(二)被動語態(tài)的用法
(1)動作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態(tài)。例如:
Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.
The new test book will be used next term.
(2)當(dāng)動作的承受者比起動作的執(zhí)行者來說更能引起人們的關(guān)心而需要加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時,要用被動語態(tài)。例如:
This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.
The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.
(3)含有雙賓語的句子,主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)中的主語,另一個保留不變。變?yōu)橹髡Z的若是主動句中的直接賓語,間接賓語前則需加介詞to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils some advice.
間接賓語 直接賓語
→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.
→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.
(4)在主動語態(tài)句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態(tài)時后面的不定式都須加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day.
→They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
A boy saw him enter the house.
→He was seen to enter the house.
(一)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
英語動詞的被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,并有時態(tài)的變化。例如:
The man was fooled by the two boys.
The book has been translated into several languages.
(八)過去將來時
過去將來時表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)來預(yù)計(jì)以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),這種時態(tài)常用于賓語從句當(dāng)中,主句中的謂語動詞一般是過去時。
例如:
1) He said that he would study harder than before.
2) He didn’t tell me when he would go.
(七)過去完成時
表示在過去某個時刻前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),或者從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)。
例如:
1) By the end of last year, we had learned more than 2,000 English words.
2) My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.
(六)過去進(jìn)行時
過去進(jìn)行時表示在過去某個時候正在進(jìn)行的動作或過去某個階段正在做的事情。
例如:
1) He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
2) When I came in, they were having supper.
(五)現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),或還要延續(xù)下去,句中常用since, for, yet, already等表示一段時間的狀語。
例如:
1) Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.
2) He has been in this factory for five years.
(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或表示現(xiàn)階段正在做的事情,句中常與now, at this moment等時間狀語連用。
例如:
1) The boy is playing video games.
2) His father is writing a novel these days.
(三)一般將來時
英語動詞表示將來時間有多種形式,其共同特點(diǎn)是句中常有表示將來時間的狀語,如:tomorrow, next week, in a week等
例如:
1) We will visit the science museum next week.
2) We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.
(二) 一般過去時
一般過去時主要用于表示過去的動作、行為或狀態(tài),句中常有yesterday, ago, in 1989, once, last week (month, year), at that time, just now 等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He was born in 1989.
2) I used to play football when I was young.
英語的動詞在表示不同時間里發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)時,要用不同的形式來表示。英語的時態(tài)從時間上來看,可分為“現(xiàn)在”,“過去”,“將來“和”過去將來“四大類。動詞共有十六種不同時態(tài),但常用的時態(tài)有八種。
(一) 一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作(習(xí)慣性的動作)或存在的狀態(tài),句中常用always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day等時間狀語。
例如:
1) He goes to school at seven o’clock every day.
2) The sun rises in the east.
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