【題目】如圖所示為電動機提升重物的裝置,電動機線圈的電阻為r=1 Ω,電動機兩端電壓為5 V,電路中的電流為1 A,物體A重20 N。忽略一切摩擦,求:

1電動機線圈電阻消耗的熱功率為多少?

2電動機輸入功率和輸出功率各是多少?

310 s內(nèi)電動機可以把重物勻速提升多高?

4這臺電動機的機械效率是多少?

【答案】11 W 25 W;4 W 32 m 480%

【解析】電動機工作時,其電路為非純電阻電路,它從電源獲取的功率一部分轉(zhuǎn)化為線圈的熱功率,另一部分轉(zhuǎn)化為電動機的機械功率。

1電動機線圈上消耗的熱功率為

P=I2r=1 W

2電動機的輸入功率就是電流通過電動機做功的功率,即

P=UI=5×1 W=5 W

電動機的輸出功率就是電動機對外做機械功的功率,根據(jù)P=P+P

得P=P-P=5 W-1 W=4 W

3設(shè)物體A的重力為G,t=10s內(nèi)物體上升的高度為h,根據(jù)能量守恒定律得Pt=Gh

h=m=2 m

4這臺電動機的機械效率為

η=×100%=×100%=80%

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