A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Foods can go bad if they get too warm. But for many of the world’s poor, finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult. Refrigerators are costly and they need electricity.
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸發(fā)) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
小題1:Which is the best title of the passage?
A．A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage
B． A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling
C． Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses
D． The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature
小題2:What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A．the structure of the invention
B．the usage of the invention
C．the cost of the invention
D．the inspiration of the invention
小題3:What is it that essentially keeps the food in the container from spoiling?
A．the wet cloth covering the cooling system.
B．the moving drier air outside the container
C．the wet sand between the containers
D．a(chǎn) drop in temperature by evaporation
小題4:According to the passage, where can we possibly see the invention?
A．rich and advanced families
B．scientific experiment laboratory
C．poor and underdeveloped area
D．supermarket needing to store goods
小題5:We can know from the passage that Mohammed Bah Abba ____________.
A．invented the controversial cooling system
B．financed the systems in all communities
C．received financial assistance for his invention
D．invented more complicated cooling system later

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:C
小題5:C

試題分析：文章介紹了穆罕默德巴林神父發(fā)明的“罐內(nèi)冷卻系統(tǒng)”的儲藏食物的方法。他利用兩個套在一起的罐子中間的濕沙子蒸發(fā)水分降溫的原理來保存食物。這一發(fā)明還獲得了瑞士的勞力士公司授予他的“勞力士雄才偉略大獎”。
小題1:主旨題，通過閱讀全文可知本文介紹了一種降溫方法來防止食物腐壞。故選B。
小題2:推理題，閱讀第三段可知介紹了這種發(fā)明的組成和原理。故選A。
小題3:推理題。根據(jù)第五段中“The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees.”蒸發(fā)的過程會產(chǎn)生幾度的溫度下降，根據(jù)常理可知降低了溫度會使食物保鮮。故選D。
小題4:推理題，閱讀文章可知這個發(fā)明最初是在尼日利亞北部的人們使用，后整個尼日利亞人們都是用，再后來還在其他非洲國家的農(nóng)民中流行起來，由此可知是在不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)和窮人中運(yùn)用。故選C。
小題5:推理題，根據(jù)文章最后一句“ Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.”獲獎?wù)邥@得財務(wù)援助以幫助開發(fā)和擴(kuò)大他們的項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)文章可知穆罕默德巴林神父也獲得這個獎項(xiàng)，因此可知穆罕默德巴林神父獲得對他的發(fā)明的財務(wù)支持。故選C。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientific experiments can sometimes go wrong and when they do the results may range from the disastrous to the troubling. One such experiment took place in South America about fifty years ago. Whether its final consequences will cause serious damage or nothing more than a small trouble still remains to be seen.
The story began in 1956 when an American scientist working in Brazil decided to solve the problem of increasing the productivity of that country’s bees. He imported a very active type of African bee from Tanzania and mated (交配)it with the more easy-going native variety to produce a new kind of bees. The new bees worked harder and produced twice as much honey. It seemed that Professor Kerr, for that was the scientist's name, had a total success on his hands.
Then things began to go wrong. For some reason as yet unseen, but perhaps as a result of something in their environment, the new bees began to develop extremely attacking personalities. They became bad-tempered and easy to be angry, attacked the native bees and drove them from their living places.
But worse was to follow. Having taken over the countryside, the new bees, with their dangerous stings (叮) , began to attack its neighbors -- cats, dogs, horses, chickens and finally man himself. A long period of terror began that has so far killed a great number of animals and about 150 human beings.
This would have been bad enough if the bees had stayed in Brazil. But now they are on the move, heading northwards in countless millions towards Central and North America, and moving at the alarming speed of 200 miles a year. The countries that lie in their path are naturally worried because it looks as if nothing can be done to stop them.
小題1: The results of the South American experiment         .
A．a(chǎn)re not yet certainB．have proved to be wrong
C．have caused a serious troubleD．a(chǎn)re not important
小題2: The experiment mentioned in this passage was designed to             .
A．make African bees less active
B．make Brazilian bees more easy-going
C．increase the number of bees in Brazil
D．increase the amount of honey in Brazil
小題3: Which of the following may be the cause of the new bees' attacking personalities?
A．Their production of honey.B．Their living environment.
C．Their hard work.D．Their bad temper.
小題4: The last paragraph implies that            .
A．the bees have been driven to Central and North America
B．the bees must be stopped from moving north
C．the bees may bring about trouble in more countries
D．the bees prefer to live in Brazil

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure．The generation (age) born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores (marks) and performance (show) were played down because “everyone's winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here's how they work:
　　A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic – you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person．The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame．When things get difficult, it's quick to blame (liability), lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
　 On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible．Because the ego (自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again．In fact, it enjoys this experience.
　　We are all born with growth mind-sets．(Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．Dweck's book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth．But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
小題1:What does the author think about the present generation?
A．They don't do well at school.
B．They are often misunderstood.
C．They are eager to win in sports
D．They are given too much praise.
小題2:A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .
A．doesn't want to work hard
B．cares a lot about personal safety
C．cannot share his ideas with others
D．can succeed with the help of teachers
小題3:What does the growth mind-set believe?
A．Admitting failure is shameful.
B．Talent comes with one's birth.
C．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
D．Scores should be highly valued.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In films, dads change from cruel men to loving souls. Here is a list of good and bad movies dads .Atticus Finch in To kill a Mockingbird（殺死一只知更鳥）
GOOD DAD:A man whose wife has died with a young family and a busy job as a lawyer, Gregory Peck's character in the  1962 film is one of the great heroes of American cinema  Firm but fair he teaches his children respect and human decency（正派)．Harper Lee's novel gets a respectable transposition（轉(zhuǎn)變)to film, thanks to Gregory Peck's perfect performance.
Jack Torrance in The Shining
BAD DAD: When Jack Torrance ,his wife ,Wendy ,and son, Danny ,escaped from the cold winter to  the Overlook Hotel  we know that Jack has hardly been a model father But when Jack becomes extremely angry and tries to murder his family with an axe, Danny used his intelligence to defeat him and left him to  freeze to death．
George Bailey in It's a Wonderful life
GOOD DAD: James Stewart's character is a father-of-four who is saved from the edge of suicide (自殺)and realizes his positive effect on others lives．Much of the film is unpleasant, with George shouting at his children as he faces financial problems.  But finally the lovable father realizes the worth of his own life, the value of friendship and the importance of being a loving dad
Darth Vader in The Empire Strikes Back（帝國大廈）
BAD DAD: When the unfriendly cyborg（半機(jī)器人）told Luke Skywalker that he was his father ,the son's reaction says it all: "No! No!" It's hardly a joyful welcome to the family.  For most of his son's life, Darth Vader has been an absent dad—and he has just cut off Luke's hand You can understand why Father's Day cards might not be available.
小題1:Who is Harper Lee?
A． An actor.B． A novelistC． A movie director.D． A translator.
小題2:According  to the text, ______died of freezing cold
A． Jack TorranceB． WendyC． DannyD． Darth Vader
小題3:Which movie should you watch if you want to see a helpless father change?
A．To kill a MockingbirdB．The Shining
C．It's a Wonderful LiftD．The Empire Strikes Book
小題4:What happened to Luke?
A．He lost his hand in an accident
B．His father changed him into a cyborg.
C．He discovered that he had a cruel father:
D．His father lived with him for most of his life.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What if I took that big jump on my bike?What’s the worst thing that could happen if I go out at midnight?Should try smoking?The teen years can play out like a choose-your-own-adventure novel.
Teenagers must act on an endless parade of choices.Some choices.including smoking.Come with serious consequences.As a result, adolescents often find themselves trapped between their impulsive tendencies（-Just try it!)and their newfound ability to make well-informed and logical choices（-Wait, maybe that’s not such a good idea!）.
So what makes the teenager’s brain so complex? What drives adolescents-more than any other age group-to sometimes make rash or questionable decisions?
If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something. Experts Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development.The process helps prepare teenagers to confront the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience-yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period.Nor is it unique to people:Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development.
For example，laboratory experiments show that young mice stay close by their mothers for safety. As mice grow．their behavior does too．“When they reach puberty，they’re like，‘I’m gonna start checking out how this environment looks without my mom，…explains Beatriz Luna,of the University of Pittsburgh．
As a developmental cognitive neuroscientist，Luna studies those changes that occur in the brain as children develop into adults．She and other researchers are showing how the teen experience can lead to powerful advantages later in life．Take mice again：Young mice that explore most tend to live longest——that is，unless a cat eats them，Luna adds．
小題1:What is the best title for the text?
A．Teenagers make endless choices
B．The teenage brain drives them to be different
C．How the teenage brain develops
D．Researches about the teenagers
小題2:What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．It means “you are wrong”.
B．It means“you lose your way”．
C．It means“you get the point”．
D．It means“you are off the point”.
小題3:According to the text,the teenager who explores most wiIl
A．make no mistakes in his life．
B．have advantages over others.
C．loSe his confidence even his life.
D．experience no failure and live Iongest.
小題4:What does the writer want to tell us by taking mice for example？
A．young mice try to look for safety.
B．Young mice like to stay with their mothers.
C．Mice also experience a period to explore the world.
D．Mice experience different stages.
小題5:What may the text discuss in the next part?
A．How call a teenager make right choices
B．Why the parents shouldn’t allow teenagers to smoke
C．What has been discovered in the lab experiment．
D．What really goes on in the teenage brain.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Life on Mars could become a reality and it could happen in your lifetime.
A welcoming planet
Scientists say Earth’s neighbor Mars, a bright red planet about half Earth’s size, is the most likely to support human life. Mars even has frozen water on its surface.
Since the late 1990s, NASA has been exploring Mars using remote-controlled vehicles（裝置）. Most recently Curiosity, a car-size vehicle, traveled through space on an unpiloted spacecraft(航天器) and landed on Mars in August 2012. Directed by NASA scientists , the vehicles move on the surface, taking pictures , collecting and analyzing soil, and looking for signs of life.
But what about human explorers? Plans are already in the works to send astronauts to Mars as soon as the mid-2030s.
_____________________________________
But before you start packing your bags, let’s consider the challenges. For starters, Mars is far away. Just getting there could take up to 10 months.
Scientists already know that time away from Earth’s gravity harms the human body. Bones and muscles get weaker. The body produces less blood. What damage would months and months of living in space do?
And then there is the matter of water, oxygen, food and fuel. Scientists will have to find solutions to these problems, or the first humans on Mars won’t survive very long in their new home.
Tiny Dangers
There’s another tinier risk. It’s so tiny that you can’t even see it: germs.
Some scientists believe that our germs could pollute the whole planet of Mars. Potentially killing Martian life before we have the chance to discover it. Worse, there is a small but terrifying chance that any microscopic life already there might be harmful to us .
Worse still, if any of those Martian germs(火星細(xì)菌) were brought back to Earth, the result could be disastrous. Animals, plants, and people could be wiped out.
Worth the $$$?
A more practical concern is the cost. The price could approach $ 1 trillion(萬億). How can we justify spending that much when so many problems—poverty, disease—could use the cash here on Earth?
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the “A welcoming planet” part?
A．Mars is a little bigger than Earth.
B．There are flowing rivers on Mars.
C．People haven’t been to Mars so far.
D．Scientists have discovered signs of life on Mars.
小題2:Which of the following can best fill in the blank in the passage?
A．Living in space.B．Limited resources.
C．Extreme conditions.D．Interesting challenges.
小題3:By “Tiny dangers” the author means ________________.
A．there is no serious danger
B．people won’t be in any danger
C．it’s difficult for people to realize the danger
D．the danger may be caused by very small things
小題4:Which may cause the biggest danger?
A．Martian germs may be different from those on Earth.
B．Martian germs may be brought back to Earth.
C．People may carry germs to Mars.
D．There may be germs on Mars.
小題5:Which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken from?
A．PeopleB．HistoryC．ScienceD．Business

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world．But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism （雙語能力） are even more important than being able to converse with a wider range of people．Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter．It can have a deep effect on your brain, improving skills not related to language and even protecting against a serious mental disorder in old age．
This view of bilingualism is different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century．Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interruption that prevented a child's school work and ability to think and understand things．They were not wrong about the interruption: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual \s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system disturbs the other．But this interruption, researchers are finding out, isn't so much a disturbance．It forces the brain to solve inside conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its thinking muscles．
The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment．"Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often—you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language," says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompea Fabra in Spain．
"It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving．" In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr．Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, showing that they did better in it．
小題1:From the passage we can learn that experts used to believe that ______．
A．interruption forced a bilingual's brain to strengthen its thinking ability
B．a(chǎn) second language stopped children's studying as well as mental development
C．using two languages annoyed the children who have trouble in learning skills
D．language systems were busy in a bilingual's brain when he was using languages
小題2:The underlined word "switch" in Paragraph 3 probably means "______"．
A．changeB．useC．speakD．study
小題3:What is the author's attitude towards bilingualism?
A．Cautious．B．Doubtful．C．Concerned．D．Favourable．
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How Bilinguals Use Languages
B．What Bilingualism Is Really about
C．Why Bilinguals Are More Intelligent
D．When People Learn a Second Language

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

[1] More than 40 million Americans move each year, but not always by choice. Whether you relocate because of a new job or school for you or your spouse, for a lower cost of living, or for better opportunities, adjusting to life in a new place can be scary and difficult--especially when you’re not in love with your new city. Here are some tips on how to make the most of your relocation and find happiness in your new home.
[2] Treat it as an adventure
Living in a new place is a great opportunity to experience new things and to grow as a person. So stay positive, and get out there and explore! Sample the local cuisine. Visit landmarks and museums. Try local activities that weren’t available or popular in your former city, such as skiing if you came from a beach town or surfing if you lived in the mountains. You may discover a talent or interest you never knew you had.
[3] Get involved
Attend local events that interest you. Visit the weekly farmer’s market or the neighborhood yard sale. Volunteer. Take a class. Join a sports league. All of these things will help you meet people and feel connected to your new town.
[4] Locate the necessities
Driving, riding, or walking around your new neighborhood is the best way to learn where everything is. So head out and take note of the nearest supermarket, pharmacy, post office, library, etc.
[5] Keep pieces of your old home
To keep from getting too homesick, subscribe to your former city magazine or newspaper. Display photos of or souvenirs from your favorite places in your old town. Hang decorations from your former home. Just don’t go overboard—hanging on to too much from your past will keep you from moving forward and really enjoying your new home.
[6] _________
It takes time to get to know a new place, so don’t expect to feel comfortable right away. Give yourself time to adjust. To help the process and to meet new people, find a support group near you at Just Moved.org.
小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about? (within 15 words.)
                                                                                  
小題2:What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? (within 7 words)
                                                                                  
小題3:According to the passage, what can you do to learn where everything is?( within 5 words)
                                                                                  
小題4:Fill the blank with proper words. (within 5 words)
                                                                                  
小題5:If you are a new comer, where to find a support group near you based on this passage? (within 3 words)
                                                                               

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone may all have the experience of feeling anxious and stressed when having a rough day or having some troubles. Different people may choose different ways to deal with it, and for most people a break for a 10-minute walk may be quite useful.
Anyway, here is another way around: to get a piece of chewing gum, and chew it. According to a Swinburne University of Technology study, gum-chewing has been found to “relieve anxiety, improve alertness(機(jī)敏性) and reduce stress among individuals in a laboratory setting.”
Some may argue that a laboratory is not the same as an office. But check out the conditions of the study: individuals were monitored while performing “a group of ‘multi-tasking’ activities.” Doesn’t it sound like the situation in the office?
Here’s a summary of some of the study’s findings:
Gum chewers showed a reduction in anxiety as compared to non-gum chewers by nearly 17 percent during mild stress and nearly 10 percent in appropriate stress.
Gum chewers showed improvement in alertness over non-gum chewers by nearly 19 percent during mild stress and 8 percent in moderate stress.
Improved Performance: Chewing gum resulted in a big improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities.
Although these aren’t major improvements, every little bit works and chewing a piece of gum is a lot quicker and easier than slipping outside for a 10-minute walk. So, how does gum work this magic? In part it does so by lowering the level of cortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)—a steroid(類固醇) hormone that is released in response to stress in your system.
A few words of advice before you reach for the gum: don’t crack your gum, and be sure to chew it with your mouth closed. In fact, I’d say keep the gum out of meetings, because it really looks impolite to others around you.
小題1:From the study in the text we know that_________________.
A．gum chewers may lack alertness
B．gum chewers tend to be less stressed
C．gum chewers can finish many jobs perfectly
D．gum chewers can reduce their anxiety and anger easily
小題2:How does gum work to reduce stress according to the text?
A．It works by improving alertness.
B．It works by allowing a 10-minute walk.
C．It works by reducing one’s level of cortisol.
D．It works by being chewed in a laboratory setting.
小題3:Which one may the author probably agree with?
A．People should chew gum with their mouths closed in a meeting.
B．It is impolite to chew gum in a meeting with people around you.
C．People can crack gum freely when meeting friends.
D．People should be careful when chewing gum at home.
小題4:What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How to chew gum.B．How to relieve stress.
C．Why people love chewing gum.D．Chewing gum can relieve stress.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案