6. keep out (of) 擋住，不讓進(jìn)

　 He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the

　 house).

　 他關(guān)上窗戶不讓風(fēng)進(jìn)來(進(jìn)房子)。

　 The sign says "Keep out!"

　 牌子上寫著：“請(qǐng)勿入內(nèi)!”

　 類似用法：keep off 別碰，避開

　 You'd better keep off the sweet food.

　 你最好少吃甜食。

　 Keep offthe grass!

　 請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地!

[考點(diǎn) 1]含look的短語(yǔ)

① look at 看待；考慮；檢查

② look around / about 環(huán)顧

③ look up 查閱；仰視

④ look into 調(diào)查

⑤ look on 旁觀

⑥ look back on 回顧，回想

⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙視

⑧ look over 翻閱；復(fù)習(xí)；檢查

⑨ look to 照顧；注意

⑩ look up to 尊敬

⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有

⑥ look out for 提防；當(dāng)心

⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……

⑩ look like 看上去像

⑥ look for 尋找

⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人

⑥ look after 照看；照料

⑩ look ahead 向前看

⑩ look out 小心：看外面

④ look through 瀏覽；檢查

[例句] That's the way I look at it．那就是我看待這事的

方式。

When all the facts have been looked up, pass them on

to me. 所有事實(shí)查出后，轉(zhuǎn)交給我。

The police are looking into the records of all those in-

volved in the crime. 警方正在調(diào)查所有涉嫌這起犯罪的

記錄。

Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from be-

ing a satisfactory conference. 回顧過去，人們會(huì)意識(shí)到

那不是一次成功的會(huì)議。

[考例1]In order to get a better solution. I think we'd

better ____ the question from all sides.

　　 A. look out　　 B. look up

　　 C. look for　　 D. look at

[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配問題。

[答案與解析]D不同的介詞或副詞搭配，有不同的意

義。look out 查處，找出；當(dāng)心，注意。look for 尋找。

4. go against 違反，違背(意愿、原則等)；對(duì)……不利

　 (無被動(dòng)形式)

　 I'm not to go against my own family.

　 我不會(huì)背離我自己的家人的。

　 He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.

　 他害怕那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗會(huì)對(duì)他們不利。

2. call up 打電話，喚醒，使人想起

　 The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of

　 his childhood.

　 海鷗的叫聲喚起他對(duì)童年的幸福的記憶。

　 Please call me up at five.

　 請(qǐng)五點(diǎn)叫醒我 (或：五點(diǎn)打電話給我)

　 已學(xué)與 call 常見的搭配還有：

　 call off (取消，掛斷電話)

　 call at / on (拜訪某地／某人)

　 call for (要求，來找某人)

　 call in (召集，召來)

[考點(diǎn)4]含 come into 的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

① come into being 形成；產(chǎn)生

② come into effect / force 開始實(shí)施；生效

③ come into use / service 開始使用

④ come into power 開始執(zhí)政；上臺(tái)

⑤ come into view / sight 進(jìn)入視線

⑥ come into fashion 開始流行

[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in the

late 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)直到18世紀(jì)未

期才產(chǎn)生于歐洲。

The new seat-beh regulations came into effect last

week. 使用安全帶的新規(guī)定于上周生效。

[考例4] The church gate came into ____ as we

rounded the next corner.

　　 A. being　　 B. service

　　 C. effect　　 D. view

[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查動(dòng)詞搭配問題。

[答案與解析]D　 題意：我們又拐了一個(gè)彎時(shí)，教堂的

大門映入了我們的眼簾。

4. -- Do you like the material?

　 -- Yes, it ____ very soft.

　　 [短語(yǔ)歸類]

[考點(diǎn)3]含 as 的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as

　 = treat...as 把……認(rèn)為是

② act as 擔(dān)任；起……的作用

③ serve as 當(dāng)，充當(dāng)

④ work as 當(dāng)，充當(dāng)

⑤ use...as把……用作……

[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 這

個(gè)理論被認(rèn)為是非常高深的．

He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在時(shí)他擔(dān)任

主席。

He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐館里

當(dāng)服務(wù)員。

[考例 3]Classroom testing, if well down, most certain-

ly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and real

learning.

　　 A. uses　　 B. looks

　　 C. acts　　 D. does

[考查目標(biāo)] 此題主要考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨義問題。

[答案與解析]C　 弄清題意。準(zhǔn)確地判斷空白處的意

義。題意是：課堂測(cè)試，如果做得好的話，一定會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)

習(xí)和真正的學(xué)習(xí)有刺激作用。也就是說，課堂測(cè)試可

以充當(dāng)刺激。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)態(tài)，B、D兩項(xiàng)則不能

和 as 構(gòu)成搭配。

3. The theory which he ____ to proved to be cor-

　 rect.

2. The course is ____ to improve the students'

　 writing abilities in a short time.

1. What ____ me most was the high speed of indus-

　 trial development in Shanghai.

3. stand vi. 豎立，位于 vt. 使站立，忍受

　 (1) 不及物用法

　 There stands an ancient in front of my house.

　 我的房子前面立著一棵古樹。

　 The room has stood empty for months.

　 這間房間空了好幾個(gè)月了。

　 注：stand后接形容詞相當(dāng)于stay / remain + adj. 用

　 法，表示主語(yǔ)處于一種狀態(tài)。

　 (2) 及物用法

　 I can't stand being laughed at in public.

　 我不能忍受在公共場(chǎng)合被人譏笑。

　 He couldn't stand that old woman living next door; she

　 talked too much.

　 他不能忍受隔壁的老太太，她太嘮叨了。

　 注：stand不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；與can / could

　 連用，后面常接名詞、動(dòng)名詞。

[考點(diǎn)6]stick 的用法

▲ 搭配：

① stick to 堅(jiān)持；粘�。还淌�

② be / get stuck 卡��；陷在中間；處于困境

[考例6](2004湖北) Once a decision has been made,

all of us should ____ it.

　　 A. direct to　　 B. stick to

　　 C. lead to　　 D. refer to

[考查目標(biāo)]考查短語(yǔ)在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。

[答案與解析]B　 direct to表示“對(duì)準(zhǔn)”；stick to 表示

“堅(jiān)持”；lead to 表示“通向”；refer to 表示“參考”。結(jié)

合上下文應(yīng)該表示堅(jiān)持。

[考點(diǎn)7]disturb的用法

▲ 構(gòu)詞：distur bing adj. 煩擾的

▲ 辨析：disturb; interrupt

兩詞都是動(dòng)詞，含有“打擾”的意思，但disturb強(qiáng)調(diào)擾

亂、妨礙安靜、平靜或正常的秩序。而interrupt則強(qiáng)調(diào)

使工作、談話等中斷。例如：

The noise disturbs us day and night. 噪音日夜擾亂著我

們。

I'm sorry to interrupt but there is a phone call for you.

真對(duì)不起打擾你．有電話找你。

[牛刀小試1]

用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：

(design, stick, feel, impress)

9. Man-made 人造的

　 由“名詞 + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，表示被

　 動(dòng)，如：a snow-covered mountain (大雪覆蓋的山)。

　 表示被動(dòng)做定語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞還有“副詞 + 過去分詞”，如：

　 a newly-built house (一座新建的房子)。

　 另外，“名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”做定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)意義。如a

　 peace-loving people (一個(gè)愛好和平的民族)；

　 表示主動(dòng)意義的還有“形容詞 + 過去分詞”，如：a

　 warm-hearted lady (一個(gè)熱心的女士)

　 “形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”如：a easy-going girl (一個(gè)隨和

　 的女孩)。

[考點(diǎn)2]sale 的用法

▲構(gòu)詞：

① salesgirl 女銷售員

② salesboy 男銷售員

③ salesman / saleswoman 售貨員；推銷員

▲ 搭配：

① on sale 在(削價(jià))銷售，(有貨)售賣；上市

② for sale 待售，出售的

③ a sales manager / director 銷售部經(jīng)理／主任

④ sales tax 銷售稅

⑤ sales department 銷售部；門市部

▲ 句型：sth enjoy / have a large / good sale = sth sell

well某物銷路好；某物銷量大；暢銷

▲ 友情提示：sale作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需用復(fù)數(shù)形式sales。

[考例2]The old man has a three-bedroom and one-

diningroom house ____.

　　 A. for sale　　　　　 B. for sales

　　 C. on sales　　　　　 D. for sell

[考查目標(biāo)] 考查短語(yǔ)的固定搭配。

[答案與解析] A　 “待售，出售的”的固定短語(yǔ)為 for

sale。

[考點(diǎn)3]stand的用法

▲ 搭配：

① stand for 代表；意味著，是……縮寫；代替；象征；支

　 持

② stand out 顯眼；醒目；突出；杰出，出色

③ stand by 袖手旁觀；忠于堅(jiān)守

④ stand up 起立，站起

⑤ stand up for 為某人／某事說話、工作等；支持某人／某

　 事

[考例3]Richard became quite angry by the time Hilda

turned up. He ____ in the rain for half an hour

　waiting for her.

　　 A. stopped　　 B. has expected

　　 C. has been sitting D. had stood

[考查目標(biāo)] 考查動(dòng)詞在實(shí)際語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。

[答案與解析]D for 短語(yǔ)經(jīng)常使用完成時(shí)態(tài)，先排除

A項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句子上下文中的意思“他一直站在雨中等她

使得他生氣”。

10. invited“被吸引的，被引誘的”，是invite的過去分詞。

　 invite v. 邀請(qǐng)；征求(意見等)；吸引；引起，招致(壞的

　 事物)

　 I invited all my relatives to my birthday party.

　 我邀請(qǐng)了所有的親戚參加我的生日晚會(huì)。

　 Mter the speech, he invited questions and suggestions

　 from us.

　 講完話之后，他征詢我們的問題和意見。

　 The dishes look inviting.

　 這些菜看起來很誘人。

　 Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble!

　 汽車不上鎖純粹是自找麻煩!