Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both questions is yes.To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

    It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random (隨意地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that integigence depends on birth.

    Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.

1. Which of the following best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph One?

    A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.

    B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.

    C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

    D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

2.In the first paragraph,“no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence” suggests that       .

A. no environment can change the least able into the most able

    B. the difference in men’s intelligence depends on the amount of their education

    C. if a person is born clever, he is certain to be a genius

    D. if a person is born stupid, nothing can change him into an educated person

3.The last paragraph mainly shows       .

    A. the importance of education

    B. the relationship between environment and birth

    C. the writer’s final conclusion

    D. the relationship between intelligence and environment

4. The best title for this passage would be       .

    A. Dependence on Education          B. Intelligence

    C. Surroundings                     D. Effect of Education

5. Which statement about the passage is true?

    A. All twins have similar degrees of intelligence.

     B. A man who is educated in university must make greater achievements than a man who works in a boring factory.

    C. Proper education can change one’s intelligence at some degree.

    D. Education can’t make a child born with low intelligence cleverer.

 

 

III.完形填空（共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從36~55各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項

  I recently worked with some other Chinese professors to carry out a survey in the neighborhood in the US. It’s about the parents taking care of the children. And through the survey we know that in the past, most American mothers were at home to take care of their children during the day. Now, _36____,, many mothers are working. More than half of the American women____37_young children have ___38_outside their homes.

  American families settle the child care___39_ in different ways. Some parents permit____40_children to stay at home alone after school. The parents___41_ be sure that the children, usually not younger than 10 years old, understand the ___42_rules and can deal with emergencies (緊急情況). Other parents say they will ____43_ permit their children to be at home alone. They usually ___44_ someone to take care of the ___45_.

  Some parents in the US find their own way to ____46_ the cost of child care. They join child care___47_. Each person in the group ___48_ for the children of other group __49_at different times. Some parents ask local___50_, schools and social organizations to help ___51_ activities to the children. These child care choices often cost___52_ or no money. Many American parents , however, still ___53__with the problem of ___54 _ good child care at a ___55_price.

36. A. therefore     B. otherwise     C. thus         D. however

37.A. like          B. as           C. with         D. from

38.A. children      B. jobs          C. houses       D. money

39.A. problem      B. question       C. chance       D. choice

40.A．older        B. younger       C. sticker       D. happier

41.A. can          B. must          C. may        D. ought

42.A. dangerous      B. safety     C. funny         D. true

43.A. rather         B. certainly    C. always       D. never

44.A. send          B. stop        C. pay         D. invite

45.A. houses        B. neighbors     C. old        D. children

46.A. protect        B. end          C. reduce     D. increase

47.A. schools        B. groups       C. clubs      D. hospitals

48.A. cares          B. sends       C. asks        D. pays

49.A. strangers       B. members     C. officials   D. teachers

50.A.shops          B. markets      C. churches    D. restaurants

51.A.equip          B. offer        C. play       D. join

52.A.much          B. little         C. enough    D. more

53.A.enjoy          B. discuss       C. quarrel    D. struggle

54.A.taking         B. finding        C. losing    D. suffering

55.A.high          B. low           C. reasonable  D. real

 

The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all across the United States are given presents, treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special.

However, the idea for creating a day for children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman by the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon in 1909. Having been raised by her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to her.

It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was, in the eyes of his daughter, a selfless and loving man. Sonora’s father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration in Spokane, Washington on the 19^th of June, 1910.

In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge declared the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day. Roses are the Father’s Day flowers: red to be worn for a living father and white if the father has died.

When children can’t visit their fathers or take them out to dinner, they send a greeting card. Traditionally, fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental. Most greeting cards are too special so fathers laugh when they open them. Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needs Dad.

The United States is special in Father’s Day because___________.

A. many people celebrate the day        B. only America celebrate the day

C. America makes it an official day      D. all men are honored in America

At first, Father’s Day was fixed on June 19^th because _________.

A. Sonora honored her father on her father’s birthday   B. Sonora birthday was June 19^th

C. it was decided by the President at that time         D. her mother died on June 19^th

How many years has passed before Father’s Day became an official day since Father’s Day was

celebrated?

A. 4           B. 10           C. 14          D. 24

According to the passage, on Father’s Day ______

A. people will wear the same flowers to honor their fathers

B. only daughters wear red flowers to honor their fathers

C. children must go home to honor their fathers

D. fathers are often honored in different ways

任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分）

請認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。

Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate．“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”．Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them．But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication．A student．for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions．and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class．”The teacher might say the opposite．Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong．

The concept of serf originates in communication．Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others．You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you．Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are．Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process．Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people．In a more obvious way．communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share．So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self．

Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life．If you are not communicating  with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior．Even if the other person did not intend a message for you．you gather observations and draw specific conclusions．A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message．A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you．A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you．We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them．

More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement．You may have made a joke out of your rude statement．Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind．You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others．Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated．When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right．Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results．

Paragraph outline	Supporting Details
Communication begins with the self	●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages． ●we are always（71）  ▲  in communication with others．
Communication （72） ▲ others	●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles． ●Messages from others help you（73）  ▲  who you are． ●Needs and（74）  ▲  of others should be considered．
Communication （75）  ▲ everywhere	●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world． ●We are always（76）  ▲  other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you． ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’（77）  ▲  ． ●We are constantly（78）  ▲  meanings by what we do．
Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated	●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot（79）  ▲    what remains in the other person’s mind． ●Yon may redo the conversation，but you（80）  ▲  achieve the same results．

Until late in the 20th century most Americans spent time with people of different generations. Now middle-aged Americans may not keep in touch with old people until they are old themselves.

That's because we group people by age. We put our three-year-olds together in day-care centers, our 13-year-olds in schools and sport activities, and our 80-year-olds in senior citizen homes. Why?

We live far away from the old for many reasons. Young people sometimes avoid the old to get rid of fears of becoming old and dying. It is much harder to watch someone we love disappear before our eyes. Sometimes it’s got hard that we stay away from the people who need us the most.

Fortunately, some of us have found our way to the old. And we have discovered that they often save the young.

A reporter moved her family into a block filled with old people. At first her children were disappointed. But the reporter made banana bread for the neighbors and had her children send it and visit them. Soon the children had many new friends, with whom they shared food, stories and projects. "My children have never been lonely, "the reporter said.

The young, in turn, save the old. Once I was in a rest home (an organization where old people are cared for) when a visitor showed up with a baby, she was immediately surrounded. People who hadn't gotten out of bed in a week suddenly were ringing for a wheelchair. Even those who had seemed asleep woke up to watch the child. Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure.

Grandparents are a special case. They give their grandchildren a feeling of security and continuity. As my husband put it "My grandparents gave me a deep sense that things would turn out right in the end." Grandchildren speak of attention they don't get from worried parents. "My parents were always telling me to hurry up, and my grandparents told me to slow down," one friend said. A teacher told me she can tell which pupils have relationships with grandparents: they are quieter, calmer and more trusting.

Now in an American family, people can find that___________.

A．children never live with their parents                         

B．not all working people live with their parents

C．old people are supported by their grandchildren   

D．grandchildren are supported by their grandparents

Seeing a baby, the old people got excited because _______.

A．they had never seen a baby before 

B．the baby was clever and beautiful                   

C．the baby brought them the image of life

D．the baby's mother would take care of them            

Why are some children quieter, calmer and more trusting ?

A．Because they have relationships with their grandparents.            

B．Because their worried parents ask them to act like that.

C . Because they have nothing to worry about.                        

D．Because their teachers ask them to act like that.

Which of the following can show the fact that the old often save the young?

A．The old can become friends of the children and the children may not feel lonely.

B．The old get excited when they see a baby. _{高@考☆資&源*網(wǎng)}

C．The old can cure the young when they are sick.

D．Babies have an astonishing power to comfort and cure.