2009年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總及練習(xí)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):
初中英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)主要有五種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),一般將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
1. 一般現(xiàn)時(shí)的用法：主要由動(dòng)詞原形表示，但在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)要在詞尾加-s 。否定句和疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞do, does.
A. 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如The trees get green in spring . 。
B現(xiàn)在特征或狀態(tài)。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.
He doesn` t work in the factory .
C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven .
2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞be 的人稱形式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
   主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
  Where are they swimming?  They are swimming in the river.
  有些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示近期按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這些動(dòng)詞是：go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear…..
 She is coming to see me tomorrow.
3． 一般將來時(shí)： 主要表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
 由助動(dòng)詞shall 或will加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。/  be going to 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成
It won’t rain tonight .   I shall meet you at the station.
He is going to have a swim tomorrow.
4.一般過去時(shí)：由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。
表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。包括過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如；
Did you knock at the door just now? /  He finished reading the book yesterday.
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：由have的人稱形式加過去分詞構(gòu)成
A 到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如：
I have lent my book to Ann. 我把書借給了安。
He has never seen a real tiger. 他從來沒有見過真老虎。
B、從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
She has lived here since 1991. 從一九九一年起她就住在這里。
時(shí) 態(tài) 常用的時(shí)間副詞
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) every( year,otherday ,twodays,week,month…) ,often ,always,usually ,sometimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday
一般過去時(shí) last week, just now,yesterday, yeaterday morning ,the day before yesterday,then,
at that moment,(a few days) ago,
一般將來時(shí) tomorrow, next month, in two days, 
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) now
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) since ,for（one year….）, just, already, yet ,in the last five years, …before.so far

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 Be有人稱，數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)變化。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be (is am are) +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
一般過去時(shí)：be (was were)+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)填空：
1. Light_________(travel)faster than sound. He _______(get) up early in the morning
2. John usually ________(go) home on Sunday morning.
3. Cats ________(like ) fish while dogs _______ (like ).
4. He always__________(sleep) with his windows open.
5. One tree ___________(not make) a wood.  Two and three_______(be ) five .
6. I ______(say ) you are wrong. Everything _______(go )well in spring .
7. He_________(not wok) on Sundays. He _______(take) a walk after supper.
8. Lucy ________(prefer) coffee to milk. Lily ________(hate) traveling.
9. Children _______(love ) to play games. The boy _____(look ) like his mother.
10. The sun _______(rise ) in the east and ______(go) down in the west.
11. Where ______you ______(go ) just now? I _______(go)  to the library.
12. He______(live) in China last year, but he ________(live) in Japan now. He _________(live )there
 for three months. He ________(live) there by the end of this year.
13. He _______(pay) ten yuan for his new book yesterday. It ______(cost) him so little.
14. What _____you _____(wear )yesterday? I _______(wear ) a blue skirt.
15. He ______(feel ) very tired last night ,he ____(fall) asleep very quickly .
16. He______(say )he ______( will)write to me as soon as he came home.
17. He ______(take )his temperature half an hour ago.
18. We ________(win ) the league match last week, we ______(be ) the winners.
19. She ______(keep)me waiting for an hour last night . She ______(be )late.
20. He ______(find )it difficult to get to sleep. because he _______(be)too glad.
21. He ________(read ) a book when I ______(see) her  .
22. Great changes _______(happen ) in the village last year.
23. He ____(drive ) to Shanghai last week, he ________(choose )many presents for his family.
24. Just now ,he ______(mistake ) me for Lucy.
25. What ______you _____(do )now ? I ________(look) for my pen .
26. Look ,they ______(read)over there， others _______(dance)under the tall tree.
27. Listen ,someone___________(sing)English songs next room.
28. It’s five o’clock. . I________(do )my homework, My brother  __________(play)games , my mother _________(cook) supper, my father ________(mend ) his car in the garden.
29. Tom __________(fly ) kites with his classmates on the hill now.
30. Who ____________(wash ) clothes over there ? It’s my mother.
31. ______you _______(look ) for a ball? Yes .I am .
32. He _______always _______(try )out his new ideas.
33. The world population __________(grow ) faster and faster .
34. What _______Lucy _________(wear) today ? She _______(wear)a dark blue skirt.
35. ______you _______( make )a cake ? No . I__________(make) dumplings.
36. It________(rain )hard now. If it_________(not stop ) ,we________(not go )to the park.
37. The children ________(go )the park next week.They ________(have )a good time there.
38. He with his father _________(play)football tomorrow .
39. My friend _________ (come) to see me in two days.
40. What ______you _______(do )this Sunday ?  Nothing much . ______we ______( go )shopping?
 That’s a good idea. When ______we ______(meet) ?
41. There __________(be )a football match the day after tomorrow.
42. Jim __________(have ) a swim this evening. After that ,he ________(do )his homework.
43. ClassThree __________(not  have )any classes next week.
44. I________(buy )a skirt for my daughter next month.
45. _______you_______(start)your homework?  Yes, but I_________(not finish) it yet.
46. What ________you________(do )with the library book? I_____just _______(return)it .
47. Excuse me . I ________(lose ) my cat. _____you ______(see) it anywhere?
48. If I _______(lose )the book, I must pay for it.
49. I_______( come )to get my pan back. . ______you _______( finish)using it? Not yet.
50. _____you ever _______(milk) a cow? No, never.
51. How long _____you ______( be)  at this school ? For two years.
52. He ________(teach ) in this school for ten years . I_________( live )here since last year.
53. More than two days ________(pass) since we left.
54. _______you ______(take )her temperature? Yes, I have. I_______(have)a cold for a week.
55. _______you _______(sleep )well? Yes, I ______(sleep)well all night.
56．I_______ never________(hear)of that before.
56. Chinese _________(speak ) by the largest people in the world.
57. This bike _______(make ) in Shanghai .Bananas_________(grow )in the south of China.
58. Metal _________(use)for making machines.
59. Sheep _________(keep) farmers for producing wool and mutton.
60. The watch _________(buy) two years ago . It _________(buy) for two years.
61. The bike _________(use ) for ten years. It ________(break )down for two months.
62. ______you ______(wear )it a lot ? Yes . It _______(wear ) for ten years.
63. The young tree must __________(tie ) to the stick.
64. Trees should __________(plant ) in spring .
65.  Silk ________(produce ) in Suzhou.
66. Some of  the things ________(show ) in the museum now .
67. The  PRC _________(found)on October 1,1949.
68. The lost boy _______(find ) yesterday.
69. The book _________(write )   in English It can __________(read ) by many people.
70. Old people should ___________(speak )to  politely .
71. The teacher should ____________(listen ) to carefully.
72. She _________(surprise ) at the news just now.
73. She __________(see)to run into the room by me five minutes ago.
74. The ground _________(cover) with snow in winter.
75. Fruit should __________(harvest) at the right time.
76. There are twenty more trees to___________(plant).
77. He ________(mistake ) for Jim  by the man  yesterday.
78. Great changes_________(happen ) in the village since 1985.
79. The cheapest pen ________(choose ) by him at last .
80. The car must ___________(drive ) slowly   by old men.
綜合練習(xí)：
1. The girl _____(draw ) a co on the blackboard with chalk now.
2. When_____  you ______(lose ) the book?
3. How many times ______your uncle ____  (be )to Dalian ?  Twice
4. The girl always _______(prefer) Chinese to maths .
5. The girl _______(learn )to milk since last year .
6. ?What`s the girl crying for?   --- She ______(cut) her finger.
7. Stop ______.(guess).  Mrs Hu has told me who won the high jump.
8. The dog often ____(follow)the young man everywhere.
9. Can you _______(guess) it isn`t his ?
0. Hurry up, or you(catch)______ the train .
11. Rechard ________(give) you a call as soon as you comes back.
12. The little boy hurt his head . He _____(need) an operation at once.
13. Don`t worry. We _______(send) for the policemen.
14. My radio _______ (break).I can`t listen to it.
15. Robert lay quietly while the doctors ________ (operate) on him.
16. Don`t worry .They_______ (take) good care of your sin if you go to save the soldiers.
17. Most people _______(hate) the bad weather.
18. The spy ________ (cover) the blanks while the policemen came in .
19. Don`t go to see him . He _________(change) his mind .
20. Jim ______ (make) a few friends since he came to China.
21. Don`t worry. The foreign children _______ (get ) on well on well with their classmates.
22. Who _______(wear)  the sweater outside last night?
23. Look. You brother ________(fight)   with John.
24. _______ the door ______ ?(lock)
25. Glasses _________ (make)of glass .
26. Silk _______(sell) in some shops in the town..
27. The factory _________(produce) machines.
28. Do you know the Frenchman/ Yes , I__________(know ) him for two years.
29. The farmers often _________( sell) their vegetables in the market.
30. How many televisions ___________(make ) in the factory last week?
31. Athermos is used for _________(keep ) the water hot.
32. Can the motorbike _________?(ride)
33. The old woman __________ (lock ) the box when she goes out .
34. Don’t be afraid  . The dog must _________(tie ) to the tree.
35. All the new words __________(not look ) up in the dictionary yet .
36. How many babies __________(bear) in the world every year”
37. The woman _______(have ) ababy this morning.
38. The shoes in your size __________(sell) out.
39. Jack fell over while he ______(pass0 the stick on to the second runner.
40. Sorry , I kept you ________(wait) so long.
41. The boy is always made ________(wash ) his face in the morning.
42. What _______(be) the population in the world by the end of this century?
43. Mr Brown has stopped smoking since he ________(operate ) on ?
44. Tom said he ______(be) a teacher when he grew up.
45. His jacket _______(wear ) out . He wants to buy a new one .
46. The woman _______(seem)always angry.
47. Will you go to see the film? Thanks, but _________(see) it ?
48. Miss Li ________(be ) Washington for one and a half years.
49. When will you finish ______the book ?(write )
50. I ______(leave ) my pen in the bedroom . I have to write with a pencil.
51. Stop talking . The headmaster _________(come).
52. The book can ________(keep) for two weeks.
53. After supper she went on _________(do) her homework.
54. It was a cold night . An old man _______(lie) under a chair in the park.
55. Doctors _________(need ) in every part of the world.
56. She ______(say ) she works in an office.
57. His father ________(die ) for two months .
58. By the end of this month , Bill ________(catch) up with Bruce.
59. Why _______you always ______(follow) me?
60. The girl _______(hurry ) off just now .
61. How much ________you _______(spend) on the next travel ?
62. Mr Brown _______(come) in ten minutes
63. All the children ________(take ) good care of in the school.
64. I ________(go ) with you if you agree with me .
65. What _______(happen ) at the corner of the street now?
66. The young man was very lazy , so he ________(send ) away .
67. The woman ________(not hear ) from her husband since last April .
68. The boy  was sad because his team _______(beat ).
69. Two of the players _____ (hurt ) while playing football.
70. Please go and see a film with me when you ______ (finish)
71. How soon _____ you ______ (go ) again to Chengdu?
72. Could you tell me what _______ (grow ) in the South ?
73. His little sister ______ still _____ (sleep ) when he ______ (get ) up yesterday.
74. I`ll pass the message on to Luny as soon as I ________ (see ) her next week .
75. Mum _______ (have ) supper at six every evening.
76. What ______ this _____ (call ) in English ?
77. Do you feel like ______ (walk ) to the corner with me ?
78. Each of the pupils _______ an hour to finish the paper yesterday.( give )
79. Your uncle _____ under the tree , isn`t he ? (lie )
80. He asked me if it _______ (rain ) the next morning.
81. You`d better _______ (go )to see a doctor.
82. We ______ (learn ) over ten English songs by the end of last term.
83. The team ______ (choose ) yesterday afternoon.
84. He doesn`t let us ________(draw ) on the wall .
85. I like _______ (read ) in bed .
86. It ______ (get ) late , I must go home .
87. Neither of us _______ ( have ) much time .
88. It gets too hot for _______ ( climb)
89. His mother ______ (be ) a nurse for nearly ten years .
90. Be quite !  The baby ______ ( sleep ).
91. A new bridge _______ ( build ) in the park last year .
92. Lucy ______ ( do)her home work . You`d better _____ (turn )off the TV set .
93. I _____ (see ) him yesterday .
94. Her sister ______ (learn ) to draw since she was four .
95. A woman _______ ( see )go into the boy`s room .
96. I _______ (call ) you as soon as I get to Beijing.
97. I don`t know when she ______ ( return ) ,but when she _____ ( return ).
98. If there ______ (be ) no water ,there _____ (be ) no living things on the earth .
99. I ______ ( receive ) a letter yesterday . It ( write ) by my brother .He _______ (stay ) in Hainan. He _____ ( be ) there for nearly a year . In his letter , he _____ (say ) he _____ (return ) to Xuzhou the next month . If he _________ (come ) back ,he ______ (leave ) . And a new theatre _____ (build ) near our home . It _____ (finish ) in two weeks.
100. My friend Li _______ (get ) a watch . He _______ (have ) it for two years .  It _____(make ) in a town . He _______ (buy ) it in a street market and  ______ (wear) it to school almost every day . But he ________ (like ) it  . It _______ (have ) often ______ (break ) down . He would like a better one . Next time he ______ (buy ) one from a shop .

賓語(yǔ)從句：賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)。由下列詞引導(dǎo)，
1. 由 that 引導(dǎo)（ that在口語(yǔ)中可省略）
He said ( that) he would like to see the headmaster.
She said (that ) she would leave a message on his desk.
He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese.
2. 接連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo).(what .who .which . whose  /where, when ,how ……).
Do you know what time the train leaves?
Can you tell me which class you are in ?
I wanted to know where we should show our tickets .
3.  whether 或if 引導(dǎo)
Lily wanted to know if it would rain the next day.
She asked if they would go to the park this Sunday.
*在選擇疑問句中，或與or not 連用時(shí)，必須用whether而不能用if。
   變賓語(yǔ)從句需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
a． 時(shí)態(tài)變化： 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)
                  主句是過去時(shí)，從句必須是過去時(shí)態(tài)的一種
                  主句是將來時(shí)，從句必須是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
   B．人稱變化：不常用 如：He asked me.“Are you a teacher？”
                           He asked me if I was a teacher。
   C．語(yǔ)序變化：Where is Mike ？ Do you know？
                Do you know where Mike is ？
Practise ：
1． He said .The boy is a clever boy .
2． He is sure . His team can beat them
3． He was afraid . It will be windy tomorrow.
4． He said . The lost book was founded .
5． He hopes  …. He will be able to pass the exam.
6． He asked ….. When  will  the bus arrive？
7． Mother asked her son …. Whose pen are you using?
8． The children said…..  we enjoy  ourselves very much .
9． The boy asked me ….. Have you heard any noise from outside ?
10. Do you know …. Which way must we take to ?
11. I don’t know ….. Why is he late for the meeting?
12. Do you remember …When did he die?
13. Nobody knows … When will he come back?
14. Do you know … What are they looking for?
15. He asked me … How long does it take to walk to school?
16. Father asked me … What is wrong with you ?
17. I didn’t know …He is going to have a boy .
18. They never asked … Will it be a boy or a girl ?
19. He didn’t know … population is a big problem.
20. I thought … He will come back soon.
21. He asked me …Which TV programme will you watch ?
22. I don’t know …Will it grow fast?
23. Lily asked … Can the man help them
24. Mother asked   Do they have a cheaper one?
25. She asked Lucy … Do you need some more tea ?
26. The teacher asked us … Do you have any questions ?
27. He asked …  What did Lucy say ?
28. She didn’t know…  Who was in the room ?
29. They wanted know … What is in the stockings?
30. He asked…   What is his present?
31. He asked … Did Jim have a good journey home?
32. He wanted to know … Was it warm in Moscow ?
33. He asked …Where is Jack?
34. He wanted to know … What has happened?
35. He asked … Is anybody hurt ?
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：常用下列詞語(yǔ) when 、after、 before 、as soon as 、(not )until 、since
關(guān)于主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系與賓語(yǔ)從句一致
1. I was doing my homework when he came in.
2. I will write to you as soon as I get there .
3. I will finish the cooking before my mother comes back.
4. I didn`t go to bed until my mother returned home
條件狀語(yǔ)從句： 1.We won`t go to the park if it rains tomorrow.
2.If you have lost the book  , you must pay for it .
原因狀語(yǔ)從句：常用下列詞語(yǔ)  because , for , as , so
1. I am late because I missed the train.
2. He was lazy so he didn`t pass the exam.
綜合練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空
1. You can not go to the classroom _____ they are having a lesson.
2. ______ they arrived at the theatre, the play had already begun.
3. Tom speaks English ____ well ____ an Englishman .
4. _______ I was walking in the park , I met Tom
5. _______ I had done my homework , I went home.
6. ______ she got home ,she began to wash her clothes.
7. Tom`s mother had been a teacher _____ she was twenty.
8. I waited ______ he had finished his work .
9. You will study _______ you study hard .
10. ______ he has time ,he will come and see us in Changchun.
11. I don`t like winter there ____ it is very cold .