題目列表(包括答案和解析)
閱讀下面的文言文,完成下列各題。
孫權(quán),字仲謀。兄策既定諸郡,時權(quán)年十五,以為陽羨長?げ煨⒘,州舉茂才。(建安)五年,策薨,以事授權(quán),權(quán)哭未及息,策長史張昭謂權(quán)曰:“孝廉,此寧哭時邪? 且周公立法而伯禽不師①,非欲違父,時不得行也。況今奸宄(奸臣)競逐,豺狼滿道。乃欲哀親戚,顧禮制,是猶開門而揖盜,未可以為仁也!蹦烁囊讬(quán)服,扶令上馬,使出巡軍。是時,惟有會稽、吳郡、丹楊、豫章、廬陵,然深險之地猶未盡從,而天下英豪布在州郡,賓旅寄寓之士以安危去就為意,未有君臣之固。張昭、周瑜等謂權(quán)可與共成大業(yè),故委心而服事焉。曹公表權(quán)為討虜將軍,領(lǐng)會稽太守,屯吳,使丞之郡行文書事。待張昭以師傅之禮,而周瑜、程普、呂范等為將率。招延俊秀,聘求名士,魯肅、諸葛瑾等始為賓客。分部諸將,鎮(zhèn)撫山越,討不從命。
(建安十三年)荊州牧劉表死,魯肅乞奉命吊表二子,且以觀變。肅未到,而曹公已臨其境,表子琮舉眾以降。劉備欲南濟江,肅與相見,因傳權(quán)旨,為陳成敗。備進住夏口,使諸葛亮詣權(quán),權(quán)遣周瑜、程普等行。是時曹公新得表眾,形勢甚盛。諸議者皆望風(fēng)畏懼,多勸權(quán)迎之。惟瑜、肅執(zhí)拒之議,意與權(quán)同。瑜、普為左右督,各領(lǐng)萬人,與備俱進,遇于赤壁,大破曹公軍。公燒其余船引退,士卒饑疫,死者大半。備、瑜等復(fù)追至南郡。
十六年,權(quán)徙治秣陵。明年,城石頭,改秣陵為建業(yè)。聞曹公將來侵,作濡須塢②。十八年正月,曹公攻濡須,權(quán)與相拒月余。曹公望權(quán)軍,嘆其齊肅,乃退。(《三國志??吳主傳》)
注:①周公立法而伯禽不師:周公制定的禮法制度,他的兒子、受封于魯國的伯禽卻沒有遵守。按照古人的解釋,伯禽在服喪期間,徐戎(周代居住在今徐州一代的少數(shù)民族)作亂,伯禽就停止服喪而率兵討伐,平定了徐戎。 ②濡須塢:修建在濡須口的堡塢,夾濡須水而筑。
對下列句子中加點的詞語的解釋,不正確的一項是 ( )
A.權(quán)哭未及息 息:停止
B.領(lǐng)會稽太守 領(lǐng):兼任
C.公燒其余船引退 引:拉
D.此寧哭時邪 寧:難道
下列各組句子中,全都直接表現(xiàn)孫權(quán)勵精圖治的一組是( )
①策薨,以事授權(quán) ②招延俊秀,聘求名士 ③乃改易權(quán)服,扶令上馬
④公燒其余船引退 ⑤聞曹公將來侵,作濡須塢 ⑥權(quán)與相拒月余
A.①②④ B.①③⑥ C.③④⑤ D.②⑤⑥
下列對原文的敘述與分析不正確的一項是( )
A.孫權(quán)繼位之后,任用賢才,優(yōu)禮士人,用對待師傅之禮事奉張昭、周瑜、魯肅、諸葛瑾等人,一時間,孫權(quán)手下人才濟濟。
B.荊州牧劉表死后,其子劉琮投降曹操。此時的東吳內(nèi)部分為主戰(zhàn)、主和兩派,孫權(quán)不顧主降派張昭等反對,聯(lián)合劉備與曹操決戰(zhàn),取得赤壁之戰(zhàn)的勝利。
C.孫權(quán)到秣陵(建業(yè))后,曹操來犯,孫權(quán)與曹操大戰(zhàn)于濡須塢,雙方均不能獲勝。看到孫權(quán)陣容齊整,曹操只好撤兵。
D.孫權(quán)作為一代英主,面對曹操的入侵,敢于抗擊;經(jīng)過赤壁之戰(zhàn),大敗曹操,后又在濡須之戰(zhàn)中取得勝利。
把文中畫橫線的句子翻譯成現(xiàn)代漢語。
①郡察孝廉,州舉茂才。
②乃欲哀親戚,顧禮制,是猶開門而揖盜,未可以為仁也。
③是時曹公新得表眾,形勢甚盛。諸議者皆望風(fēng)畏懼,多勸權(quán)迎之。
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途選項。
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __1__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __2__
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __3__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __4__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __5__
To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. |
B.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships. |
C.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic. |
D.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. |
E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.
F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
G. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多余選項。
注意:如果選E 請涂 AB ; 選 F請涂 AC; 選G請涂AD .
When people get a bad toothache, they often have to eat soft, easily chewed food. ___1.__ That’s the conclusion of a zoologist at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago and a dentist who works on carnivores (食肉動物).
___2.__ Every once in a while, however, a lion will go on a human-eating diet. The most famous such tragedy happened in 1898, when two lions killed and ate 135 railway workers in Kenya.
Examining the preserved skulls of the two big lions, zoologist Bruce Patterson and dentist Ellis Neiburger found that both animals had been suffering from several dental and jaw problems. ___3.___ Canines are pointed teeth that hunting animals use for gripping and piercing prey .
The two lions might have been so badly disabled that they couldn’t bite down forcefully, say the researchers. Consequently, the lions might have abandoned their normal, more difficult prey and turned to humans. Patterson said “____4._____ We’re very slow, we don’t hear very well, and we don’t see very well in the darkness.”
______5.____ It was inspired partly by the work of Jim Corbett, a tiger hunter in India in the 1930s. Corbett was regularly called in to hunt tigers that had been dining on Indian villagers. Time after time, Patterson discovered that the killer tigers were suffering from some ill-healthy conditions.
注意:如果選E 請涂 AB ; 選 F請涂 AC; 選G請涂AD .
A. Humans are easy preys.
B. Lions don’t normally prey on people.
C. When lions get a bad toothache, they eat people
D. One lion had three missing teeth and a loose, unsteady lower canine that was probably useless.
E. The research calls their idea the Infirmity Theory.
F. He had absolutely no experience taking medicine.
G. Talking about it in the abstract isn’t enough.
書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
最近的一項研究表明,北京大約有50%青少年有不吃早餐的習(xí)慣。請根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容用英語寫一篇題為 “Top Meal of the Day”的短文刊登在 21st Century 報上。
原 因 |
晚上學(xué)習(xí)太晚,不吃早餐可多睡一會兒。家長太忙,無暇顧及,給錢讓孩子自己解決。一些女孩為保持苗條身材常不吃早餐。 |
結(jié) 果 |
上課時總是睡覺,注意力下降,考試成績不理想。 |
建 議 |
早餐不可少,它能提供全天所需能量的30%,且有助于創(chuàng)造性思維。青少年健康應(yīng)從早餐開始。 |
注意:①. 短文須包括所有要點,可以適當(dāng)增加情節(jié),使內(nèi)容連慣。
②. 詞數(shù)100 – 120.
③. 參考詞匯: slim 苗條的 creative 創(chuàng)造性的
2012倫敦殘奧會the 2012 London Paralympic Games已進入籌備工作,倫敦奧組委現(xiàn)向世界各地招募志愿者,招募具體情況見海報。
VOLUNTEER POST We are looking for applications for the following posts: *translator or interpreter *social volunteer *stadium volunteer *transportation volunteer the 2012 Olympic Committee |
假如你是李華,17歲,現(xiàn)是銀川一中高三年級的一名學(xué)生,請根據(jù)上面海報中自己感興趣的一個志愿者工作給倫敦殘奧委寫回信,應(yīng)征其中的一項志愿者工作。回信要求包括如下內(nèi)容:
1、個人信息:名字(Li Hua),年齡,身份;
2、你的性格特點;
3、你的興趣、愛好、特長;
4、你的相關(guān)經(jīng)歷。
注意:信的開頭、結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出(不計入詞數(shù))
Dearthe 2012 London Paralympic Committee,
I am writing to apply for a position at your Volunteer Post. _______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__
I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
1.解析:,故選A。
2.解析:∵
,
故選B。
3.解析:由,得,此時,所以,,故選C。
4.解析:顯然,若與共線,則與共線;若與共線,則,即,得,∴與共線,∴與共線是與共線的充要條件,故選C。
5.解析:設(shè)公差為,由題意得,;,解得或,故選C。
6.解析:∵雙曲線的右焦點到一條漸近線的距離等于焦距的,∴,又∵,∴,∴,∴雙曲線的離心率是。故選B.
7.解析:∵、為正實數(shù),∴,∴;由均值不等式得恒成立,,故②不恒成立,又因為函數(shù)在是增函數(shù),∴,故恒成立的不等式是①③④。故選C.
8.解析:∵,∴在區(qū)間上恒成立,即在區(qū)間上恒成立,∴,故選D。
9.解析:∵
,此函數(shù)的最小值為,故選C。
10.解析:如圖,∵正三角形的邊長為,∴,∴,又∵,∴,故選D。
11.解析:∵在區(qū)間上是增函數(shù)且,∴其反函數(shù)在區(qū)間上是增函數(shù),∴,故選A
12.解析:如圖,①當(dāng)或時,圓面被分成2塊,涂色方法有20種;②當(dāng)或時,圓面被分成3塊,涂色方法有60種;
③當(dāng)時,圓面被分成4塊,涂色方法有120種,所以m的取值范圍是,故選A。
13.解析:做出表示的平面區(qū)域如圖,當(dāng)直線經(jīng)過點時,取得最大值5。
14.解析:∵,∴時,,又時,滿足上式,因此,,
∴。
15.解析:設(shè)正四面體的棱長為,連,取的中點,連,∵為的中點,∴∥,∴或其補角為與所成角,∵,,∴,∴,又∵,∴,∴與所成角的余弦值為。
16.解析:∵,∴,∵點為的準(zhǔn)線與軸的交點,由向量的加法法則及拋物線的對稱性可知,點為拋物線上關(guān)于軸對稱的兩點且做出圖形如右圖,其中為點到準(zhǔn)線的距離,四邊形為菱形,∴,∴,∴,∴,∴,∴向量與的夾角為。
17.(10分)解析:(Ⅰ)由正弦定理得,,,…2分
∴,,………4分
(Ⅱ)∵,,∴,∴,………………………6分
又∵,∴,∴,………………………8分
∴。………………………10分
18.解析:(Ⅰ)∵,∴;……………………理3文4分
(Ⅱ)∵三科會考不合格的概率均為,∴學(xué)生甲不能拿到高中畢業(yè)證的概率;……………………理6文8分
(Ⅲ)∵每科得A,B的概率分別為,∴學(xué)生甲被評為三好學(xué)生的概率為!12分
(理)∵,,,。……………………9分
∴的分布列如下表:
0
1
2
3
∴的數(shù)學(xué)期望。……………………12分
19.(12分)解析:(Ⅰ)時,
,,
由得, 或 ………3分
+
0
-
0
+
遞增
極大值
遞減
極小值
遞增
, ………………………6分
(Ⅱ)在定義域上是增函數(shù),
對恒成立,即
………………………9分
又(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)時,)
………………………4分
20.解析:(Ⅰ)∵∥,,∴,∵底面,∴,∴平面,∴,又∵平面,∴,∴平面,∴!4分
(Ⅱ)∵平面,∴,,∴為二面角的平面角,………………………6分
,,∴,又∵平面,,∴,∴二面角的正切值的大小為!8分
(Ⅲ)過點做∥,交于點,∵平面,∴為在平面內(nèi)的射影,∴為與平面所成的角,………………………10分
∵,∴,又∵∥,∴和與平面所成的角相等,∴與平面所成角的正切值為。………………………12分
解法2:如圖建立空間直角坐標(biāo)系,(Ⅰ)∵,,∴點的坐標(biāo)分別是,,,∴,,設(shè),∵平面,∴,∴,取,∴,∴!4分
(Ⅱ)設(shè)二面角的大小為,∵平面的法向量是,平面的法向量是,∴,∴,∴二面角的正切值的大小為。………………………8分
(Ⅲ)設(shè)與平面所成角的大小為,∵平面的法向量是,,∴,∴,∴與平面所成角的正切值為!12分
21.(Ⅰ) 解析:如圖,設(shè)右準(zhǔn)線與軸的交點為,過點
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