Three years ago I listened to a lecture on cognition that changed the way I think about intelligence. There are two types of cognition, and the first is normal cognition the ability to regain knowledge from memory. The second type of cognition is metacognition(元認(rèn)知) the ability to know whether or not you know.
Does this affect intelligence? In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. But others are awarded with poor grades and considered inferior (not as good as). But does this inability make them any less intelligent? If the question came up on a task, they could refer to a book or a quick Google search. In reality they’re just as effective as the people that ace a test. They just can’t prove it as easily.
Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. A person with poor cognitive ability, but great metacognitive ability might do poorly in school, but when faced with a challenge, they understand their abilities and take the best course of action. For example, when faced with a question, a person with strong metacognitive ability will deal with it like this. If he knows the answer, but can’t come up with it, he can always do a bit of research. If he knows for sure that he doesn’t know, then he can start educating himself. Because he’s aware of his ignorance, he doesn’t act with foolish confidence. These people might not seem intelligent at first glance, but because they know what they know, they make better decisions and learn the most important things.
However, people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognitive ability may be considered excellent at a young age for acing every test and getting great SAT scores. Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition they think they know everything but they really don’t. They are arrogant (overconfident), fail to learn from mistakes, and don’t understand the slight differences of personal relationships, showing disregard for persons with lower cognitive ability. They may make the worst decisions.
The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know .The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement. Don’t try to hide a lack of knowledge. For intelligent people this is the toughest lesson to learn.
小題1:People with great cognitive ability tend to ______________.       
A．do well in tests
B．be considered inferior
C．be more effective than others
D．do research when faced with a task
小題2:The underlined phrase “take the best course of action,” probably means______.
A．starting educating himself
B．taking action during the course
C．making the right decision
D．coming up with many ideas
小題3:People with poor metacognition may not succeed because they ________.
A．lack basic moral values
B．have improper self evaluation
C．fail to communicate with others
D．show little respect for others
小題4:The author probably supports the idea that ___________.
A．intelligence is measured by cognitive ability
B．cognition is the most important mental power
C．the toughest lesson is to distinguish the two types of cognition
D．the awareness of one’s ignorance contributes to one’s improvement

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：文章介紹兩種認(rèn)知，一種是可以讓人們考試好的認(rèn)知，一種是讓人們認(rèn)識(shí)到自己弱點(diǎn)的元認(rèn)知，作者認(rèn)為元認(rèn)知更加重要。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. 可知認(rèn)知能力強(qiáng)的人考試考得好，選A
小題2:句意理解題：從這段的最后一句話：they make better decisions and learn the most important things.可知元認(rèn)知能力強(qiáng)的人，意識(shí)到自己的弱點(diǎn)會(huì)做出正確的決定，選C
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第四段的句子：Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition they think they know everything but they really don’t.可知元認(rèn)知不好的人會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)自己沒有正確判斷而失敗，選B
小題4:推理題：從最后一段的句子：The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know .The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement.可知作者認(rèn)為意識(shí)到自己的無知會(huì)有助于提高，選D
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Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emission (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate (加速) the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Other libraries have tried similar programs: In 2002, the Santa Rosa Branch Library in Tucson, Arizona, launched a digital-only facility, and a bookless project was proposed last year in Newport Beach, California. Those digital-only projects folded—residents wanted their paperbacks—but Stanford University maintains a successful bookless engineering library with over 65,000 titles. Officials say digital libraries are a low-cost way to educate the masses and argue their rise is inevitable.
Still, some insist print isn’t doomed. A recent Wall Street Journal article notes that e-book purchases skew（傾斜）heavily toward the sort of  “l(fā)ight entertainment” novels you can pick up at the grocery store. A survey from the Pew Research Center shows that about 90 percent of digital readers still crack open physical books.( After all, there are only four Twilight books. How hard is it to drag those around?)
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A．you can always keep all of the books in your hands,
B．Biblio Tech will lend readers 10,000 books temporarily.
C．the books will not be stored in your device forever.
D．the bookless public library can be found in San Antonio now.
小題2:The following statements are true except that _____.
A．the Santa Rosa Branch Library lend out e-readers with 10,000 books.
B．the physical books are still popular despite those bookless projects.
C．Stanford University sets a successful example of bookless engineering.
D．some officials agree that digital libraries are educative and unavoidable.
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A．succeededB．openedC．a(chǎn)cceptedD．failed
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A．e-books are mainly sort of “l(fā)ight entertainment” novels.
B．most of the digital readers prefer books about physics.
C．a(chǎn) majority of e-reader users still choose to read paperbacks.
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