峰回路轉(zhuǎn) 柳暗花明――高考英語迷惑題目精粹(共869題，均附詳解)

基礎(chǔ)題，人人會做，顯不出優(yōu)勢；高難題，人人不會做，拉不開距離；陷阱題，表面看起來很容易，所需知識也不一定很難，但其中隱含機(jī)關(guān)，預(yù)設(shè)陷阱，盡管你完全具備做好此類題的知識和能力，但由于你理解角度不對、分析思路不活、做題方法不當(dāng)、使用技法不巧等，可能自認(rèn)為撿了個(gè)大便宜，而實(shí)際上卻剛好掉入了命題人為你精心準(zhǔn)備的陷阱。不信你就看看下面幾道題：

1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.

A. that                                                     B. what

C. that that                                               D. what what

仔細(xì)想想看，選A還是選B？請給出你的決定――未作決定之前請不要往后看！你的分析可能是這樣的：

選項(xiàng)C和D 不太可能是正確答案，因?yàn)橄襁@樣兩個(gè)“引導(dǎo)詞”疊用的情況一般不可能。在A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選項(xiàng)A肯定不行，因?yàn)樗�引�?dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)不能充當(dāng)句子成分，所以只能選B了。

事實(shí)是：如果你選A，肯定錯(cuò)了；如果你選B，那也錯(cuò)了。此題最佳答案是 D，其中第一個(gè)what 用作動詞 meant 的賓語，第二個(gè)what 用作動詞 said 的賓語，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語從句，而在此賓語從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個(gè)主語從句。假若去掉句末的meant，則答案就是B了。

分析有道理嗎？有點(diǎn)啟發(fā)嗎？你可要客觀地評價(jià)噢！請?jiān)倏匆活}：

2. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.

A. it, it                                                     B. what, what

C. it, what                                                D. what, it

這次可要想好！請拿定主意，選C還是選D？未作決定之前請不要往后看！你的分析可能是這樣的：

此題既不選C，也不選D，而是選A。因?yàn)閮商幍目崭窬�填形式主語it。

事實(shí)上，你又錯(cuò)了。此題的最佳答案是C：第一空填形式主語，真正的主語是其后的不定式 to play with fire；而第二空應(yīng)填 what，what is difficult 是主語從句，注意 what is difficult 后的謂語動詞 is。有點(diǎn)收獲吧，再請做做以下類似試題：

(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.

A. it, it                                                     B. what, what

C. it, what                                                D. what, it

(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.

A. it, it                                                     B. what, what

C. it, what                                                D. what, it

答案選什么，估計(jì)你不會選錯(cuò)了，你若還不放心，請往本書后面有關(guān)去找找，那里有明確的答案。對此有興趣嗎？那就再看一題吧！

3. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.

A. you’re convenient        B. it is convenient for you

C. you feel convenient       D. it is convenient with you

先仔細(xì)想好，看選項(xiàng)A和C哪個(gè)更佳，當(dāng)然也可能A和C都不對，答案在B、D當(dāng)中。不過，主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C，因?yàn)槟憧赡軐�漢語中的“如果你方便的話”直譯為 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient了。

其實(shí)最佳答案是B，因?yàn)橛⒄Z中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主語通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的話”，英語通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介詞可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。順便說一句，偶爾也可見到用人或物作 be convenient的主語，但此時(shí)的句子必須具備這樣的特點(diǎn)：句子主語是其后不定式的邏輯賓語，如：

Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去見瑪麗較為方便。

The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 這家具搬起來很方便。

怎么樣，再看最后一題：

4. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A. that                                                     B. which

C. where                                                  D. what

此題該選哪個(gè)答案？你可能毫不猶豫地選了B，是嗎？你的想法很可能是：around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語。

對不起，還是錯(cuò)了。最佳答案應(yīng)是C。你的分析并不算太錯(cuò)，但問題是，照你的分析，此句的意思便是：有沒有這樣一家醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？

類似的例子我們就不再羅列了，您若對此有興趣，您若覺得您在這方面還比較薄弱，您若覺得這些知識對您還有必要，請繼續(xù)往下讀，后面的內(nèi)容會更豐富、更精彩。當(dāng)然，您若對此沒有興趣，或者您已是這方面的高手，建議您最好別看了，耽誤了您不少時(shí)間，實(shí)在抱歉！

冠詞考點(diǎn)

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帥哥’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.”

A. the, the                                                B. the, 不填

C. 不填, the                                             D. 不填, 不填

【陷阱】容易誤選D，因?yàn)楸硎菊Z言的名詞前通常不用冠詞。

【分析】最佳答案為A。在英語中，表示語言的名詞前通常不用冠詞，但在某些特殊情況下可用冠詞。如：

(1) 當(dāng)語言名詞表特指意義，其前可用定冠詞。如：

The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美國和加拿大講的英語與英國講的英語有點(diǎn)不同。

(2) 當(dāng)語言名詞表示某一語言中的對應(yīng)詞時(shí)，其前要用定冠詞。如：

What’s the English for this? 這個(gè)東西用英語怎么說?

(3) 當(dāng)在語言名詞后加上 language一詞時(shí)，也要用冠詞。如：

There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英語發(fā)展過程中有很多變革。

2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.

A. a, the                                                   B. a, 不填

C. 不填, a                                                D. 不填, 不填

【陷阱】容易誤選D，因?yàn)樾瞧诿�詞前不加冠詞；而 at church 表示在教堂里做禮拜，其中也不用冠詞。

【分析】最佳答案為B。確實(shí)，在通常情況下星期名詞前不用冠詞，但在某些特殊情況下還是可以用冠詞的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠詞；表示“某一個(gè)”或受描繪性定語修飾表示“某種”這樣的意義等，其前可用不定冠詞。如：

He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日來，星期一就走了。

My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。

3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?

A. a, a                                                      B. 不填，不填

C. a, 不填                                                D. 不填，a

【陷阱】誤選A或B，認(rèn)為hair(頭發(fā))和beard(胡須)性質(zhì)和用法應(yīng)該差不多，要么都可數(shù)，要么都不可數(shù)，或者說要么都用不定冠詞，要么都不用。

【分析】最佳答案選D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，用作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，指一根一根的毛發(fā)或頭發(fā)，如說 There’s a hair in my soup (我的湯里有根頭發(fā))；用作不可數(shù)名詞（集合名詞）時(shí)，則是整體地指一個(gè)人的頭發(fā)。比較：

He has gray hairs. 他有幾根白發(fā)了。

He has gray hair. 他滿頭白發(fā)了。

而beard 則通常只用作可數(shù)名詞，且指的是一個(gè)人所有的胡須，而不是指一根胡須，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式，通常是指多個(gè)人的胡須，而不是指多根胡須，如：

He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡須。

Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡須。

4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy.

A. a, a                                                      B. an, an

C. a, an                                                    D. an, a

【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾均有可能誤選。

【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因?yàn)? one-act 的讀音是[]，它的第一個(gè)音是輔音不是元音；第二空填an，是因?yàn)? 11的英文是 eleven[]，它的第一個(gè)音是元音不是輔音。類似以下各題的答案是 C 不是其他：

(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.

A. a, a                                                      B. an, an

C. a, an                                                    D. an, a

(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.

A. a, an                                                    B. an, a

C. a, a                                                      D. an, an

5. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”

A. a, the                                                   B. the, the

C. a, a                                                      D. the, a

【陷阱】誤選A，生搬硬套冠詞用法規(guī)則：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠詞，第二次再提到該人或該事物時(shí)用定冠詞。

【分析】最佳答案為C。第一空填a，比較好理解；而第二空填a是因?yàn)榇司渲械膐ne 并非指前面提到的 pen，即這里的 one 與前面的 pen 并非同一事物，這從后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。請比較下面一題：

“Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”

A. a, the                                                   B. the, the

C. a, a                                                      D. the, a

此題的最佳答案是 A不是C。請注意其后 I found it in the corner這一信息，它表明說明者是拿著筆在與對方說話。請?jiān)倏匆粋�(gè)類似的例子：

“Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”

A. a; a                                                      B. a; the

C. the; the                                                D. the; a

此題答案選A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行車已不在說話者身旁。

6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.

A. a, a                                                      B. a, the

C. the, a                                                   D. the, the

【陷阱】很容易誤選B，認(rèn)為第一次提到 girl 用不定冠詞，第二次提到就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。

【分析】最佳答案為A。句中第二次提到 girl 時(shí)并不是特指的，此句實(shí)為一省略句，補(bǔ)充完整為 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 請?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案選A)：

(1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.

A. a, a                                                      B. a, the

C. the, a                                                   D. the, the

(2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.

A. a, a                                                      B. a, the

C. the, a                                                   D. the, the

◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.

A. the, the                                                B. 不填，不填

C. the, 不填                                             D. 不填，the

2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.

A. a, the                                                   B. a, 不填

C. 不填, the                                             D. 不填，不填

3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.

A. a, a                                                      B. a, the

C. 不填，不填                                         D. a, 不填

4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.

A. on the Sunday                                      B. on a Sunday

C. on Sunday                                            D. at a Sunday

5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.

A. the, the                                                B. the, a

C. the, 不填                                             D. a, the

6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.

A. the, a                                                   B. the, 不填

C. a, 不填                                                D. 不填, the

7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.

A. the, 不填                                             B. a, 不填

C. 不填, 不填                                         D. the, the

8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.

A. the, 不填                                             B.不填，不填      

C. the, a                                                   D. an, the

9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.

A. one a                                                   B. the one       C. one     D. a one

10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.

A. 不填, 不填                                         B. the, a

C. 不填, the                                             D. the, 不填

11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.

A. 不填；the                                           B. 不填；a

C. the；不填                                            D. the; a

12. ―John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.

―Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.

A. the; 不填                                             B. 不填; the

C. the; the                                                D. a; a

13. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”

A. a; the                                                   B. the; a

C. a; a                                                      D. the; the

14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.

A. 不填, 不填                                         B. the, 不填

C. the, the                                                D. 不填, the

15. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”

A. an; the                                                 B. a; the

C. the; a                                                   D. an; a

16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.

A. the; 不填                                             B.不填; 不填

C. the; the                                                D.不填；the

17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.

A. the, an                                                 B. a, 不填

C. the, the                                                D. 不填, the

18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.

A. the, the                                                B. a, the

C. the, a                                                   D. a, a

19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.

A. 不填, 不填                                         B. The, an

C. The, 不填                                            D. 不填, an

20. ― Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?

― Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.

A. a; 不填                                               B. the; 不填

C. the; the                                                D. a; the

【答案與解析】

1. 選D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠詞；country 表示“農(nóng)村”時(shí)，其前習(xí)慣上要用定冠詞。

2. 選B，success 在此指“成功的事”，為可數(shù)名詞；out of danger（脫離危險(xiǎn)）為習(xí)語，其中不用冠詞。

3. 選A，其中的 failure 在此指“失敗的人”，為可數(shù)名詞。

4. 選B，Sunday 前用不定冠詞，表示“某一個(gè)”。

5. 選C，kind of 后的名詞通常不用冠詞。

6. 選B，當(dāng)概括事物的種類時(shí)，用定冠詞，不用不定冠詞；另外in danger of 是短語，不用冠詞。

7. 選 A。on the phone 和 at work 均為習(xí)語，其中一個(gè)帶冠詞，一個(gè)不帶冠詞。

8. 選 B。unemployment 和 work 均為不可數(shù)名詞，表示一般意義時(shí)其前不用冠詞。

9. 選 D。a one bedroom apartment 意為“一套只帶一間臥室的套房”。

10. 選B。the young 意為“年輕人”，定冠詞用于某些形容詞前表示一類人或事物；第二空填不定冠詞修飾名詞 topic。

11. 選 A。over [on] the telephone 為習(xí)語，意為“通過電話”；若用 by telephone 則不用冠詞，類似地，by letter（通過信件）也不用冠詞。

12. 選D。第一空后的most不是構(gòu)成最高級，而是表示“很”、“十分”，故其前用a；第二空也填a，該句為 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。

13. 選B。第一空填the，表特指；第二空填a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意為“與湖南師大附中一樣好的一所中學(xué)”。

14. 選A。used computers 與 years 均為復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指意思，其前不用冠詞。

15. 選D。NBA中的 N 讀音為 []，即前面一個(gè)音為元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一場比賽。

16. 選A。介詞by表示“以…計(jì)”時(shí)，若后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前要用定冠詞，如：by the week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按噸 / by the yard 按碼 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名詞，則通常不用冠詞，如：by volume 按體積 / by weight 按重量。

17. 選B。knowledge 雖為不可數(shù)名詞，但其前卻可用不定冠詞，表示某種程度的知識，有類似some的意思；第二空不填冠詞，是因?yàn)閠rade 為不可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指時(shí)不用冠詞。

18. 選B。序數(shù)詞前通常用定冠詞，表示特指（如第一空）；有時(shí)也用不定冠詞，表示原有數(shù)量上的增加（如第一空）。

19. 選B。原則上說，專有名詞前不用冠詞，但在些特殊情況下也可用冠詞。此題第一空填定冠詞，表特指，即指“那時(shí)的英國”；第二空填不定冠詞，表示具有某種特征。

20. 選C。Are they missing? 中的代詞they 是一個(gè)很重要的信息詞，它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是兩只貓而不是一只貓，所以C。the black and white cat 可視為 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若選A，則表示“一只黑白相間的貓”。

名詞考點(diǎn)

◆典型陷阱題分析◆

1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.

A. a, tear                                                  B. a piece of, tears

C. a, tears                                                 D. a piece of, tear

【陷阱】誤選D，許多學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為，既然news(消息)和 paper(紙)均為不可數(shù)名詞，那么newspaper(報(bào)紙)也應(yīng)是不可數(shù)的；同時(shí)認(rèn)為“眼淚”即“淚水”，“水”不可數(shù)，“淚水”和“眼淚”也應(yīng)該不可數(shù)。

【分析】最佳答案為C。newspaper和 tear均為可數(shù)名詞，它們不僅可以連用不定冠詞、可以用復(fù)數(shù)，而且還可以連用數(shù)詞。

Her eyes filled with tears. 她熱淚盈眶。

She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼淚。

The newspapers were full of lies. 報(bào)紙上一片謊言。

A newspaper is a publication. 報(bào)紙是一種出版物。

順便說一句，若不是將 newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西，而只是把它當(dāng)成一種“紙”來看待，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：

Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用張報(bào)紙包起來。

2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.

A. cooker, typewriter                                 B. cook, typist

C. cooker, typist                                        D. cook, typewriter

【陷阱】誤選A，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為：cook 用作動詞，表示“煮飯”，所以 cooker 應(yīng)是其相應(yīng)的名詞，表示“煮飯的人”，即“廚師”；type 用作動詞，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 應(yīng)表示“打字員”。

【分析】而事實(shí)是：cook=廚師，cooker=炊具；typist=打字員，typewriter=打字機(jī)。即此題正確答案為B。

3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

【陷阱】B、C、D三項(xiàng)均容易誤選。

【分析】對于此題，首先要明確traffic為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除B和D。另外，漢語習(xí)慣說“交通擁擠”，而英語習(xí)慣上卻不能用crowded 來修飾 traffic，要表示漢語的“交通擁擠”，英語通常說heavy traffic，即選A。如下面一題也是選A：

She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.

A. heavy traffic                                         　    B. heavy traffics

C. crowded traffic                                     D. crowded traffics

4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.

A. cattle is                                                B. cattle are

C. cattles are                                             D. the cattles are

【陷阱】此題容易誤選A，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為cattle是單數(shù)，并且空格有表單數(shù)的one，自然謂語動詞用is。

【陷阱】其實(shí)，正確答案為B。cattle(牲畜，牛)為集合名詞，盡管它不帶復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，卻永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，若用作主語，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。又如：

For this many cattle were killed. 為此宰了不少牲畜。

The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一樣被趕到一起。

類似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同樣用法，即只有單數(shù)形式，但卻表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；用作主語時(shí)謂語通常也用復(fù)數(shù)；不與 a(n) 連用，但可與the連用(表示總括意義和特指)。如：

The poultry have been fed. 家禽已經(jīng)喂過飼料了。

In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英國警察通常不帶槍。

It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘記道謝的時(shí)候，我就不痛快。

5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.

A. mean, mean                                          B. means, means   

C. means, mean                                         D. mean, means

【陷阱】誤選C，認(rèn)為第一空前有all修飾，故用means，而第二空前有every修飾，故用mean。

【分析】其實(shí)，means是一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，并且永遠(yuǎn)帶有尾-s。換句話說，在表示“方式”、“方法”時(shí)，不存在mean這一形式(mean主要用作動詞，表示“意思是”；也可用作名詞，表示“中間”、“中庸”)。此題正確答案為C，by all means為習(xí)語，意為“一定”、“盡一切辦法”。順便說一句，means用作主語時(shí)，其謂語的數(shù)需根據(jù)句意來確定。比較：

All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。

Every possible means has been tried. 每種可能的辦法都已經(jīng)試過了。

若句意不能明確地表明主語的單復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語則用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可。如：

Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 還有其他什么辦法可弄到更多錢嗎?

6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.

A. so kind a, friends                                  B. so a kind, friends

C. so kind a, friend                                    D. so a kind, friend

【陷阱】誤選C或D。認(rèn)為 friend要用單數(shù)。

【分析】其實(shí)此題最佳答案為A。so kind a person相當(dāng)于such a kind person，注意兩者中冠詞的位置不同。be friends with是習(xí)語，意為“與……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，與之同義的類似地還有make friends with。值得說明的是，這類短語中的名詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)，即使句子主語為單數(shù)也是如此。如：

He is friends with me. 他與我是朋友。

He has made friends with everyone here. 他與這兒的每個(gè)人交上了朋友。

7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.

A. dozen of, dozen                                    B. dozens of, dozens

C. dozens of, dozen                                   D. dozens of, dozen of

【陷阱】誤選 B。

【分析】此題最佳答案為C。關(guān)于dozen的復(fù)數(shù)是否加詞尾-s的問題比較復(fù)雜，大致原則是：

(1) 當(dāng)它與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí)，既不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，也不后接介詞of。盡管有的詞書也有 two dozen of 這樣的用例，但這已屬過時(shí)用法，在考試中應(yīng)避免，如1992年全國高考有一道單項(xiàng)選擇題就認(rèn)為two dozen of為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)：

Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

A. dozens of                                             B. dozens       C. dozen of     D. dozen [D]

(2) 當(dāng)它不與具體數(shù)字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí)，則不僅要加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，而且要后接介詞 of，此時(shí)可將dozens of(許多，幾十)視為習(xí)語。如：

I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去過那兒幾十次。

She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。

下面一例中的dozens加了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s也屬為似情況：

Pack them in dozens. 按打裝袋吧。

(3) 當(dāng)與 a few, several 等數(shù)目不很具體的詞連用時(shí)，加不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s均可，但需注意：不加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s時(shí)，其后的介詞of可以省略；加詞尾-s時(shí)，其后介詞 of不能省略。如：

several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆

注：英語較少使用many dozen的說法，要表示類似意思可用dozens of。

(4) 當(dāng)它后面的名詞受 the, these, those 等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us, them這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。如：

two dozen of these eggs 兩打這種雞蛋

three dozen of them 它們中的3打

注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上類似用法。

8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.

A. an idea                                                 B. a mark

C. a sign                                                   D. a word

【陷阱】容易誤選B。

【分析】應(yīng)選C，sign與mark的區(qū)別是：sign 的意思是“跡象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或頭等做出示意動作以傳遞信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(書寫與印刷的符號或圖、線等記號)。根據(jù)此二詞的語義區(qū)別以及常識可知答案為C。類似地，下面兩題的答案也是C：

(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.

A. thing                                                   B. mark

C. sign                                                     D. one

(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.

A. mark                                                   B. track

C. sign                                                     D. appearance

但是，下面一題卻不能選sign，也不能選mark，而選symbol(象征)：

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.

A. example                                               B. sign

C. mark                                                    D. symbol

順便說一句，在近幾年的高考中像這類結(jié)合詞義區(qū)別以及語境和生活常識進(jìn)行考查的試題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，同學(xué)們需引起注意。

9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”

A. coffee, cups of teas                               B. coffees, teas

C. cups of coffee, tea                                 D. cup of coffees, teas

【陷阱】誤選C，認(rèn)為coffee和tea均為不可數(shù)名詞，不能后加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s，從而排除選項(xiàng)A、B、D。

【分析】選B。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 coffee 和tea是物質(zhì)名詞，不可數(shù)，不能用 three coffees, two teas 這樣的表達(dá)。其實(shí)，coffee既可用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“咖啡”這種物質(zhì)，也可用作可數(shù)名詞，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口語中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同樣，“三杯茶”既可說成 three cups of tea，也可說成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可說成 three glasses of beer，也可說成 three beers。

10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. Walk                                                   B. Walking

C. The walk                                              D. To walk

【陷阱】容易誤選A或D。

【分析】最佳答案為B。分析如下：

(1) 首先，選項(xiàng)D不如選項(xiàng)B佳，因?yàn)�，不定式通常表示特定的動作，而動名詞才表示習(xí)慣性的動作。

(2) 盡管walk用作名詞時(shí)可以表示“散步”，但它是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的散步，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“散步”，要表示此義，要用動名詞 walking。比較：

How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?

Walking does good to your health. 散步對你的健康有益。

類似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的區(qū)別也是一樣：

(1) 名詞的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的跳舞，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用動名詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的名詞 dancing。比較：

Let’s have a dance. 我們跳曲舞吧。

He is interested in dancing. 他對跳舞感興趣。

(2) 名詞的 swim表示“游泳”，是可數(shù)名詞，指的是一次一次的具體的游泳，而不表示抽象意義或泛指意義的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用動名詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的名詞 swimming。比較：

She had a swim every day. 她每天游一會兒泳。

She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。

◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆

1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.

A. a few white hairs                                  B. a little white hair

C. some white hair                                    D. more fifty hair

2.―Hi, this way, please.

―OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad.

A. position                                               B. direction

C. situation                                               D. condition

3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________. 

A. intention                                              B. attempt

C. purpose                                                D. desire

4. I didn’t have to work all weekend ― I did it by _______.

A. chance                                                 B. choice

C. accident                                               D. myself

5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.”

A. an answer                                             B. an invitation

C. a question                                             D. a letter

6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500.

A. price                                                    B. money

C. value                                                   D. importance

7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it.

A. explanation                                          B. meaning

C. sense                                                    D. guess

8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round.

A. chance                                                 B. turn

C. time                                                     D. part

9. ―Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.

―It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.

A. question                                               B. doubt

C. problem                                               D. wonder

10. ―How can I use this washing machine?

―Well, just refer to the _______.

A. explanations                                         B. expressions