In an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time–consuming for people. Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments. Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.
Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended. In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.
小題1:What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The success of animal experiments should be ensured.
B．A ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.
C．Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.
D．Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.
小題2:Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?
A．America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.
B．Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.
C．Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does.
D．Japan has less comprehensive data on the number of lab animals used each year.
小題3:Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?
A．Statistical studies.
B．Computer models.
C．DNA planted in animals.
D．Tissue from dead animals.
小題4:What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?
A．They are not revealed to the public.
B．They are made into teaching materials.
C．They are collected for future publication.
D．They are not removed from the research topic list.

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A

試題分析：文章是關(guān)于科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的文章。在一個(gè)理想的世界里，人們將不會(huì)用動(dòng)物來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)。目前的現(xiàn)狀是，每年都有5000萬(wàn)到一億的動(dòng)物用于研究。應(yīng)該采取措施，減少實(shí)驗(yàn)所用動(dòng)物的數(shù)量，提高實(shí)驗(yàn)的科學(xué)方法，以減少浪費(fèi)。
小題1:根據(jù)“Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended. In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use.”可知，極力推薦使用人體組織或計(jì)算機(jī)模型來(lái)代替動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)，共享實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以減少科研用動(dòng)物的數(shù)量。文章主要講的是，實(shí)驗(yàn)用掉大量的動(dòng)物，應(yīng)該采取措施，來(lái)減少實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物的用量。故選C。
小題2:根據(jù)“its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats”排除B；根據(jù)“Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading...., the true figure is much higher”可知，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；”Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.”中國(guó)和日本的實(shí)驗(yàn)用動(dòng)物的數(shù)量都比美國(guó)少，美國(guó)又比英國(guó)少，因此，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故選D。
小題3:根據(jù)“Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended.”可知，人體組織和教師節(jié)模型被推薦替代動(dòng)物。故選B。
小題4:根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.”可知， 失敗的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)不會(huì)被公開(kāi)，失敗的實(shí)驗(yàn)浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間、金錢(qián)和動(dòng)物的生命。故選A。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A．produce bottled water includes the energy required to drink it
B．distribute bottled water includes the energy for producing the bottles
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