題目列表(包括答案和解析)
PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION(30 points)
Directions: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
Next time you find yourself drenched (濕透) in an unexpected heavy rain, look on the bright side – it will be a memorable experience. While wet weather may make us feel gloomy, it sharpens the memory and improves our recall. But those who feel in a good mood because it’s a sunny day are able to remember less well, according to memory tests carried by Australian researchers.
Professor Joe Forgas, who led the research, said: “It seems strange but a little bit of sadness is a good thing. People performed much better on our memory test when the weather was unpleasant and they wee in a slightly negative mood. On bright sunny days, when they were more likely to be happy, the flunked it.”
The tests were carried out on shoppers at a store in Sydney, where researchers randomly placed ten small objects on the check – out counter. On rainy days, sad music was played in the store. When it was bright and sunny, customers heard cheery music. This was done to further influence them towards negative or positive moods. After shopping, customers were asked how many of the objects they could remember. Their scores were three times higher when the weather was had and they were feeling angry, compared with those tested on sunny days. The results were published in Journal of Experimental Psychology. A report on the findings said: “They point to a growing body of evidence that the way people think, the quality of their judgments and the accuracy of their memory are all significantly influenced by positive and negative moods.”
Professor Forgas said, “We found that weather – inducted negative mood improved memory accuracy. Shoppers in a negative mood showed better memory and higher discrimination ability.”
A worse mood helped to focus people’s attention on their surroundings and led to a more thorough and careful thinking style, while happiness increased confidence and forgetfulness.
Being happy tends to promote a thinking style that is less focused on our surroundings. In a positive mood we are less likely to make more snap (匆忙的) judgments about people we meet. Mild negative mood, in turn, tends to increase attention to our surroundings and produce a more careful, thorough thinking style.
Accurately remembering everyday scenes is a difficult task, yet such memories can be on importance in everyday life. Surprisingly, the influence of mood states on the accuracy of real-life memories is still poorly understood.
56.What’s the major function of Paragraph 1?
A.To attract readers’ interest.
B.To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
C.To generalize the whole passage.
D.To describe a memorable experience.
57.The underlined word “flunked” in Paragraph2 may mean “ ”.
A.conducted B.failed C.passed D.understood
58.In the research, researchers play different music to .
A.make customers become sadder or happier
B.help customers choose what they want
C.promote customers to buy more goods
D.get customers to make a quick choice
59.According to Joe Forgas, on sunny days, people .
A.will make careful judgments on others
B.tend to pay more attention to their surroundings
C.will have more confidence
D.will have a better recall
60.What can we know from the research?
A.Forgetfulness is rather troublesome.
B.It’s important to feel in a good mood.
C.It’s memorable to experience a rainy day.
D.Gloomy days are good for memorizing things.
The rapid growth of cities worldwide over the next two decades will cause significant risks to people and the global environment, according to analysis.
Researches from Yale and Stanford predict that by 2030 urban areas will expand by 590,000 square miles—nearly the size of Mongolia—to meet the needs of 1.47 billion more people living in urban areas.
“It is likely that these cities are going to be developed in places that are the most biologically diverse,” said Karen Seto, a famous scientist at Yale University. “They are going to be growing and expanding into forests, biological hotspots, savannas(熱帶稀缺大草原), coastlines—sensitive and vulnerable places.”
Urban areas, they found, have been expanding more rapidly along coasts. “Of all the places for cities to grow, coasts are the most sensitive. People and buildings along the coast are at risk of flooding and other environmental disasters,” said Seto.
The study provides the first estimate of how fast urban areas globally are growing and how fast they may grow in the future. “We know a lot about global patterns of urban population growth, but we know significantly less about how urban areas are changing,” she said. “Changes in land cover associated with urbanization lead to many environmental changes, from habitats loss and agricultural land conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化) to changes in local and regional climate.”
The researchers examined studies that used satellite data to map urban growth and found that from 1970 to 2000 the world’s urban footprint had grown by at least 22,400 square miles—half the size of Ohio.
“This number is numerous, but, in actuality, urban land expansion has been far greater than what our analysis shows because we only looked at the published studies that used satellite data,” said Seto. “We found that 48 of the most populated urban areas have been studied using satellite data, with findings in journals. This means that we’re not tracking the physical expansion of more than half of the world’s largest cities.”
Half of urban land expansion in China is driven by a rising middle class, whereas the size of cities in India and Africa is driven primarily by population growth. “Rising incomes translate into rising demand for bigger homes and more land for urban development, which has a great effect on biodiversity conservations, loss of carbon sinks and energy use.”
【小題1】According to the passage, the most dangerous place for city expansion is the _____.
A.forest | B.desert | C.savannas | D.coastline |
A.diverse in plants | B.beautiful in scenery |
C.easily damaged | D.very productive |
A.urbanization is a good way to improve people’s standards of living |
B.cities develop very fast and more and more people come to live in cities |
C.more and more agricultural farmlands are used to make room for local animals |
D.in the past, researchers focused their attention on the expanding urban areas |
A.growing population | B.rising middle class |
C.unique living patterns | D.economic development |
The day was Thankful Thursday. It's a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. Thursday has become our day to go out and make a positive contribution. On this particular Thursday, we had no idea exactly what we were going to do. At noon, I drove to a McDonald’s with my daughters because they kept complaining that they hadn’t had enough to eat at breakfast. There we saw some homeless people in the street and we bought lunch for them.
We were about to complete when we found a small woman standing at the corner, asking for change. We handed her some food, and then started to head home. Suddenly from the mirror of the car, I saw the woman waving at us, so I had to turn around and stopped where the small woman stood. She walked to our car, and said, "Thank you, lady! No one has ever done anything like this for me before." I replied, "Well, I'm glad that we were the first." Feeling uneasy, and wanting to move the conversation along, I asked, "So, when do you think you'll eat your lunch?"
She just looked at me with her huge, tired brown eyes and said, "Oh honey, I'm not going to eat this lunch." I was confused, but before I could say anything, she continued. "You see, I have a little girl of my own at home and she just loves McDonald's, but I can never buy it for her because I just don't have the money. But you know what…tonight she is going to have McDonald's!"
I don't know if the kids noticed the tears in my eyes. So many times I had questioned whether our Acts of Kindness were too small to have effect on those poor people. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa's words: "We cannot do great things — only small things with great love."
【小題1】
According to this passage, the small woman was ______.
A.too happy to stand at the corner |
B.too eager to ask for more food |
C.too poor to buy McDonald’s |
D.too busy to care for her daughter |
A.The author finally realized what she did was of use to the poor. |
B.The author would stop doing her acts of kindness to the poor. |
C.The author’s daughters found their mother cried at the end of the day. |
D.The author’s daughters would make friends with the woman’s daughter. |
A.No Pains No Gains |
B.No Pleasure Without Pain |
C.No Small Act of Kindness |
D.No Sweet Without Sweat |
While success is surely sweeter than failure, it seems failure is a far better teacher, and organizations that fail spectacularly often flourish more in the long run, according to a new study by Vinit Desai, assistant professor of management at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. Researchers have found that people missing their goals perform much better in the long run. That is because they gain more knowledge from their failures than their successes and the lessons are more likely to stay longer in their minds.
“We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,” said professor Desai, who led the study. “But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.”
Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the 2002 Atlantis flight, a piece of insulation (絕緣體) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven–person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters.
The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure.
“Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,” he said. “The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”
Prof Desai doesn’t recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures.
【小題1】Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?
A.Because it worked perfectly. |
B.Because the right booster was still OK. |
C.Because nothing serious happened then. |
D.Because fewer people died in the flight. |
A.their planes couldn’t fly high in the sky |
B.they gained much from experience in failure |
C.their planes were often checked by the experts |
D.they were unpopular among passengers |
A.show failure is a better teacher than success |
B.explain why Challenger failed |
C.introduce something about Prof Desai |
D.tell managers how to achieve success |
A.Giving definitions. | B.Making comparisons. |
C.Analyzing causes. | D.Providing different examples. |
完形填空(共20小題,每小題1分,滿分20分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后所給的四個選項A、B、C、D中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
I went to Beijing this National holiday, and it was an interesting experience of my life.
My friends told us the taking the “hard 31 ” to Beijing would be really terrible. So we didn’t know what to 32 . But we were pleasantly surprised when we finally boarded the 33 , which was relatively modern and 34 . During the 14-hour ride we ate peanuts and talked. It was not 35 at all.
It was morning when we arrived. We stepped out of the railway station, having sat in hard seats and not getting much 36 . However, we had energy. First we tried to get return tickets to Shanghai, but the ticket seller 37 us that tickets would not be on 38 for another two days. We were a little worried about getting 39 , but we made up our minds to 40 for the hotel to put our bags down. After 41 our way past the “gypsy” taxi drivers that tried to 42 us 100 yuan for the ride, we found a taxi and it 43 cost us 30 yuan to get 44 we had planned to go. When we reached the hotel, there was a 45 for airplane and train tickets. Somehow the man behind the counter could get tickets that day, which we 46 . The most important lesson about China I ever 47 is to get someone to do your work for you, and it seems to work out much 48 . We were not able to get tickets, but the travel agents could.
While in Beijing we saw a lot of places of 49 , most of which were very 50 . It was fun to be with thousands of people in one place. There aren’t any words to describe it.
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