The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution has just published a report on new materials and has looked at the case of nanotechnology（納米技術(shù)）, which describes the science of the very small. Nanotechnology covers those man-made materials or objects that are about a thousand times smaller than the microtechnology（微電子技術(shù)）we use, such as the silicon chips of computers.
Nanotechnology gets its name from the nanometer, which is a billionth of a meter. There are about 600 consumer products already on the market that use nanotechnology. Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases.
The Royal Commission found no evidence of harm to health or the environment from nanomaterials, but this “absence of evidence” is not being taken as “evidence of absence”. In other words, just because there are no apparent problems, this is not to say that here is no risk now or in the future. The commission is concerned about the pace at which we are inventing and adopting new nanomaterials, which could result in future problems that we are ill-equipped to understand or even find with current testing methods.
One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material even if the chemical composition remains the same. Indeed, it is not the particle（顆粒）size that should concern us, but its functionality. Take gold, for example, which is a famously inert (惰性) substance, and valuable because of it. It doesn’t rust or corrode because it doesn’t interact with water or oxygen. However, a particle of gold that is between 2 and 5 nanometers in diameter becomes highly reactive. This is not due to a change in chemical composition, but because of a change in the physical size of the gold particles. How can a change in size result in a change of function? One reason is to do with surface area. Nanoparticles have relatively a much bigger surface area. It is like comparing the surface area of a basketball with the total surface area of many pea-sized balls with the same weight of the single basketball. The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds, indeed thousands of times bigger than the basketball, and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality—and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment.
小題1:Why does the writer mention microtechnology in the first paragraph?
A．to introduce the topic of nanotechnology
B．to help us better understand nanotechnology
C．to help us know more about microtechnology
D．to compare microtechnology with nanotechnology
小題2:The example of the “gold” in the last paragraph is intended to show that_________.
A．gold is valuable because it is an inert substance
B．a(chǎn)n inert substance like gold doesn’t interact with water or oxygen
C．the function of gold is steady because it is an inert substance
D．the function of gold changes when made into something very small
小題3:Which process explains that there might be risks in nanotechnology?
A．expand surface area →increase interactivity → change functionality→cause possible dangers
B．expand surface area → change functionality → increase interactivity →cause possible dangers
C．increase interactivity → expand surface area → change functionality→cause possible dangers
D．increase interactivity → change functionality → expand surface area→cause possible dangers
小題4:What does the passage mainly focus on?
A．the introduction of nanotechnology and its wide use
B．the present use of nanotechnology and its future
C．the potential danger nanotechnology may bring us
D．the proposal to stop nanotechnology due to the potential danger

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:C

試題分析：人們在生活中時常會碰到納米技術(shù)這個術(shù)語，那么什么是納米技術(shù)呢？納米技術(shù)對我們是有害還是有益呢？本文作者認為沒有證據(jù)能證明納米技術(shù)對人類無害并不等于納米技術(shù)對人類真正無害。作者在文中通過舉例來說明納米技術(shù)對物質(zhì)性能的改變很可能會對人類和環(huán)境造成危害。
小題1:B推理判斷題 。人們僅僅知道納米技術(shù)這個術(shù)語，但是很多人不明白其含義，于是作者通過與微電子技術(shù)相對比，讓讀者更好的了解納米技術(shù)，所以答案選B。
小題2:D 推理判斷題。文章末段首先介紹One of the problems about nanotechnology is that when we make something very small out of a well known material, we may actually change the functionality of that material納米技術(shù)會改變一種物質(zhì)的功能，然后提出以黃金為例（Take gold, for example）,由此可知作者用黃金這種物質(zhì)為例來說明當黃金通過納米技術(shù)被制成微小的物質(zhì)時，它的功能性質(zhì)會發(fā)生變化，答案選D。
小題3:A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末段中用同等重量的籃球和很多豌豆大小的球相比The pea-sized balls have a surface area many hundreds,…… and this allows them to interact more easily with the environment. It is this increased interactivity that changes their functionality—and makes them potentially more dangerous to health or the environment.可以得知A選項的過程能準確反映納米技術(shù)可能導致的危險，故答案選A。
小題4:C主旨大意題。文章首段向人們介紹了納米技術(shù)，然后在第二段提出Nanomedicine is also being developed to fight cancer and other fatal diseases.，再從下文中通過舉例來說明納米技術(shù)可能對人類以及環(huán)境存在的危害，故C選項內(nèi)容更能反映文章中心。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

While learning the science lessons，I used to get a doubt—why ear，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses？The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs，they do show some connectivity.Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isn’t it good for a sound nap after a stomach­full meal？That does not mean we go deaf after a meal，but the hearing pitch(強度) does change after a heavy meal.
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue，but do you know that unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something，our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try_to_dry_off_your_tongue_and_mouth_with_a_tissue_paper_and_then_taste_something.
Women are much better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint the exact fragrance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents(氣味)，which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone，but to the slightest bit of noise around too.Thus surgeons，watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound­free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(擴大) their pupils，change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision，you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision，rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also modified by the environment，diet and personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.
小題1:We can learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．a(chǎn)fter a full meal our hearing is as good as before
B．a(chǎn)ll sensory organs are connected and can be exchanged
C．sensory organs’ functions can never be changed for their particular character
D．we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes，ears，nose and tongue
小題2:What is the text mainly about?
A．The functions of sensory organs.
B．The connectivity of sensory organs.
C．A newborn’s senses of the sensory organs.
D．The differences of senses between women and men.
小題3:What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．Our tongues can’t be dried while eating something.
B．If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it，it will not work.
C．A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.
D．If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper，it may work as well as before.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fish species are expected to shrink in size by up to 24% because of global warming, say scientists.
The scientists argue that failure to control greenhouse gas emissions will have a greater effect on marine ecosystems than previously thought. Previous research has suggested that changing ocean temperatures would affect both the distribution and the reproductive abilities of many species of fish. This new work suggests that fish size would also be heavily affected.
The researchers built a model to see how fish would react to lower levels of oxygen in the water. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures of fish. But, according to lead author, Dr William Cheung, from the University of British Columbia, the lower level of oxygen in the water is key. Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and greatly reduce fish body weight. On the other hand, rising temperatures directly increase the metabolic rate of the fish's body function. This leads to an increase in oxygen demand for normal body activities. So the fish will run out of oxygen for growth at a smaller body size.
The research team also used its model to predict fish movements as a result of warming waters. The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earth's poles at a rate of up to 35km per decade. "So in, say, the North Sea," says Dr Cheung," one would expect to see more smaller-body fish from tropical waters in the future."
Taking these factors into consideration, the research team concludes that fish body size will shrink between 14% and 24%, with the largest decreases in the Indian and Atlantic oceans.
When compared with actual observations of fish sizes, the model seems to underestimate what's actually happening in the seas. The researchers looked at two case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock. They found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.
Dr Alan Baudron, from the University of Aberdeen, UK, believes smaller-sized fish could seriously affect the ability of fish to reproduce. "Smaller fish produce fewer and smaller eggs which could affect the reproductive potential of fish stocks," he said.
小題1:What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Global warming makes fish smaller.
B．Global warming makes fish decrease in numbers.
C．Global warming affects the fish distribution.
D．Global warming affects the ability of fish to reproduce.
小題2:What is the key factor making the fish smaller now?
A．The rising body temperatures.
B．The lower level of oxygen in the water.
C．The increasing metabolic rate.
D．The normal body activities.
小題3:We can infer that as ocean temperatures increase          .
A．more big fish will be born in the sea
B．fish tend to swim towards the shore
C．fish tend to move towards the warm areas
D．fish tend to move towards the colder areas
小題4:What does the underlined word "underestimate" mean?
A．make an exact prediction ofB．make too low an estimate of
C．make too high an estimate ofD．make a careful study of

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower（人力資源） for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully dropout in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and the famous law of diminishing(逐漸減少的) returns begins to take effect.
Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average salary for those truckers was $24000 while the full professors managed to earn just $23030.
A doctorate is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a future which is not bright. There are more doctors unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.
If you become a doctor in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of doctors are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater(閉塞) college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
小題1:According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.
A．will not be a disgrace to society
B．will become loyal citizens
C．can take care of themselves
D．can meet the nation’s demand as a source of manpower
小題2:Many doctors are out of job because ______.
A．they are improperly educated
B．they are of little commercial value to their society
C．there are fewer jobs in high schools
D．they prefer easier jobs that make more money
小題3:The nation is only interested in people ______.
A．with diplomas
B．who specialize in physics and chemistry
C．who are valuable to the gross national product
D．who receive little education
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Bernard Shaw didn’t finish high school, nor did Edison.
B．One must think carefully before pursuing a master’s degree.
C．The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.
D．If you are too well-educated, you’ll be overeducated for society’s demands.
小題5:The writer sees education as ______.
A．a(chǎn) means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country’s demands for technical workers
B．a(chǎn) way to broaden one’s horizons
C．more important than finding a job
D．a(chǎn)n opportunity that everyone should have

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are some new drivers going back to school. Teens who have recently gotten their driver's licenses may be taking the wheel to school this fall. However, parents fear when their teen starts driving. And it turns out that such parental fears are justified, so it's worth reviewing how to keep your teen safe while he or she is behind the wheel.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among US teens. Drivers 16 to 19 years old are at the greatest risk of crashes. In fact, their risk is 4 times greater than that of older drivers. The teens at the greatest risk are those who are male, those carrying other teenage passengers in the car, and those still in their first year of driving. Nearly 50 percent of teen deaths related to automobile crashes happen on Fridays, Saturdays, or Sundays between the hours of 3 pm and midnight.
Why are teens at higher risk of motor vehicle crashes?
Development. Teens haven't completely matured mentally and have greater risk­taking behaviors, possibly because they tend to underestimate the risk associated with a particular behavior. Teens also have a greater tendency to speed and to drive too close to the cars in front of them.
No seatbelts. Teens have the lowest rate of seatbelt use among all driving groups.
Alcohol. A least 25 percent of motor vehicle deaths in teens are related to drinking alcohol.
Technological distractions(分散注意力的事)．Cellphones，texting，MP3 players，and the like can all distract drivers greatly—and who more than teenagers?
Be aware of your teen's driving practices and discuss safe driving habits when opportunities present themselves. Check out the applications and devices now available for restricting your teen's use of technology while driving. Some applications alert you to the danger when your teen is texting while the vehicle is moving. Another device blocks incoming and outgoing texts when the car is running—incoming messages get an automatic reply (eg. “I'm driving right now”), and phone calls go directly to voicemail. You can also get notifications if your teen tries to shut off the program. There are also GPS programs that let you know your new driver's whereabouts at all times. All in all, you can't be too cautious when teaching your teen how to be safe on the road.
小題1:What factor is least related to the teen drivers' high risks of crashes?
A．Drivers' age.B．Passengers' sex.
C．Driving experience.D．Driving time.
小題2:Teens probably turn away their attention from driving when they are ________.
A．using no seatbeltsB．drinking water
C．carrying passengersD．a(chǎn)nswering cellphones
小題3:According to the passage, which should be prevented during teens' driving?
A．Texting.B．GPS programs.
C．Automated replies.D．Voicemail.
小題4:The author writes the last paragraph in order to ________.
A．offer parents practical suggestions
B．summarize teens' driving practices
C．a(chǎn)dvocate different driving habits
D．set an example for the teens

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Henry was not   at math. Even when the teacher explained something a second time, he still couldn’t     it.
“Never mind. I’ll sit    the boy who’s the best at    ,” Henry thought, “and      his answers.”
The day of the exam    , and Henry sat next to Allan,     was    at the top of the class in math. Henry copied Allan’s answers     his own exam paper. At the end of the exam, the teacher said, “Well, boys and girls, I’ve decided to give a red    to the student who got the    grade. It’s     for me to decide who I’ll give the star to, however,       two students, Henry and Allan, got the     grade.” After a moment she went on, “       I’ve decided to give the star to    this time.”
Henry was _  __ when he heard this. He stood    and said, “But I got the same grade as Allan, madam.”
“That’s    .” The teacher said. “However, Allan’s answer to Question 6 was ‘I don’t know.’, but    was ‘Nor do I.’ .”
小題1:
A．wellB．bestC．betterD．good
小題2:
A．retellB．understandC．rememberD．a(chǎn)nswer
小題3:
A．in front ofB．besidesC．behindD．next to
小題4:
A．English B．ChineseC．scienceD．math
小題5:
A．checkB．chooseC．keepD．copy
小題6:
A．endedB．cameC．overD．start
小題7:
A．whoB．thatC．whomD．which
小題8:
A．neverB．a(chǎn)lmost C．sometimesD．a(chǎn)lways
小題9:
A．inB．onC．a(chǎn)tD．onto
小題10:
A．starB．coatC．penD．book
小題11:
A．leastB．bestC．lowestD．highest
小題12:
A．unusualB．easyC．hard D．important
小題13:
A．becauseB．though C．untilD． if
小題14:
A．lowB．highC．differentD．same
小題15:
A．SoB．BecauseC．AndD．But
小題16:
A．nobodyB．HenryC．AllanD．a(chǎn)nybody
小題17:
A．a(chǎn)fraid B．worriedC．pleasedD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題18:
A．outB．upC．forD．by
小題19:
A．wrongB．trueC．OKD．a(chǎn)ll right
小題20:
A．yoursB．mineC．hisD．others’

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The purpose of a letter of application(求職信)is to help you to“sell”yourself. It should state　　the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have　　. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without　　out any necessary facts.
In writing a letter of application, keep in　　that the things a possible employer is most　　to want to know about are your qualifications(條件), your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. 　　the first few sentences fail to　　the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be　　at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not　　your own need or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your　　in today’s newspaper”, you might say“I have made a careful　　of your advertising during the past six months”or“I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives　　your product and why they like it. ”
Try to　　generalities(概述). Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now　　. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask“What can I　　in a letter? Employers want experience—which, naturally, no　　has. ”The answer is that everything you have ever done is　　.
It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 　　a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent　　is to enclose(內(nèi)附)a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it　　for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
小題1:
A．easilyB．carefully
C．obviouslyD．clearly
小題2:
A．doneB．found
C．knownD．heard
小題3:
A．sendingB．leaving
C．takingD．picking
小題4:
A．brainB．sight
C．mind D．order
小題5:
A．probableB．possible
C．a(chǎn)ble D．likely
小題6:
A．WhileB．Although
C．IfD．As
小題7:
A．win B．pay
C．show D．fix
小題8:
A．keptB．read
C．writtenD．continued
小題9:
A．fromB．for
C．into D．to
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)rticleB．report
C．a(chǎn)dvertisementD．introduction
小題11:
A．watch B．study
C．searchD．discussion
小題12:
A．useB．make
C．sell D．change
小題13:
A．gainB．remember C．protectD．a(chǎn)void
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)pplyingB．losing
C．preparingD．fitting
小題15:
A．offerB．supply
C．provideD．mean
小題16:
A．workerB．manager
C．ownerD．beginner
小題17:
A．successB．experience
C．practice D．development
小題18:
A．StateB．Ask
C．Make D．Get
小題19:
A．result B．idea
C．promiseD．decision
小題20:
A．easierB．happier
C．cheaperD．safer

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power.
The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances.
The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter(濾水器)that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. “When we took a syringe(注射器)of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb,” said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. “The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get.”
The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions(陽離子)fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface repels negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current.
According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. “The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839,” he said. “So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it.”
Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. “You’d need to be sure it wouldn’t leak, and you’d need to make sure it wouldn’t freeze,” he said.
More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. “It could compete with wind and solar power,” he added.
小題1:What does the passage mainly want to tell us about?
A．A kind of solar power discovered by scientists.
B．A kind of new energy source found in tap water.
C．The breakthrough to generate electricity 160 yeas ago.
D．A kind of new battery invented without poisonous substances.
小題2:The underlined word “repels” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A．rejectsB．identifiesC．a(chǎn)ttractsD．rebels
小題3:Why were the scientists extremely happy about their new discovery?
A．They were the first to find a new way to produce electricity.
B．They could make an electric current to light a light bulb.
C．Their discovery could be used to invent water batteries.
D．Their discovery was made 160 years earlier than Faraday’s.
小題4:What can we infer about potential water batteries?
A．They must be used to power mobile phones and calculators.
B．They have some possible disadvantages like water leaking.
C．They would be needed greatly at city water filtration sites.
D．They would be better than wind and solar power.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dear Dean,
It is my understanding that this college has received a large donation to be used to improve the quality of life for students: expand the bookstore or add computers to the lab. I strongly argue in favor of the addition of more computers.
We have to think about a greater goal and a more practical way to enhance the quality of life for students. Do we want our college to be known as a place with a great bookstore where you can find CDs and gifts, or as a place where the students can research in their field using the best tools provided by technology?
As a learning institution, this college has the responsibility to offer its students the best technology to help them prepare for their future, since many students will be expected to be familiar with the latest software and other tools when they go on to work.
While they are in college, students find they are expected to use computers. They are asked to create PowerPoint presentations and research many topics on the Internet. Being able to do projects using the computer also gives students the opportunity to find information that without a computer would be much more difficult to find. Since students are competing for good grades, those who have limited access to computers are at a great disadvantage.
If there are more new and faster computers accessible, students will be able to complete their work more efficiently. No more will they have to wait in line, paper and disk in hand, while scanning the room for an empty chair and computer. No longer will they have to sit and wait while an outdated computer struggles to follow their commands.
The more computers are used in society, the more colleges will depend on them as a tool of teaching and learning. Making computers more accessible to students facilitates their learning process by making it much easier and more engaging(專注), and eventually improves their quality of life.
小題1:The purpose of the author in writing the passage is________.
A．to explain why students are in great need of computers
B．to tell us what benefits students can gain from computers
C．to persuade the Dean to purchase more advanced computers
D．to describe the problems caused by lack of computers
小題2:The author mainly wants to tell us in paragraph four that ________.
A．computers are beneficial to students’ academic success
B．computers are the only access to good grades for students
C．students find it convenient to do homework by computers
D．students wish to use more money to buy more computers
小題3:The underlined word “facilitates” can be replaced by________.
A．furthersB．equipsC．predictsD．troubles
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A.

B.

C.

D.

CP: Central point    P: Point    SP: Sub-point(次要點)    C: Conclusion

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