31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image002.gif)
多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶
多離子鹽溶液中晶體的析出屬初中所學(xué)內(nèi)容，但初中所學(xué)不能滿足于高考的要求，因此高中階段有必要加深。
●難點(diǎn)磁場
請?jiān)囎鲆韵骂}目，然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。
已知四種物質(zhì)在水中、液氨中的溶解度(g溶質(zhì)/
溶質(zhì)
溶劑
AgNO3
Ba(NO3)2
AgCl
BaCl2
水
170
9.3
1.5×10－4
33.3
液氨
86
97.2
0.8
0
(1)分別是1.0 mol? L－1的Ag＋、Ba2＋、NO－3和Cl－在水中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式是 。
(2)分別是0.50 mol?L－1的以上四種離子在液氨中發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式是
。
(3)得出以上結(jié)論的依據(jù)是 。
(4)將以上四種離子按適當(dāng)濃度混合于液氨之中，能否有AgCl沉淀析出？
答：________(“能”或“否”)。
●案例探究
[例題]下面是四種鹽在不同溫度下的溶解度(g／
NaNO3 KNO3 NaCl KCl
(計(jì)算時(shí)假定：①鹽類共存時(shí)不影響各自的溶解度；②過濾晶體時(shí)，溶劑損耗忽略不計(jì))
(1)取
將濾液冷卻至
(2)另取34.0gNaNO3和
命題意圖：本題考查多離子溶液中晶體的析出(實(shí)為沉淀生成)和溶解度的計(jì)算技能。
知識依托：物質(zhì)的結(jié)晶。
錯(cuò)解分析：不了解物質(zhì)的結(jié)晶與復(fù)分解反應(yīng)的關(guān)系，(1)問無解；沒看出(2)問數(shù)據(jù)的巧妙而費(fèi)解。
解題思路：(1)
m高溫＝
＝
＝
將溶液冷卻到
＝
=
析出NaCl晶體的質(zhì)量為：(
則：m低溫=
(2)兩種原始溶液中，各種鹽的物質(zhì)的量都相等。
n(NaCl)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image004.gif)
=n(KNO3)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image006.gif)
=n(NaNO3)
=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image008.gif)
=n(KCl)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image010.gif)
=0.400 mol。
因而溶解后得到的兩種溶液中四種離子濃度完全相同，根據(jù)溶解度數(shù)據(jù)可知，
m′高溫=m高溫=
答案：(1)
●錦囊妙計(jì)
多離子溶液中的任何一種陽離子與任何一種陰離子相結(jié)合都可構(gòu)成為溶液的一種溶質(zhì)，若忽略同離子效應(yīng)和鹽效應(yīng)(即假定鹽類共存時(shí)不影響各自的溶解度)，當(dāng)溶液中各離子濃度相等時(shí)，不論蒸發(fā)還是降溫，溶解度最小的溶質(zhì)首先析出，且析出鹽的陽離子(或陰離子)與溶液中的其他陰離子(或其他陽離子)不會(huì)結(jié)晶析出，但與析出鹽晶體中陰、陽離子無關(guān)的其他陰、陽離子所形成的溶質(zhì)有析出的可能。
若溶液中各離子濃度不等，則有析出多種晶體的可能。若SA＞SB＞SC＞SD，則晶體析出的先后順序?yàn)椋篋、C、B，一般不會(huì)析出A。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)取
2.(★★★)將例題中的“
3.(★★★★)將例題中的“
4.(★★★★★)某化學(xué)興趣小組欲從NaNO3和KCl的混合溶液中分離出KNO3，設(shè)計(jì)了如下實(shí)驗(yàn)方案：
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（15）――多離子鹽溶液的結(jié)晶.files/image012.jpg)
假設(shè)：①混合溶液中，n(KCl)=n(NaNO3)；②鹽類共存時(shí)不影響各自的溶解度。溶液中各種溶質(zhì)在
(1)①的主要操作是 ；
②的主要操作是 。
(2)晶體A的主要成分是____________，若含有雜質(zhì)可能是____________。晶體C的主要成分是____________，若含有雜質(zhì)可能____________；通過實(shí)驗(yàn)確定晶體C中是否含有該雜質(zhì)的方法是 。
(3)若晶體C中確實(shí)含有雜質(zhì)，進(jìn)一步提純的方法是____________。
31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）
結(jié)晶水合物的析出
溶液中晶體的析出是初中學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，初中學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要求低，不能滿足于高考的需要，因此有必要深入學(xué)習(xí)。
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image002.jpg)
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image004.gif)
●難點(diǎn)磁場
請?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目，然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。
t℃時(shí)向a
g飽和Na2CO3(aq)中加入
(1)S(Na2CO3)與a的關(guān)系式，S=_____________(S代表溶解度)。
(2)a的取值范圍。
●案例探究
[例題]已知某溫度下，無水Na2CO3的溶解度是
命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對析出結(jié)晶水合物的計(jì)算能力。
知識依托：溶解度的概念和計(jì)算。
錯(cuò)解分析：常見錯(cuò)解有三：一是忽略析出的碳酸鈉晶體中含有結(jié)晶水，二是不知道析出的碳酸鈉晶體中含多少結(jié)晶水，三是認(rèn)為析出的碳酸鈉晶體中只含有
解題思路：解答本題有兩種方法，一是過程思維法，二是終態(tài)思維法。
方法1(過程思維法)：先求加入的
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
m1(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
再求溶解在
m2(Na2CO3)＝備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image006.gif)
＝
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
m2(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
依次類推，求m3(Na2CO3)及m3(Na2CO3?10H2O)和m3(H2O)，直至所得晶體質(zhì)量mi(Na2CO3?10H2O)在備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image008.gif)
(Na2CO3?10H2O)的和中可以忽略為止。
m3(Na2CO3)＝備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image010.gif)
＝
Na2CO3 ～ Na2CO3?10H2O ～ 10H2O
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image011.jpg)
m3(Na2CO3?10H2O)=
m4(Na2CO3)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image013.gif)
=
m4(Na2CO3?10H2O)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image015.gif)
=
……(生成固體質(zhì)量以0.170倍遞減)
最后得出所得晶體質(zhì)量m(Na2CO3?10H2O)
m(Na2CO3?10H2O)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image017.gif)
(Na2CO3?10H2O)
=
=
方法2(終態(tài)思維法)：設(shè)最終析出Na2CO3?10H2O的質(zhì)量為x，則其中含有Na2CO3和水的質(zhì)量分別為：
m(Na2CO3)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image019.gif)
m(H2O)=備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image021.gif)
這樣，若將(－的水中，在題設(shè)溫度下，當(dāng)形成飽和溶液，所以：
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（14）――結(jié)晶水合物的析出.files/image023.gif)
x＝
答案：
評注：二法相比，方法一不及方法二簡捷、準(zhǔn)確。方法一之答案較方法二之答案出現(xiàn)一定的誤差，是有效運(yùn)算和四舍五入的結(jié)果。若進(jìn)行純數(shù)字運(yùn)算，則兩種方法的計(jì)算結(jié)果應(yīng)該是完全相同的。
●錦囊妙計(jì)
求析出結(jié)晶水合物的質(zhì)量，常有兩種思維：(1)過程思維：按晶體析出分過程計(jì)算的一種方法，思維樸素易接受，但計(jì)算量大；(2)終態(tài)思維：摒棄晶體析出過程，直接由最終結(jié)果計(jì)算的方法，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是計(jì)算量相對較小。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)在一定溫度下，向足量的飽和Na2CO3(aq)中加入
A.等于
C.等于
2.(★★★)將例題中的“
3.(★★★★)t℃時(shí)，向足量飽和Na2CO3(aq)中，加入
4.(★★★★★)硫代硫酸鈉晶體(Na2S2O3?5H2O)俗名海波、大蘇打�，F(xiàn)向定量飽和Na2S2O3(aq)中加入m g無水Na2S2O3固體，攪拌后靜置，得到一定質(zhì)量的Na2S2O3?5H2O晶體，欲求所得晶體質(zhì)量x(g)，還必須補(bǔ)充一個(gè)條件。則：
(1)所補(bǔ)充的條件是 (用字母表示，但要說明它的含義)；
(2)寫出求所得晶體質(zhì)量的計(jì)算式，x＝______。
31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image002.gif)
較難離子方程式的書寫
某些離子方程式因受規(guī)定條件的限制，也就給書寫帶來了一定的困難，有的甚至很難寫出。
●難點(diǎn)磁場
請?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目，然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。
1.將Al2(SO4)3(aq)逐滴滴入Ba(OH)2(aq)中，寫出可發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式。
(1)__________________________________；
(2)__________________________________；
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image004.jpg)
(3)__________________________________(可不寫滿，也可補(bǔ)充)。
●案例探究
[例題]已知Br2水與FeCl2(aq)發(fā)生如下反應(yīng)：
3Br2＋6FeCl2====4FeCl3＋2FeBr3
現(xiàn)將112 mL(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況)Cl2通入10.0 mL 1.0 mol?Ｌ－1的FeBr2(aq)中，寫出發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式__________________。
命題意圖：考查學(xué)生離子方程式的書寫及比較物質(zhì)還原性強(qiáng)弱的能力。
知識依托：①物質(zhì)氧化性(或還原性)強(qiáng)弱的比較。②Cl2的氧化性。③離子方程式的書寫。
錯(cuò)解分析：不進(jìn)行定量分析，誤寫出下列離子方程式：
2Fe2＋＋4Br－＋3Cl2====2Fe3＋＋2Br2＋6Cl－
不進(jìn)行還原性比較，誤寫出下列離子方程式：
2Br－＋Cl2====2Cl－＋Br2
解題思路：通過題給反應(yīng)可比較出Fe3＋與Br2的氧化性強(qiáng)弱(Br2強(qiáng))，從而明確Cl2通入FeBr2(aq)中先與Fe2＋反應(yīng)，若Cl2還有剩余再與Br－發(fā)生反應(yīng)。
n(Cl2)＝備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image006.gif)
＝5.00×10－3
mol
n(FeBr2)＝10.0×10－
這樣，F(xiàn)e2＋可失去1.0×10－2 mol的電子，而Cl2最多得1.0×10－2 mol的電子，得失電子應(yīng)守恒，故Br－不失電子。
答案：2Fe2＋＋Cl2====2Fe3＋＋2Cl－
●錦囊妙計(jì)
較難離子方程式的書寫要注意以下問題：
1.不是以自由移動(dòng)離子參加反應(yīng)的，不能寫成離子的形式，包括難溶于水的強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)、所有弱電解質(zhì)和非電解質(zhì)，都必須寫成化學(xué)式的形式；這里特別需要指出的是某些易溶于水的強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)，若沒電離成自由移動(dòng)的離子，也不能寫成離子的形式，中學(xué)階段常見的有：
①Cl2通入石灰乳中；
②用NaCl(或螢石)和濃H2SO4制取HCl(或HF)；
③加熱NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2的混合物制取NH3。
2.離子方程式不僅遵循質(zhì)量守恒定律，還遵循電荷守恒規(guī)律。水解相互促進(jìn)離子方程式的配平，可先進(jìn)行電荷守恒配平。
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image007.jpg)
3.原電池和電解池兩極上的電極反應(yīng)式疊加不一定是電池總反應(yīng)的離子方程式。
4.多離子溶液中，離子得失電子的能力也是應(yīng)該注意的。如得電子能力：Br2＞Fe3＋＞I2。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)完成下列反應(yīng)的離子方程式。
(1)將NaAlO2(aq)和AlCl3(aq)混合： (水解相互促進(jìn)，反應(yīng)進(jìn)行到底，下同)；
(2)將10.00 mL 0.10 mol?L－1的NaHCO3(aq)與5.00 mL 0.10 mol?L－1的KAl(SO4)3(aq)混合： 。
2.(★★★★)
(1)向NaHSO4(aq)中，逐滴加入Ba(OH)2(aq)至中性，寫出發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式_______________。
(2)在以上中性溶液中，繼續(xù)滴加Ba(OH)2(aq)，請寫出此步反應(yīng)的離子方程式_______________。
3.(★★★★)已知還原能力：I－＞Fe2＋＞Br－，則：
(1)少量Cl2通入FeI2(aq)中，反應(yīng)的離子方程式是 ；
(2)過量Cl2通入FeI2(aq)中，反應(yīng)的離子方程式是 ；
(3)將1.2 mol Cl2通入含有FeI2 1.0 mol的水溶液中： 。
4.(★★★★★)鋁銨礬[NH4Al(SO4)2?12H2O]是一種重要的工業(yè)原料，將它溶于水配成溶液，然后逐滴滴入NaOH(aq)，已知：NH備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image009.gif)
＋AlO備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image011.gif)
＋H2O====Al(OH)3↓＋NH3↑，寫出先后發(fā)生反應(yīng)的離子方程式：
(1) ，
(2) ，
(3)NH3?H2O備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（13）――較難離子方程式的書寫.files/image013.gif)
NH3↑＋H2O，
(4) 。
31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（12）
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（12）――順序不同現(xiàn)象異.files/image002.gif)
順序不同現(xiàn)象異
備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（12）――順序不同現(xiàn)象異.files/image004.jpg)
化學(xué)上有一類反應(yīng)，將A滴入B中與將B滴入A中現(xiàn)象往往不同，此即所謂：順序不同現(xiàn)象異。
●難點(diǎn)磁場
請?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目，然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。
向下列溶液中滴入硝酸銀溶液，振蕩，不產(chǎn)生白色沉淀，繼續(xù)滴入硝酸銀溶液，產(chǎn)生白色沉淀的是( )
A.NH3?H2O B.BaCl
●案例探究
[例題]下列四組溶液，不論如何滴加，反應(yīng)現(xiàn)象一定相同的是________。
A.NaOH和CuSO4 B.Ca(OH)2與H3PO4
C.NaOH與AlCl3 D.NaAlO2與HCl
命題意圖：考查學(xué)生對過量反應(yīng)的認(rèn)識。
知識依托：無機(jī)化學(xué)反應(yīng)。
錯(cuò)解分析：將A滴入B中，A不足，B過量；將B滴入A中，B不足，A過量。A、B比例不同，反應(yīng)原理和實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象往往不同，對此認(rèn)識不清，往往造成錯(cuò)解。
解題思路：逐項(xiàng)分析。
(1)不論NaOH過量，還是CuSO4過量，二者只按下式反應(yīng)：
Cu2＋＋2OH－====Cu(OH)2↓
即過量的NaOH或CuSO4，都不與生成的Cu(OH)2反應(yīng)。A可選。
(2)①將Ca(OH)2向H3PO4滴加，開始時(shí)H3PO4過量，生成可溶于水的Ca(H2PO4)2，至H3PO4消耗完畢。隨著Ca(OH)2的不斷增加，Ca(H2PO4)2中的H＋逐漸被中和掉，先后分別出現(xiàn)CaHPO4沉淀和Ca3(PO4)2沉淀。即開始不生成沉淀，后來生成沉淀。
將H3PO4向Ca(OH)2中滴加，開始時(shí)，Ca(OH)2過量，H3PO4被完全中和，生成Ca3(PO4)2沉淀，至Ca(OH)2消耗完畢。隨著H3PO4的不斷滴加，Ca3(PO4)2逐漸轉(zhuǎn)化為CaHPO4，最后轉(zhuǎn)化為可溶于水的Ca(H2PO4)2。即開始生成沉淀，后來沉淀溶解。B不可選。
(3)將NaOH(aq)滴入AlCl3(aq)中，開始產(chǎn)生沉淀，后來沉淀逐漸消失。將AlCl3(aq)滴入NaOH(aq)中，開始不產(chǎn)生沉淀，后來產(chǎn)生沉淀不消失。C不可選。
(4)將NaAlO2滴入稀鹽酸中，開始無沉淀產(chǎn)生，后來產(chǎn)生沉淀不消失。將稀鹽酸滴入NaAlO2溶液中，開始有白色沉淀產(chǎn)生，后來沉淀逐漸溶解。可見，D不可選。
答案：A
●錦囊妙計(jì)
順序不同現(xiàn)象異，其實(shí)質(zhì)是過量反應(yīng)和連續(xù)反應(yīng)的結(jié)果，做好過量分析是解決這類問題的關(guān)鍵：
將A溶液滴入B溶液中，開始時(shí)，A不足，B過量，A完全反應(yīng)，B剩余。隨著滴加的進(jìn)行，B溶液將消耗殆盡。這時(shí)再滴入的A可能會(huì)與A、B反應(yīng)的產(chǎn)物C反應(yīng)。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)向下列溶液中滴入稀硫酸，生成白色沉淀，繼續(xù)滴入稀硫酸，沉淀又溶解的是( )
A.Na2SiO3 B.BaCl2 C.FeCl3 D.NaAlO2
2.(★★★★)向下列一定濃度溶液中滴入氫氧化鐵膠體，沒有紅褐色沉淀產(chǎn)生，繼續(xù)滴入氫氧化鐵膠體，產(chǎn)生紅褐色沉淀的是( )
A.H2SO4 B.Na2SO4 C.HCl D.C2H5OH
3.(★★★★)一定濃度的下列溶液中滴入蛋白質(zhì)溶液，產(chǎn)生沉淀，再滴入蒸餾水，沉淀不溶解的是( )
A.Na2SO4 B. (NH4)2SO4 C. Pb(Ac)2 D.HNO3(△)
4.(★★★★★)已知，向Zn2＋溶液中滴加氨水，生成Zn(OH)2白色沉淀；但是氨水過量時(shí)，沉淀又溶解，生成了Zn(NH3)備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（12）――順序不同現(xiàn)象異.files/image006.gif)
。此外，Zn(OH)2既可溶于鹽酸，也可溶于過量NaOH溶液中，生成ZnO備考學(xué)案：31種解題方法讓你考試無憂（12）――順序不同現(xiàn)象異.files/image008.gif)
，所以Zn(OH)2是一種兩性氫氧化物。
現(xiàn)有4組離子，每組有2種金屬離子。請各選用1種試劑，將它們兩者分開，可供選用的試劑有：
A.硫酸 B.鹽酸 C.硝酸 D.氫氧化鈉溶液 E.氨水 請?zhí)顚懴卤恚?填寫時(shí)用字母代號)
離子組
選用的試劑(代號)
沉淀物的化學(xué)式
保留在溶液中的離子
(1)Zn2＋和Al3＋
(2)Zn2＋和Mg2＋
(3)Zn2＋和Ba2＋
(4)Fe3＋和Al3＋
遼寧省營口市2009屆高三高考模擬考試
英語試卷
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，共12頁。滿分120分�？荚嚂r(shí)間100分鐘。
注意事項(xiàng)：
1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試題卷、答題紙及答題卡上，并把答題卡上準(zhǔn)考證號對應(yīng)的位置，用2B鉛筆涂黑。座位號填寫在答題紙第2頁右上角指定位置。
2. 選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，如需改動(dòng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號，答在試題卷上無效。
3. 非選擇題用藍(lán)或黑色筆答在答題紙的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，答在試題卷上無效。
4. 考試結(jié)束，請將本試題卷、答題紙和答題卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
（選擇題共55題，共85分）
第一部分 英語知識運(yùn)用 （共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空 （共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
1. All our efforts will certainly lead to ________ more peaceful and more advanced world, _______ place where everyone enjoys his life and freedom.
A. the, a B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the
2.---Sorry ,Ann . I’m afraid that I can’t go to the magic show by David Copperfield with you.
---________Who knows when he will be back here next time?
A. It doesn’t matter. B. Do as you like.
C. What a shame! D. Take it easy.
3. My daughter is really _______QQ these days. She spends hours on it every day.
A. into B. up C. onto D. with
4.Good advertisements may well ________the consumers’ emotional needs as well as providing information.
A. refer to B. see to C. turn to D. lead to
5---Hi, David! How was your trip to
---Wonderful. I have never had _______ in my life.
A. a most exciting holiday B. a more exciting holiday
C. the most excited holiday D. the more excited holiday
6. Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right. He’s lucky he ______ hurt himself badly.
A. might B. would C. could have D. should have
7. ________ words do a better job of describing what it’s like to be a high school student than “ pressure”.
A. Few B Many C. Some D. Little
8. If you want to know the train schedule, please _______ at the booking office.
A. inquire B. acquire C. require D. request
9. It really seemed ages _______ the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars.
A. before B. after C. when D. as
10. Many American high school students _______ after-school jobs to make money and get a little bit more independence from their parents.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take over
11. William Beebe, one of the first men ______ the depth of the sea in a bathysphere, got interested in oceanography because of one book.
A. exploring B. having exploring
C. to be exploring D. to explore
12. -----Eric, you didn’t travel by train?
-----I ________, but then I decided to go by car instead; it was more convenient.
A. was going to B. didn’t C had to D. wouldn’t
13. I don’t think there is any sense listening to whatever you say ______ I don’t see things the way you do.
A. as if B. even if C. in case D. now that
14. Everyone has a unique character, and a place _______ truly suits him or her.
A. who B. what C. where D. that
15. I had been told that she was really nice but she was ______ nice when I met her.
A. anything but B. something but
C. nothing but D. everything but
第二節(jié) 完型填空 （ 共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分 ）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從16―35各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、 B、 C和 D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.
Although the cat doesn’t 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.
If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.
18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run.
Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always 24 to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it’s smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.
Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, don’t just 29 . It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, you’d 31 little fruit flies hovering (盤旋) all over them. They’d be rotten.
You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they don’t exist, but they’ll still be 34 . And at last you’ll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas.
16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember
17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide
18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently
19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill
20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet
21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however
22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise
25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent
26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let
27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different
28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful
29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out
30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away
31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see
32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though
33. A. pretend B. expect C. decide D. assume
34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond
35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out
第二部分 閱讀理解 （共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分 ）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) （A、B、C、和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Time out, extra chores and taking away privileges are more useful forms of disciplining (懲戒)naughty children than spanking or hitting, according to a study on Wednesday.
About 94 percent of parents use some form of physical punishment to teach their two-year-olds right from wrong, according to research studies. But psychologists say it could lead to later emotional and behavioral problems.
Even children who were only spanked some of time are more likely to show signs of sadness or have less confidence.
“The key is to be fair and do the same thing each time. Doing something
like hitting a child that seems cruel at best doesn’t help and can put a child
at risk for problems,” said Dr Paul Frick, of the
“It is better to use other punishments,” he added.
The
use of physical punishment to teach children has long been debated. In
countries such as
Frick and his team, who studied the effects of physical punishment on 98 children, said they couldn’t find any positive effects. Some children learned more from the hitting than what the parent was trying to teach them.
“The key is to have a lot of different forms of punishment depending on the age of the child,” said Frick, who reported his findings in the Journal of Applied Child Psychology.
He recommended time out for younger children and taking away television and electronic toys for older children. Giving extra chores can also get the message across.
Other measures are at least as effective as physical punishment and have less harmful potential consequences.
The researchers kept children whom they thought were at risk of later conduct problems out of the test and an equal number of other children who acted as a control group, to study what measures would be most helpful.
They questioned the parents and the children about positive and negative parenting behavior including the use of physical punishment.
“We got it from both viewpoints,” said Frick.
He added that children on the receiving end of a hit can learn that when they are upset and angry they hit, rather than understanding their behavior was wrong and that they need to do better.
36. According to the passage, why did Dr Frick advise against physical punishment?
A. Because the children will learn their behavior is wrong in time.
B. Because the children may hit people as a solution to problems.
C. Because it is illegal to use physical punishment in certain countries.
D. Because parents think it’s the easiest way to teach kids right from wrong.
37. Which of the following punishments is NOT recommended by Frick and his team?
A. Taking away toys B. Not allowing watching TV
C. Switching TV channels D. Doing more housework.
38. What should be kept in mind when disciplining a kid?
A. How he or she usually behaves.
B. Tell them why they are punished.
C. Be fair and stick to the same principle.
D. Use different forms of punishment each time.
39. Which of the following statements would Dr Frick agree to?
A. Spanking often fails to get the message of the parents across.
B. Parents need to praise their children after disciplining them.
C. The older a kid is, the fewer forms of punishment there are.
D. Many parents use physical punishment because of their own parents.
40. What’s the purpose of the writer to write this article?
A. To debate if physical punishment is illegal.
B. To introduce how to deal with young kids.
C. To order parents not to spank young kids.
D. To talk about how to discipline young kids.
B
Jenny Bowen, an American living in
Bowen, a mother of two adopted
Chinese daughters, is the executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an
organization which was founded in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve
the prospects for orphaned children in
Bowen hopes that running with the
Olympic torch would help draw attention to the children in China. She will be
among 19,400 runners who carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route
across five continents.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese
winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in
According to Olympic organizers, candidates (候選人) were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their “ love of Chinese culture and history ” and devotion to “ communicating information of a real China to their native countries”. Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
41. According to the text, Jenny Bowen ____________.
A. is interested in Chinese sports
B. founded Half the Sky, an organization which aims to help Chinese orphans
C. has adopted 13,000 children during 10 years
D. loves Chinese culture and history
42. Bowen hopes that being a torch runner would help ____________.
A. collect educational tools, medical support, etc, for orphans
B. make Half the Sky Foundation well known
C. communicate information of
D. draw attention to orphans in
43. Which of the following about the 2008 torch relay is WRONG?
A. The contest for its runners is organized by Lenovo Group and China Daily.
B. It has eight foreign runners, including an American, a German and a Venezuelan.
C. It will be the longest relay with the most runners in Olympic history.
D. It will be an opportunity to
communicate information of a real
44. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. A
B. HAPPY LIFE OF A
C. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.
D. THE LONGEST TORCH RELAY IN OLYMPIC HISTORY.
45. After reading the passage, we can infer that it is a(n) ____________.
A. biography B. argument C. newspaper D. advertisement
C
On Web sites across the Internet, people can access a variety of information about you. It’s in your interest to be aware of your online reputation and to take the necessary actions to make it what you want it to be.
The first step in protecting or improving your online reputation is to find out what information is already posted on the Internet and to assess the impression it leaves on people. Follow these tips to monitor and evaluate your online reputation:
Play the name game. Begin by typing your first and last name into several popular search engines to see where you are mentioned and in what context.
Example:
Robin Counts
Focus your search. To get more precise (精確的) results, put quotation marks around your name, so that the search engine reads your name as a phrase and not as two or more unrelated words that just happen to appear in the text.
Example:
“Robin Counts”
Search all of your names. If you have ever used a different name, if you use your middle name or initial, if you use a nickname, or if your name is frequently misspelled, search all variations to make sure you don’t miss anything important.
Example:
“Robin Counts”
“Robin J. Counts”
“Robin Counts Jensen”
Be strategic. If your search turns up information about other people who share your name, you can eliminate (消除) many false hits by using keywords. You can add keywords that apply only to you; for example your city, your employer, or a hobby.
Example:
“Robin Counts” “Woodgrove Bank”
“Robin counts”----skydiving
Go blogging. If any of your friends, family members or coworkers have blogs or personal Web pages on social networking sites, check them out from time to time to see if they are writing about you or posting pictures of you.
Be alert. Use the feature provided by some search engines that enables you to receive automatic notification (通知) of any new mention of your name or other personal information.
46.The passage mainly gives us advice on _____________.
A. how to google ourselves
B. how to monitor our online reputation
C. how to use different search engines
D. how to protect our online reputation
47. If you put quotation marks around your name when you search online, you will ____________.
A. get general information about yourself
B. still get other people’s information
C. get only your information
D. get most information about others
48. Which is the correct way to search if you want to eliminate many false hits?
A. “Jim Allan Green ” B. Jim Green
C. “Jim Green” D. “Jim Green”---gardening.
49. You are advised to go blogging to _______________.
A. have a better communication with your friends and family members
B. check out how popular you are with your friends and relatives
C. check out if others are writing about you or posting pictures of you
D. ask others not to disclose your personal information and picture
50. The feature provided by some search engines can help you to ___________.
A. prevent any new mention of your name or other personal information
B. find out any new mention of your name or other personal information.
C. know quickly any new mention of your name or other personal information
D. stop the spread of any new mention of your name or other personal information
D
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization (最佳化) compare the actual decision made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format (格式) that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges (出現(xiàn)) as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多方面的)，there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question “What will I do after graduation?” A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a concise statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to “What will I do after graduation that lead to successful career?”
51.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
B. A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
C. Research on how people make decisions.
D. Differences between long-range and short-range decision making.
52. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
A. Listing the consequences of each solution.
B. Calculating a numerical summary of each solution.
C. Deciding which consequences are most important.
D. Writing down all possible solutions.
53. According to decision-making worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that _____________________.
A. has the fewest variables to consider
B. uses the most decision worksheets
C. has the most points assigned to it
D. is agreed to by the greatest number of people
54. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of _____________.
A. describing a process
B. classifying types of worksheets
C. providing historical background
D. explaining a theory
55. The author states that “On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once” to explain that _____________________.
A. most decisions involve seven steps
B. human mental capacity has limitations
C. some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
D. people can keep more then seven ideas in their minds with practice
第 II 卷
（非選擇題 共35分）
第三部分 書面表達(dá) （共二節(jié)，滿分35分）
第一節(jié)：閱讀表達(dá)（4個(gè)小題，前2個(gè)小題各2分，后2個(gè)小題各3分，共10分）
閱讀下面的短文，請根據(jù)文后的要求答題（請注意后面的詞數(shù)要求）。
People in the
Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June.
Mother’s Day was proclaimed (宣布) a day for national observance by President
Woodrow Wilson in 1915. Ann Jarvis from
In 1909, Mrs Dodd from Spokane, Washington, thought of the
idea of a day to honor fathers. She wanted to honor her own father, William
Smart. After her mother died, he had the responsibility of raising a family of
five sons and a daughter. In 1910, the first father’s Day was observed in
These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地). On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues(燒烤) for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but is the thought that counts. Greeting card stores, florists(花店), candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
1. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
If a person wears a red carnation, it shows that the mother is still living.
2. Which sentence is main sentence of the fifth paragraph? (Please answer within 10 words)
3. What day is Mother’s Day ?
4. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
第二節(jié)：寫作（共1題，滿分25分）
我國運(yùn)動(dòng)健兒在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上取得了優(yōu)異成績，全國為之沸騰。
“與奧運(yùn)冠軍共成長”已成為全國青少年的熱門話題。請就下表中的內(nèi)容寫一篇英語短文。
注意：1.對所給要點(diǎn)不要逐條翻譯，要有適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；
2.詞數(shù)：120左右。短文開頭已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總數(shù)；
3.參考詞匯：追求 pursue
奧運(yùn)冠軍的共同點(diǎn)
1. 全力以赴，追求卓越；
2. 尊重他人，文明參賽；
3. 面對失敗，永不言棄。
如何做生活中的冠軍
1. 明確目標(biāo)，奮勇向前；
2. 心態(tài)平和，誠信待人。
你的觀點(diǎn)
……
Our athletes have made many achievements in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,
英語答案
1.-----5 CCABB 6-----10 CAAAC 11-----15 DADDA
16-----20 CCCBB 21-----25 DCADC 26-----30 ABBAC
31-----35 DAABB
36-----40 BCCAD 41-----45 DDCAC 46-----50 BBDCC 51-----55 ADCAB
卷II
1.A red one symbolizes a living mother.
2.These two special days are celebrated in many different ways.
3.The second Sunday in May is Mother’s day.
4.禮物的貴賤并不重要，重要的是對父母的心意。
A possible version
Our athletes have made many achievements in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which makes all the Chinese excited. Now how to grow up along with Olympic Champions has become a hot topic.
As we know, the Olympic Champions have much in common. First, they go all out to be excellent. Second, they treat others with respect and behave well during the games. Third, faced with one failure after another, they never give up.
How can we become a champion in real life? For one thing, we must set a clear goal, which will inspire us to pursue what we want. For another, a good state of mind is one of the key factors in success. Certainly, it’s very important for us to be sincere to others.
As middle school students, we must learn to deal with stress and build up self-confidence. Besides, we should treasure friendship and try to concentrate on our goals all the time.
本資料由《七彩教育網(wǎng)》www.7caiedu.cn 提供！
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報(bào)平臺(tái) | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無主義有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報(bào)專區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話：027-86699610 舉報(bào)郵箱：58377363@163.com