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i河南省開(kāi)封市尉氏博文學(xué)校

八年級(jí)第一次月考試題

物   理

1.男同學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)聲音“低沉”,是指男同學(xué)聲音的________ 低,這是因?yàn)槟型瑢W(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),聲帶振動(dòng)較________的緣故。

2.音樂(lè)會(huì)上人們聽(tīng)到優(yōu)美的小提琴聲是由琴弦的________產(chǎn)生的,并通過(guò)________這種介質(zhì)傳到人耳的。

3.在音樂(lè)大廳里,樂(lè)團(tuán)正演奏著雄壯的交響樂(lè),各種樂(lè)器的形狀雖然不同,但它們發(fā)聲都是由于________產(chǎn)生的;各種不同樂(lè)器發(fā)出聲音的________、________不同,但它們演奏樂(lè)曲的音調(diào)相同。

4.夏秋時(shí)節(jié)來(lái)到太陽(yáng)島上,耳邊會(huì)傳來(lái)悅耳的鳥(niǎo)叫和蛙鳴,青蛙“呱呱”的叫聲是由于它的鳴囊在________,我們根據(jù)________能分辨出鳥(niǎo)叫和蛙鳴。

5.在狹窄的空間燃放鞭炮比在野外燃放鞭炮時(shí)的響度明顯大,這是因?yàn)樵讵M小空間聲波經(jīng)過(guò)多次________造成的。

6.噪聲是當(dāng)代社會(huì)的四大公害之一,它是由發(fā)聲體的________產(chǎn)生的。有資料顯示,噪聲每經(jīng)過(guò)一條100m寬的林帶可降低20dB~25dB,從減弱噪聲的途徑看,這是在________中降低噪聲的。

7.如下圖所示,是聲音輸入到示波器上時(shí)顯示振幅與時(shí)間關(guān)系的波形。其中,聲音音調(diào)相同的是________圖和________圖,響度相同的是________圖和________圖。

                 A                         B                               C                                 D

8.小明同學(xué)自己制作了一個(gè)哨子,在筷子上纏一些棉花,制成一個(gè)活塞,用水蘸濕棉花后插入兩端開(kāi)口的塑料管,吹管的上端,可以發(fā)出悅耳的哨音,此哨間是由于管內(nèi)空氣柱________產(chǎn)生的。上下拉動(dòng)活塞,可以改變聲音的。(選填“單調(diào)”、“響度”或“音色”)

9.釣魚(yú)時(shí)不能大聲喧嘩,因?yàn)轸~(yú)聽(tīng)到人聲就會(huì)嚇走,這說(shuō)明(      )

A.只有空氣能傳播聲音

B.空氣和水都能傳播聲音

C.聲音在水中的速度比在空氣中的速度小

D.聲音從空氣傳入水中,音調(diào)發(fā)生了變化

10.聲音從水中傳入空氣中,它的速度將(      )

A.變大   B. 變小   C. 不變  D. 不能確定

11.控制噪聲是城市環(huán)保工作主要的項(xiàng)目之一,下列措施不能減弱噪聲的是(      )

A.市區(qū)內(nèi)禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)?guó)Q笛          B.減少二氧化碳?xì)怏w的排放

C.在汽車(chē)的排氣管上裝消聲器         D.在城市街道兩旁和空地多種草,多植樹(shù)

12.下列說(shuō)法正確的是(      )

A.聲音是由振動(dòng)而發(fā)生,發(fā)聲的物體不一定振動(dòng)

B.聲音在空氣中的傳播速度小于在鐵軌中的傳播速度

C.聲音在真空中也能傳播     D.聲音在液體中不能傳播

13.幾名同學(xué)在室外聊天,室內(nèi)同學(xué)聽(tīng)聲音可以分辨出每句話(huà)是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的,這主要是因?yàn)楦魅税l(fā)聲的(      )

A.音調(diào)不同   B.音色不同    C.頻率不同    D.響度不同

14.一場(chǎng)大雪過(guò)后,人們會(huì)感到外萬(wàn)籟俱靜,究其原因,你認(rèn)為正確的是(      )

A.可能是大雪后,行駛的車(chē)輛較少,噪聲減小

B.可能是大雪后,大地銀裝素裹,噪聲被反射

C.可能是大雪蓬松且多孔,對(duì)噪聲有吸收作用

D.可能是大雪后氣溫較低,噪聲傳播速度較慢

物質(zhì)        

空氣

       氧氣        

鋁        

鐵        

物質(zhì)的密度

kg/m3

1.29

1.43

2700

7900

11300

聲音傳播的

速度m/s

330

316

5100

5000

300

15.下表列出了相同條件下不同物質(zhì)的密度及聲音在其中傳播的速度。

根據(jù)上表提供的信息,可以得出的結(jié)論是(      )

A.聲音傳播的速度隨著物質(zhì)密度的增大而增大

B.聲音傳播的速度隨著物質(zhì)密度的增大而減小

C.聲音在金屬中傳播的速度大于它在氣體中傳播的速度

D.聲音在金屬中傳播的速度隨著金屬密度的增大而增大

16.說(shuō)女同學(xué)比男同學(xué)的聲音尖,這是指                    (       )

A.響度     B.音調(diào)    C. 音色     D.音準(zhǔn)

17.憑你的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),說(shuō)出下列環(huán)境中噪聲最大的是(       )

A.圖書(shū)閱覽室    B.自由市場(chǎng)     

C.“英模報(bào)告”會(huì)場(chǎng)   D.校園的林陰路上

18.下列建筑不屬于聲音的利用的是                          (       )

A.北京天壇的回音壁                B.錄音棚墻壁做成凸凹不平關(guān)        

C.北京天壇的三音石                   D.北京天壇的圜丘

19.科學(xué)家在對(duì)蝙蝠的研究中,曾經(jīng)用黑布將蝙蝠的雙眼蒙上,發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠也可以很正常地飛行,沒(méi)有受到一點(diǎn)影響,這是因?yàn)?      ( 。

A.蝙蝠在飛行時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出次聲波,根據(jù)回聲定位原理來(lái)飛行

B.蝙蝠的眼睛會(huì)發(fā)出超聲波,能穿透黑布,清楚地看到黑布外面的目標(biāo)

C.蝙蝠在飛行時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出超聲波,根據(jù)回聲定位原理來(lái)飛行

D.黑布太薄會(huì)透光,蝙蝠可以很清楚地看到黑布外面的目標(biāo)

20.一般來(lái)說(shuō),大禮堂的四周墻壁做成凸凹不平的形狀,這是為了(  )

A.減少聲音的反射     B.增強(qiáng)聲強(qiáng)的反射

C.增強(qiáng)聲音的響度     D.只是為了裝飾美觀

21.下列不屬于超聲波應(yīng)用的是                                                       ( 。

A.利用聲波清洗精密的機(jī)械

B.外科醫(yī)生利用聲波的振動(dòng)除去人體內(nèi)的結(jié)石

C.醫(yī)生給病人做“B超”檢查

D.醫(yī)生用“叩診”法給病人診病

22.吹笛子時(shí)笛子發(fā)聲主要是                                                            ( 。

A.笛子本身(竹管)振動(dòng)發(fā)聲

B.笛子(竹管)中的空所術(shù)振動(dòng)發(fā)聲

C.演員的嘴唇振動(dòng)發(fā)出的聲音

D.以上說(shuō)法都不正確

23.我們對(duì)遠(yuǎn)處的人大聲喊話(huà)時(shí),常用雙手在嘴邊圍成喇叭狀,這是為了( 。

A.增大喊話(huà)頻率     B.增加傳入對(duì)方耳朵的聲音響度

C.改變講話(huà)的音色   D.增大講話(huà)人的肺活量

24.一列?吭谡九_(tái)的甲列車(chē)發(fā)出一聲長(zhǎng)鳴,另一列飛馳而過(guò)的乙列車(chē)也發(fā)出一聲長(zhǎng)鳴。站在鐵路旁邊的人聽(tīng)到的兩聲長(zhǎng)鳴,其音調(diào)相比( 。

A.甲列車(chē)的高   B.乙列車(chē)的高     C.相同    D.無(wú)法比較

25.下列關(guān)于聲源的說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是( 。

A.一切聲源都在振動(dòng)   B.聲源的振動(dòng)如果停止,它就停止了發(fā)聲   

C.不發(fā)生振動(dòng)的物體也可能發(fā)聲    D.不發(fā)生振動(dòng)的物體一定不是聲源

26.人們常用推理的方法研究問(wèn)題,如在“探究聲音的傳播”實(shí)驗(yàn)中,現(xiàn)有的抽氣設(shè)備總是很難將玻璃罩內(nèi)抽成真空狀態(tài),在這種情況下,你怎樣通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象推理得出“聲音不能在真空中傳播”這一結(jié)論?

7.圖1-4是探究聲現(xiàn)象時(shí)常用的裝置。

1.圖中所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明_______________。

2.乒乓球在實(shí)驗(yàn)中起什么作用?

3.加大力度敲音叉,根據(jù)發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象,你又得出什么結(jié)論?

28.小宇在閱讀《科海奇聞》一書(shū)時(shí),看到這樣一條奇聞:20世紀(jì)60年代初,美國(guó)空軍在俄克拉荷馬上空做音速飛行實(shí)驗(yàn),飛機(jī)每天在10000的高空飛行8次,半年以后,當(dāng)?shù)匾粋(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)飼養(yǎng)的10000只雞中,有6000只被飛機(jī)轟鳴聲殺死,幸存的4000只雞,有的羽毛全部掉光,有的干脆不下蛋了。

這則奇聞引起了小宇他們學(xué)習(xí)小組對(duì)噪聲探究的好奇心。于是,小組內(nèi)的各位同學(xué)又分頭查閱了許多資料,得到了如下的一些信息。

29請(qǐng)你根據(jù)小宇他們提供的信息資料,回答他們提出的問(wèn)題:

1.有些不法商販,為了銷(xiāo)售劣質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,就在店鋪內(nèi)通過(guò)高音喇叭播放音樂(lè),他們是想利用噪聲能夠損害__________,從而對(duì)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺(jué)這一危害,來(lái)使顧客上當(dāng)。

2.由上述信息資料,我們可以歸納出消音材料的兩個(gè)作用是:__________和__________。

3.小宇要將家中隔音墻的材料由棉布換成瓷瓦,曉麗認(rèn)為不妥。他們由此引出一個(gè)新的探究課題,請(qǐng)根據(jù)他倆提出的探究課題,寫(xiě)出簡(jiǎn)要的探究報(bào)告。

課題:棉布與瓷瓦哪種材料的隔音效果更好

實(shí)驗(yàn)器材和步驟:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________        

4.為了減小噪聲污染,我們?cè)谌粘I钪袘?yīng)該這樣做(請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出兩條):

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How to Be a Winner
  Sir Steven Redgrave
  Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
  “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career(職業(yè)生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
  Karen Pickering
  Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well—organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
  Kirsten Best
  Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool”
60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career.       B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease.   D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule.                B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements.                   D. Her sports career.
62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?
A. Ways that help one to focus.           B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one's attention away.  D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage.   B. Devotion.    C. Hard work    .D. Self-confidence.

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How to Be a Winner
  Sir Steven Redgrave
  Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals
  “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes(糖尿病). Believing my career(職業(yè)生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it the encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”
  Karen Pickering
  Swimming World Champion
“I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week. I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary. This is the key to success-you can’t follow a career in any field without being well—organized. List what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them.”
  Kirsten Best
  Poet & Writer
“When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate. When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological(心理的) tool”
60. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?
A. Difficulties influenced his career.       B. Specialists offered him medical advice.
C. Training helped him defeat his disease.   D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.
61. What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?
A. Her training schedule.                B. Her daily happenings.
C. Her achievements.                   D. Her sports career.
62.What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?
A. Ways that help one to focus.           B. Words that help one to feel less tense.
C. Activities that turn one's attention away.  D. Habits that make it hard for one to relax.
63. According to the passage ,what do the three people have in common?
A. Courage.   B. Devotion.    C. Hard work    .D. Self-confidence.

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如圖甲所示,A、B分別是標(biāo)有“6V  3.6W”字樣的燈泡L和定值電阻R的U-I圖象.則R的阻值為
10
10
Ω;若把它們接入電路,如圖乙所示,當(dāng)只閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S1時(shí),L正常發(fā)光,此時(shí)電流表的示數(shù)為
0.6
0.6
A;若再閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S3,電流表的示數(shù)為
1.2
1.2
A;若只閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S2,電路消耗的電功率為
2.4
2.4
W.

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如圖所示中,=60Ω,當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)S斷開(kāi)時(shí)電流表示數(shù)為I,當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)S閉合時(shí),電流表的示數(shù)為4I,則的大小是

[  ]

A.120Ω
B.60Ω
C.40Ω
D.20Ω

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