【題目】閱讀下面的文言文，完成下列各題。

張衡字平子，南陽(yáng)西鄂人也。衡少善屬文，游于三輔，因入京師，觀太學(xué)，遂通五經(jīng)，貫六藝。雖才高于世，而無(wú)驕尚之情。常從容淡靜，不好交接俗人。永元中，舉孝廉不行，連辟公府不就。時(shí)天下承平日久，自王侯以下莫不逾侈。衡乃擬班固《兩都》作《二京賦》，因以諷諫。精思傅會(huì)，十年乃成。大將軍鄧騭奇其才，累召不應(yīng)。

衡善機(jī)巧，尤致思于天文陰陽(yáng)歷算。安帝雅聞衡善術(shù)學(xué)，公車特征拜郎中，再遷為太史令。遂乃研核陰陽(yáng)，妙盡璇機(jī)之正，作渾天儀，著《靈憲》《算罔論》，言甚詳明。

順帝初，再轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)為太史令。衡不慕當(dāng)世，所居之官輒積年不徙。自去史職，五載復(fù)還。

陽(yáng)嘉元年，復(fù)造候風(fēng)地動(dòng)儀。以精銅鑄成，員徑八尺，合蓋隆起，形似酒尊，飾以篆文山龜鳥獸之形。中有都柱，傍行八道，施關(guān)發(fā)機(jī)。外有八龍，首銜銅丸，下有蟾蜍，張口承之。其牙機(jī)巧制，皆隱在尊中，覆蓋周密無(wú)際。如有地動(dòng)，尊則振龍，機(jī)發(fā)吐丸，而蟾蜍銜之。振聲激揚(yáng)，伺者因此覺(jué)知。雖一龍發(fā)機(jī)，而七首不動(dòng)，尋其方面，乃知震之所在。驗(yàn)之以事，合契若神。自書典所記，未之有也。嘗一龍機(jī)發(fā)而地不覺(jué)動(dòng)，京師學(xué)者咸怪其無(wú)征。后數(shù)日驛至，果地震隴西，于是皆服其妙。自此以后，乃令史官記地動(dòng)所從方起。

……

永和初，出為河間相。時(shí)國(guó)王驕奢，不遵典憲；又多豪右，共為不軌。衡下車，治威嚴(yán)，整法度，陰知奸黨名姓，一時(shí)收禽，上下肅然，稱為政理。視事三年，上書乞骸骨，征拜尚書。年六十二，永和四年卒。

【1】下列語(yǔ)句中加點(diǎn)字的解釋不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )

A．時(shí)天下承平日久 承：連續(xù)

B．所居之官輒積年不徙 輒：總是

C．傍行八道，施關(guān)發(fā)機(jī) 發(fā)：打開

D．陰知奸黨名姓，一時(shí)收禽 陰：暗地里

【2】下列各組句子中，加點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)的意義和用法相同的一組是( )

A．

B．

C．

D．

【3】下列對(duì)文意的理解， 不正確的一項(xiàng)是( )

A．傳記先敘其才，“少善屬文”說(shuō)明他具有先天的稟賦，而“游于三輔，因入京師，觀太學(xué)”說(shuō)明他注重社會(huì)實(shí)踐。“通五經(jīng)，貫六藝”是其才能的集中體現(xiàn)。

B．在敘其才后緊接著敘其德�！皬娜莸o，不好交接俗人”，具有謙虛穩(wěn)重、超塵脫俗的品格，“不行”“不就”“不應(yīng)”表現(xiàn)他不慕榮利的德行。

C．介紹地動(dòng)儀雖不足二百字，但詳盡記述制造時(shí)間、質(zhì)地、大小、形狀、內(nèi)外結(jié)構(gòu)、裝飾、功用等，這段文字生動(dòng)形象，文采斐然。

D．“陰知奸黨名姓”表現(xiàn)其政治智慧，“上下肅然，稱為政理”表現(xiàn)其卓然的政績(jī)，寥寥幾筆卻寫出了一位真實(shí)可感的廉吏形象。

【4】把文中畫橫線的語(yǔ)句翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。

(1)永元中，舉孝廉不行，連辟公府不就。

(2)驗(yàn)之以事，合契若神。自書典所記，未之有也。

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】C

【4】(1)永元年間，被推薦為孝廉，沒(méi)有去應(yīng)薦；三公官署屢次召請(qǐng)他去任職，他也不去應(yīng)召。

(2)用實(shí)際發(fā)生的地震來(lái)檢驗(yàn)儀器，彼此完全相符，真是靈驗(yàn)如神。從古籍的記載中，還看不到這樣的儀器。

【解析】

【1】C項(xiàng)，“發(fā)”應(yīng)為“撥動(dòng)”。

【2】結(jié)構(gòu)助詞，的。A項(xiàng)，連詞，表轉(zhuǎn)折，卻/連詞，表承接。B項(xiàng)，副詞，才/副詞，就。D項(xiàng)，動(dòng)詞，擔(dān)任/動(dòng)詞，做。

【3】C項(xiàng)，“文字生動(dòng)形象，文采斐然”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)為“精簡(jiǎn)平實(shí)”。

【4】這兩個(gè)語(yǔ)句各有特點(diǎn)。第(1)句是無(wú)標(biāo)志被動(dòng)句，第(2)句前句是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)后置句，后句是賓語(yǔ)前置句。翻譯時(shí)要注意按照現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)的規(guī)范調(diào)整。

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