4.Feeling blue about world?"Cheer up."Says science writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in,and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature."
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist-tactical.because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic.because that offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book.The Rant anal Opting.He views mankind as grand enterprise that.on the whole.has done little but progress for 100.000years.He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty.our own generation has access to more nutritious food.more convenient transport.bigger houses,better ears.a(chǎn)nd of course,more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we there things to make other things,This more we specialize and exchange,the better off we'll be.
2)Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs-food,clothing,fuel and shelter-have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours'work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15minutes'work to pay for.In 1950it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.
3)Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village,where the use of fassil-fuel(化石燃料) electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world,is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change.If chmaic change proves to be xxxx,but cutting carbon canses realparn,we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet(止血帶) around our necks.
63.What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?D.
A.Weakness of human nature.
B.Concern about climate change.
C.Importance of practical thinking.
D.Optimism about human progress.
64.How does Ridley look at shopping?A.
A.It encourages the creation of things.
B.It results in shortage of goods.
C.It demands more fossil fuels.
D.It causes a poverry problem.
65.The candle and lamp example is used to show thatD.
A.oil lamps give off more light than candles
B.shortening working time brings about a happier life.
C.a(chǎn)dvanced technology helps to produce better candles.
D.increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods.
66.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?B.
A.Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.
B.Overreaction to cliamate change may be dangerous.
C.People's health is closely related to climate change.
D.Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.
分析 本文屬于議論文閱讀,主要向我們講述了Matt Ridley對于我們這個世界的積極的向上的看法,認為我們這個世界有很多好的方面,并且提出了一些自己的觀點.
解答 63.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段Ridley calls himself a rational optimist-rational,because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic,because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book.可知Ridley 自稱是一個理性的樂觀主義者,所謂理性是因為他仔細權(quán)衡證據(jù);所謂樂觀是因為這些證據(jù)表明人類進步是不可避免的,而且也是十分美好的.這就是他在近期的一本書當中以全新的視角向人們證明的主題,故選D.
64.A 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange,the better off we'll be.可知購物刺激發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,刺激消費,促進生產(chǎn),這種情況越多,我們將會越富有.說明他是鼓勵生產(chǎn)的.故A正確.
65.D 推理判斷題.根據(jù)第五段One reason we are richer,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs-food,clothing,fuel and shelter-have grown a lot cheaper.可知我們生活遠比以前富裕,健康,長壽,人也長得高了,也比以前聰明了,其中一個原因是我們?nèi)祟惖乃姆N基本需求--衣,食,住,行比以前便宜了很多.因此以油燈和蠟燭為例進一步闡述,故選D.
66.B 推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段If chmaic change proves to be xxxx,but cutting carbon canses realparn,we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet(止血帶) around our necks.可知如果氣候變化是輕微的,那么降低二氧化碳會引起麻煩,那么我們很可能用止血帶纏繞脖子以此止住鼻血.此處暗指對氣候變化的過度反應存在危險.故選B.
點評 考點:考查議論文點評:本文要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎上,把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵.①要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索,這是推理的前提和基礎;②要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工,由表入里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從非凡到一般,通過分析、綜合、判定等,進行深層處理,符合邏輯地推理.不能就是論事,斷章取義,以偏概全.③要忠實于原文,以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù).立足已知,推斷未知.立足現(xiàn)在,猜測未來.不能主觀臆想,憑空想象,隨意揣測,更不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點;④要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系,了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu).要體會文章的基調(diào),揣摸作者的態(tài)度,摸準邏輯發(fā)展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音.