如圖3-2-16所示,在高出水平地面h=1.8 m的光滑平臺上放置一質(zhì)量M=2 kg、由兩種不同材料連接成一體的薄板A,其右段長度l1=0.2 m且表面光滑,左段表面粗糙.在A最右端放有可視為質(zhì)點的物塊B,其質(zhì)量m=1 kg,BA左段間動摩擦因數(shù)μ=0.4.開始時二者均靜止,現(xiàn)對A施加F=20 N水平向右的恒力,待B脫離A(A尚未露出平臺)后,將A取走.B離開平臺后的落地點與平臺右邊緣的水平距離x=1.2 m.(取g=10 m/s2)求:

圖3-2-16

(1)B離開平臺時的速度vB.

(2)B從開始運動到剛脫離A時,B運動的時間tB和位移xB.

(3)A左段的長度l2.

解析 (1)設(shè)物塊B平拋運動的時間為t,由運動學(xué)知識可得

hgt2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

xvBt                                                                                                                      

聯(lián)立①②式,代入數(shù)據(jù)得

vB=2 m/s                                                                                                                 ③

(2)設(shè)B的加速度為aB,由牛頓第二定律和運動學(xué)的知識得

μmgmaB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

vBaBtB                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

xBaBtB2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

聯(lián)立③④⑤⑥式,代入數(shù)據(jù)得

tB=0.5 s                                                                                                                   ⑦

xB=0.5 m                                                                                                                 ⑧

(3)設(shè)B剛開始運動時A的速度為v1,由動能定理得

Fl1Mv12                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

設(shè)B運動后A的加速度為aA,由牛頓第二定律和運動學(xué)的知識得

FμmgMaA                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

l2xBv1tBaAtB2                                                                                                                                                                                                            

聯(lián)立⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪式,代入數(shù)據(jù)得

l2=1.5 m                                                                                                                  ⑫

答案 (1)2 m/s (2)0.5 s 0.5 m (3)1.5 m

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