3. The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small. (2002上海春)
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
2. Mr. Brown bought _____ new telephone yesterday so he told me the new by _____ telephone.
A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /
1. I don’t like talking on _____ telephone; I prefer writing _____ letters. (2002北京)
A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /
365. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale.
A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared
第三章 語 法
高考英語單項(xiàng)填空設(shè)題的方法與角度的依據(jù)是“三維模式”,即從結(jié)構(gòu)、語義和語用三個方面來出題,切入的角度有7個,即:交際、情態(tài)、反述、省略與替代、特定句式、概念外延和思維定式。
1) 結(jié)構(gòu)方面
NMET單項(xiàng)填空題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一般是完整的,即有主語和謂語。主語相當(dāng)于句子的主題,指明句子講的是什么,一般是對方已知的信息;謂語是對有關(guān)問題加以說明的部份,一般是向?qū)Ψ教峁┬碌男畔ⅰ?疾榈闹攸c(diǎn),也是在謂語部分。命題人有時故意將謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)加以改變,“神似貌非”,迷惑考生。根據(jù)思維定勢的負(fù)遷移作用,命題人往往設(shè)置干擾性很強(qiáng)的干擾項(xiàng)。這就要求考生不僅具備牢固的基礎(chǔ)知識,更要具備靈活的臨場分析應(yīng)變能力。例如:
① -Do you know our town at all?
-No, this is the first time I _____ here.
A. was B. have been C. am D. m corning
分析:B最佳。該句運(yùn)用了這樣一個句型“It/This+is+the+序數(shù)詞+time+that……”。在這個句型中that從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。切入角度:結(jié)構(gòu)+交際+特定句式
② The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
分析:C最佳。本題題干長,信息量大,句子成分多,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,選項(xiàng)之間相互干擾強(qiáng),難度大。在空白處前,既有時間名詞the hours,又有人稱代詞me 或副詞詞組back to me。這很難一下子判斷出先行詞究竟是“the hours”還是“me”。上句可以寫成The film brought the hours(--I was taken good care of in that faraway village)back to me.根據(jù)先行詞為the hours, C項(xiàng)應(yīng)為最佳答案。設(shè)題角度:結(jié)構(gòu)+替代+特定句式
2) 語義方面
每個單項(xiàng)填空題的考查實(shí)際上都是對語義的考查。語境、結(jié)構(gòu)只是語言運(yùn)用的外在形式,都是為了恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)出一定的語義服務(wù)的。認(rèn)真地審題,準(zhǔn)確地把握語義,對于解答好單項(xiàng)填空題,提高解題能力,起著十分重要的作用。雖然近幾年來NMET試題的題干越來越長,結(jié)構(gòu)越來越復(fù)雜,暗示信息也難以把握,同學(xué)們解答起來有一定的難度,但是命題人所設(shè)置的題干均是表達(dá)規(guī)范得體,語義符合邏輯的語言載體。同學(xué)們解題時要認(rèn)真推敲,切勿“望文生義”。
例如:
①I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
分析:D最佳。題干已經(jīng)明確交待了“某一本書或另一本書”,只是還沒有確定究竟是哪一本而已。而且,“or”也給考生起了提示作用,表示選擇。故選擇D項(xiàng) , 設(shè)題角度:語義+替代 。
② - Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.
- Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
分析:D最佳。本題雖說是考查冠詞的用法,但也是語義+思維定式考查的具體體現(xiàn)。因?yàn)橥ǔN覀冊诠谠~教學(xué)中最初都說:泛指某人或某物時用不定冠詞;而表示特定的或上文已提到過的人或物用定冠詞。然而此處從題干暗示可以看出,問句與答語中的pen均非特指,故前后均用不定冠詞。語義+交際+思維定式
3) 語用方面
NMET單項(xiàng)選擇試題越來越重視語用能力的考查,即:語言實(shí)用能力。具體而言;基礎(chǔ)語法知識,詞匯、習(xí)語及交際用語等都以置一語境的形式來考查,使語言更具靈活、生動和得體。題干的條件信息愈隱蔽,各選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似而、且具有較強(qiáng)的干擾性,這樣更能體現(xiàn)試題能力立意的要求。例如:
① --- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
--- I ’m afraid _____ day is possible. (NMET 99)
A. either B. some C. neither D. any
分析:C為最佳。本題設(shè)置實(shí)際語境,問者期望Monday or Tuesday 選擇一天,而答者有afraid之義,不能如問者的期望。依據(jù)語言的得體性,答案只能選C。設(shè)題角度:語用+概念外延+交際。
② - I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
- Oh,did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
分析:A最佳。本題屬于情態(tài)動詞交際情景中的運(yùn)用。題干涉過去(在紐約)所發(fā)生的事;同時從“did you ”語氣可以看出“你本來是能夠(could have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起的,而不是“你一定(must have stayed)和芭芭拉住在一起”,故選A,語用+情態(tài)+反述。
第一節(jié). 高考語法一題多變訓(xùn)練題(選擇最佳答案)
364. They’ve _____ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?
A. provided B. supplied C. shown D. offered
363. He accidently _____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out
362. --- _____ for the glass!
--- It’s OK. I’m wearing shoes.
A. Look out B. Walk out C. Go out D. Set out
361. A man is being questioned in relation to the _____ murder last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
360. It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discoverig the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
359. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would _____.
A. act B. help C. serve D. last
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