科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A migraine（偏頭痛）can cause disabling pain. People may not feel back to normal for hours or even days. Migraines are most common among young adults and middle-aged people. In the United States, about eighteen percent of women and six percent of men report having migraines.
People who suffer from migraines can find that different “triggers（誘因）”in different people may get a headache started. Stress can act as a trigger. So can chocolate in some people. Many migraine sufferers say hot weather and low barometric pressure（大氣壓）can act as triggers. But researchers say they do not have much scientific evidence of that — until now.
In a new study, a team examined the medical records of seven thousand hospital patients. The patients had visited the emergency room at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, because of a headache. More than two thousand of them had been found to have a migraine.
The team then compared those records to weather conditions in the twenty-four hours before the hospital visits. For every increase of five degrees centigrade in air temperature, the patients had a seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine. Decreases in barometric pressure two to three days before the visit also appeared to trigger headaches.
The researchers found no evidence that air pollution influenced headaches. But they could not rule out the possibility of a smaller effect.
A separate study has found that age, gender and where a person has extra body fat may affect the risk of migraine. It found that overweight people between the ages of twenty and fifty-five may have a higher risk. On average, those who were larger around the middle were more likely to have migraines than those of the same age with smaller waistlines.
The study involved twenty-two thousand people. It was led by Lee Peterlin. She says early results suggest that losing weight in the stomach area may help younger people who experience migraines, especially women.
41. From the first paragraph, we can infer a migraine can ________.
A. make people unable to walk
B. prevent people acting normally
C. cause people to leave home for days
D. get people to suffer from mental disorder
42. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. chocolate acting as a trigger
B. stress acting as a trigger
C. hot weather and low barometric pressure acting as triggers
D. high air p
ressure acting as a trigger
43. According to the passage, headaches are influenced least by ________.
A. body weight B. barometric pressure
C. air temperature D. air pollution
44. In the opinion of Lee Peterlin, a person who has a migraine should ________.
A. avoid gathering fat in the stomach area
B. eat more sweet food every day
C. stay warm in good weather
D. keep away from noisy places
45. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Overweight people may have a lower risk of migraines.
B. Weather is linked to migraines.
C. Migraines are a headache for many people.
D. Women suffer more migraines than men do.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年湖北省荊門市高二上學期期末教學質量檢測英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Everyone has good days and bad days.
Sometimes, you feel as if you’re on top of the world and all the questions on your maths test might seem easy. But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and cannot focus on our schoolwork.
For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem(自尊) is the key to success.Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can make people less likeable or more upset when they fail in something.
“Forget about self-esteem,” says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, US. “It’s not the important thing.”
Feeling good
Crocker’s advice may sound a bit strange. After all, feeling good can be good for you.Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.
However, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.
He believes that violent people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said:“ There’s no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.”
Problems
All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos(自我) that can make them less likeable, said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, VOhs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.
What to do
Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail in something, try to learn from the experience. “The best therapy(藥方) is to recognize your faults,” Vohs says. “It’s OK to say, ‘I’ m not so good at that,’ and then move on.”
【小題1】What does the underlined part “on top of the world” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．Quite helpful. | B．Extremely happy. | C．Very unlucky. | D．Rather upset. |
| A．is not important at all | B．makes people more likeable |
| C．may not be the key to success | D．helps you do better at school |
| A．Feeling good doesn’t mean you lead a happy life. |
| B．People with high self-esteem always seek others’ help. |
| C．People with high self-esteem tend to be selfish. |
| D．People with low self-esteem are often more popular. |
| A．with high self-esteem | B．with low self-esteem |
| C．who contribute significantly to society | D．who are in need of support |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年江西省高安中學高二下學期期末考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
If you give something to someone for free, will that person value it and use it? Development experts have debated this question for decades. Some think the act of paying causes people to value something and use it more.
Selling necessary health treatments, others argue, may deny them to the people who need them the most.
Consider, for example, chemically treated bed nets, which kill mosquitoes anti protect people against malaria(瘧疾)while they are sleeping. William Easterly, an economist at New York University, believes this is one example of development having gone wrong. In a recent book, Professor Easterly suggests bed nets given free in Africa are often used for the wrong purpose. Yet, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bed nets be given out free and used by whole communities. The success of a large free bed net campaign in Kenya led the WHO to announce this recommendation
This debate will likely influence social programs in the developing world. Many non-governmental organizations support the creation of self-supporting programs in poor countries. Goods and services are sold for a price to help these programs survive.
According to Rachel Glenerster, who runs a research lab doing development and poverty studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, her several studies have proven that small price changes have a big influence on the number of people who use a product. A price change will reduce the total amount of use of the product as well, she says. She has also found no evidence that the very act of paying for something changes how people use it.
As for a particular product among special populations, some development experts argue that pricing is useful. When it comes to bed nets, Miss Glenerster says research shows no evidence of this. People are just as likely to use a bed net whether they paid for it or not.
【小題1】 The debate among experts focuses on .
| A．a special use of bed nets in Africa |
| B．the use of assistance-related products |
| C．the importance of social programs for the poor |
| D．a popular way to help the poor |
| A．can only be sold to the rich | B．should be completely free |
C．are to o expensive | D．are not needed by the poor |
| A．The WHO's advice may not be always practical. |
| B．Many Africans don't know the function of bed nets. |
| C．The case of Kenya is doubtful. |
| D．Bed nets given to Africans are poor in quality. |
| A．Some of them may become financially independent. |
| B．Many of them will not be organized by the government. |
| C．Some of them will go to developed countries. |
| D．Most of them will be free of charge. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆廣東省廣州市普通高中高三綜合測試（一）英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
Many psychologists in the early twentieth century believed that humans use only 10 percent of their brains, and even the great Albert Einstein once wrote that most people use only a small portion of the grey matter between their ears. It’s a theory that has often been put forward in television documentaries; magazines, advertisements and books over the past century.
But nearly all scientists now agree the 10 percent theory is completely unfounded. In fact, they question how this figure was ever arrived at in the first place and what areas of the brain are supposed to be unneeded. The theory supposes that if 90 percent of the brain were removed, a person would Still be able to function normally, while in reality it is known that damage to even a small area of the brain can result in extremely serious physical injury different activities and that many areas of the brain are used at the same time for some complex activities or thought processes.
Throughout the course of one day, most .areas of the brain are active at some time, even during sleep. The 10 percent theory suggests that certain areas o’ the brain are not used, but scans slow activities throughout the entire brain and not in any separate part. The final argument against the 10 percent theory is the fact that doctors carefully map the brain before removing brain cancers so that they don’t affect other essential areas.
From an evolutionary point of view, it’s highly unlikely butt our comparatively larger brains would have evolved from our ancestors if the extra areas were not needed. In fact, there is absolutely no evidence support the 10 percent theory.
【小題1】How did the 10 percent theory get such widespread popularity?
| A．It was promoted in various types of copular media. |
| B．Albert Einstein argued strongly in support. |
| C．It was proven in scientific research. |
| D．Few people could prove it wrong. |
| A．undiscovered | B．unproven | C．unknown | D．unnecessary |
| A．We use less than 10% of our brains. |
| B．Most brain disorders affect the same part of the brain. |
| C．The brain is less active during times of sleep. |
| D．The 10 percent theory does not make evolutionary sense. |
| A．People today use more of their brain than in the past. |
| B．Scientific opinion about the topic of brain use is equally divided. |
| C．Our understanding of the brain has changed greatly in the past decades. |
| D．Modern scientists have a complete picture of how the brain works. |
| A．To present two sides of brain theory. |
| B．To criticize the 10 percent theory. |
| C．To explain how brain works. |
| D．To describe the history of brain research. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學年四川省高三下學期月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
An estimated 80 percent of American adults think music lessons, though at times boring and challenging in the eyes of some kids, improve children’s ability to learn or their performance in school . They say that the satisfaction for learning to play a new song helps a child express creativity.
Researchers at Harvard University, however, have found that there’s one thing musical training does not do. Samuel Mehr, the leading researcher of the new study, said it is wrong to think that learning to play a musical instrument improves a child’s intellectual development. The evidence comes from studies that measured the mental ability of two groups of 4-year-olds and their parents. One group attended music class; the comparison group went to a class that places importance on the optical arts-arts that can be seen.
“We found no evidence for any advantage on any of these tests for the kids participating in these music classes,” said Mehr.
Samuel Mehr says researchers have carried out many studies in an effort to learn whether musical training can make children smarter. Only one study seems to show a small percentage increase in IQ, intellectual scores among students after one year of music lessons.
He does not believe that IQ is a good measure of a child’s intelligence. Therefore, the researchers in his study compared how well children in the musical training group did on mental processing tasks, then the results were compared to those of children who did not take lessons.
Music lessons may not offer children a fast easy way to gain entry to the best schools later of their life, but the training is still important.
Mr Mehr notes that the works of writer William Shakespeare are not taught , so the children will do better in physics. He says Shakespeare is taught because it is important for cultural reasons.“And I don’t think music needs to be any different than that.”
1.What attitude do most American grown-ups have towards music lessons? _________
A. Uninterested B. Approving C. Doubtful D. Uncertain
2.The underlined word“optical”in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A. visual B. colorful C. traditional D. serious
3.According to Samuel Mehr, _________ .
A. many studies show that music training can improve IQ
B. IQ is a good measure of a child’s intelligence
C. music can enable a child to go to a better school
D. music should be taught for cultural reasons
4.The study shows that .
A. early music training has negative effects
B. musical lessons should be stopped at school
C. musical training doesn’t improve kids’ intelligence
D. playing musical instrument makes kids more creative
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