts about animals. One of the negative facts is the decreasing numbers of some species of animals. It makes people realize that there is a need for nature to be always balanced. We need animals to keep the balance in our environment and for humans to survive as well. It would help us learn the needs that animals lack and we can respond by thinking of solutions we can give to the endangered species of animals.
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A．left aloneB．treated seriously
C．taken for grantedD．taken lightly
小題2:It is implied in Paragraph 4 that animals play a role of        .
A．making our world beautifulB．protecting species of plants
C．providing food for humansD．keeping nature in balance
小題3:To animals, humans should act as        .
A．caretakersB．killersC．competitorsD．trainers
小題4:The best title for the passage may be “     ”.
A．The Ways of Protecting Animals
B．The Importance of Studying Zoology
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D．The Advantages of Learning Zoology

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閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列各題。
Should the color be white or black? Or perhaps navy blue! Well, choosing the right graduation dress for middle school students can be a little difficult at times. Here are some ideas for graduation dress for middle school students.
For many students, middle school graduation marks a big change in their lives. This is a step that takes students away from junior high school but towards the elementary level before senior high school. Compared to elementary (初級的) school, middle school means more lessons and more classes, but of course, students can also see it as an opportunity to make new friends.
Well, it is no wonder that the graduation day of a middle school is often planned formally. Although this occasion is not considered to be really formal like a high school graduation, it is still celebrated in many ways. Besides, it is also considered to be a very important part of someone's life.
Many schools often have middle school graduation parties. Well, the question that often arises in the minds of young students is about the right graduation dress for themselves. Long flowing dress with caps are commonly seen. Students should always stick to a common graduation dress that creates uniformity (統(tǒng)一) among all. The dress can be royal blue, black or even golden. If they seem too formal for the party, you can even plan for a common color for all the students. For example, white shirts with black pants or skirts can serve the needs of such a special occasion.
Whether the graduation party is simple or great, the graduation dress for middle school students should be planned accordingly. The main idea would be to accept the success of the students and celebrate with family and friends.
小題1:What does the text mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小題2:What does middle school mean to students compared to elementary school? (no more than l2 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小題3:Please explain the underlined word “arises’’ in Paragraph 4 in English. (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小題4:What is the common graduation dress like? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小題5:What is the purpose of a graduation party? (no more than l5 words)
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year in late spring at Wild Friends, the wildlife health center, workers receive baby animals, including songbirds and rabbits. This is the busiest time when workers care for and raise all the little ones before sending them back into the wild.
There are many reasons for these little animals' coming to the center. First of all, street cats or dogs catch, injure or take away little birds from their nests. Sometimes people catch baby animals and keep them at home, giving them food that they are not used to. It would make them sick. Most people don't realize that it's against law to get live animals out of their nests.
As for songbirds, people often find them on the ground in their yards, thinking they have no other choice but to leave them on the ground to die. This is because many people wrongly believe that once a bird is touched by a person, its mother will not accept this child bird. But that's not true.
If a little bird falls out of the nest, you should check whether it is injured. If not, you should put the bird back in the nest. If the bird is injured, call your local wildlife center quickly.
As for the progress of protecting wild animals, people at Wild Friends devote all their energy to this work. Over the last weeks, they have been able to send many of the birds and rabbits that came here earlier this spring back to nature.
小題1:Which is the busiest season for workers at Wild Friends?
A．SpringB．Summer.C．Autumn.D．Winter.
小題2:Which of the following will probably injure young birds?
A．Giving them food they don't like.B．Letting them play with children.
C．Leaving them on the ground.D．Bringing them to the center.
小題3:If a young healthy bird is lying on the ground, you should ________.
A．wait for its motherB．help it go back home
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Having a child may improve a woman’s memory, a new study suggests.
In the study, women who were new mothers scored better on tests of visuospatial memory – the ability to understand and remember information about their surroundings—compared with women who didn’t have children.
The findings contradicts the old belief that women develop“baby brain" or a decline in memory and cognitive(認知的) function, after they have kids, said study researcher Melissa Santiago, a doctoral student at Carlos Albizu University in Miami. “You don’t have to feel that because you have kids, your memory isn’t the same," Santiago said.
The study was small, and the findings will have to be tested in larger groups of people, Santiago said.
Previous studies on the topic have had mixed results—some showed motherhood hurts cognition, and others showed the opposite. Studies on rats show those with pups have better memory than those without offspring.
Santiago analyzed information from 35 first-time mothers whose children were ages 10 to 24 months, and 35 women who had never been pregnant. Both groups scored similarly on intelligence tests. The average age of mothers was 29 and the average age of never-pregnant women was 27.
To test visuospatial memory, the women were shown a paper containing six symbols for 10 seconds, and then asked to draw what they remembered. This task was repeated several times. The first time women were shown the paper, both groups remembered about the same amount. But on the second and third pass, mothers performed better than those without children, indicating that the mothers collected more information each time than the other women.
Later, the women were shown a variety of different symbols, and asked to remember which ones were presented on the earlier task. Mothers did not make a mistake in this task—they remembered every symbol correctly—but those without children made one or two errors, Santiago said.
小題1: How did Santiago lead to the findings?
A．By observation.
B．By comparison.
C．By analyzing intelligence tests.
D．By asking women questions.
小題2:By saying “The study was small", what did Santiago mean?
A．The study received little attention.
B．The study has just started.
C．The study was carried out among a small group of people.
D．A small group of researchers were involved in the study.
小題3:Which of the following was discussed in the text?
A．Ways to test visuospatial memory.
B．Why having kids improves memory.
C．How young mothers are different from never-pregnant women.
D．The negative effects that worries of women without children have.
小題4: It can be inferred that Santiago believe the findings of the study_________.
A．may cause a heated discussion among parents
B．may cause an increase in the birth rate
C．a(chǎn)re tested by previous similar studies
D．a(chǎn)re encouraging news for mothers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

We all need a healthy environment. ____, we produce waste every day and it ____ harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do ____ to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real ____ to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a ____ life.
Remember these three _____: reduce, reuse and recycle.
Reduce means “use less”. Don't ____ things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really ____ or maybe the ____ one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from a ____ country.
Reuse means “use again”. Use things for ____ possible. When we buy things, make sure that they ____ a long time. We should take care of them ____ they will last, and we should ____ them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don't use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them ____.
Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it ____ energy to change something into something else, it’s better than ____ things or burning them. Find out ____ can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy ____ made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save ____.
小題1:
A．ThereforeB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Besides
小題2:
A．givesB．takesC．causesD．does
小題3:
A．somethingB．everythingC．nothingD．everything
小題4:
A．differenceB．mistakeC．effectD．help
小題5:
A．busyB．hardC．greenD．happy
小題6:
A．lettersB．wordsC．sentencesD．lessons
小題7:
A．buyB．produceC．saveD．waste
小題8:
A．necessaryB．importantC．helpfulD．useful
小題9:
A．cheapB．expensiveC．newD．old
小題10:
A．richB．developedC．foreignD．poor
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)s soon asB．a(chǎn)s long asC．a(chǎn)s much asD．a(chǎn)s well as
小題12:
A．useB．lastC．keepD．live
小題13:
A．so thatB．ifC．becauseD．though
小題14:
A．sellB．lendC．throwD．repair
小題15:
A．lessB．moreC．a(chǎn)gainD．better
小題16:
A．costsB．spendsC．takesD．pays
小題17:
A．throwing awayB．putting awayC．taking awayD．giving away
小題18:
A．thatB．whichC．whatD．how
小題19:
A．cupsB．bagsC．boxesD．products
小題20:
A．moneyB．treesC．paperD．time

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A regular drop in the sun’s radiation(輻射) can cause unusually cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries prepare for snowstorms.
Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation measured by sunspots on the surface reaches a peak then falls. But explaining a clear connection to weather is harder.
“Our research confirms the observed connection between solar change and regional winter climate,” lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email. The study was published in the magazine Nature Geoscience on Monday.
The researchers found that the reducing of ultraviolet(UV，紫外線) radiation from the sun can affect high-altitude wind patterns in the Northern Hemisphere(半球), causing cold winters.
“While UV levels won’t tell us what the day-to-day weather will do, they show us the bright future of improved forecasts for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These forecasts play an important role in long-term possibility planning,” Ineson, a climate scientist, said.
Ineson and colleagues from Imperial College London and the University of Oxford used satellite data that more accurately(精確的) measures UV radiation from the sun and found a much greater change than previously thought.
They found that in years of low activity, unusually cold air forms high in the atmosphere over the tropics. This causes a redistribution(重新分配) of heat in the atmosphere, making easterly winds that bring freezing weather and snowstorms to northern Europe and the United States and milder weather to Canada and the Mediterranean.
When solar UV radiation is stronger, the opposite occurs.
More study was needed, though. A key uncertainty in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it covers only a few years. “So questions remain concerning both accuracy(精確) and also applicability to other solar cycles,” she said.
小題1:The new finding claims cold winters in the North Hemisphere can be caused by ______.
A．a(chǎn) sharp rise in the amount of sunspots
B．a(chǎn) drop in the sun’s UV radiation
C．a(chǎn) complex computer model simulation
D．a(chǎn) clear link between the sun and the earth
小題2: It has long been known by scientists that ______.
A．UV radiation can affect high-altitude wind patterns
B．there’s a clear connection between the sun’s activity and weather
C．the sun’s radiation reaches a peak every eleven years
D．they can predict day-to-day weather conditions from UV levels
小題3:What will happen if the sun turns into years of high activity according to the finding?
A．Canada and the Mediterranean will have milder weather.
B．The whole Northern Hemisphere will suffer from extreme winter days.
C．Freezing cold weather will appear in northern Europe.
D．Burning hot weather will appear in the United States.
小題4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．researchers have analyzed the data collected in eleven years
B．long-term weather conditions can be accurately predicted depending on UV levels
C．the research doesn’t seem correct and true enough due to limited satellite data used
D．climate scientists have just begun their research in severe weather forecast

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