Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine（可可堿）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神經(jīng)活動), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
小題1:According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
A．cannot be as effective as codeine
B．can be harmful to people’s health
C．cannot be separated from chocolate
D．can be a more effective cure for coughs
小題2:What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?
A．Theobromine. B．Codeine.C．Capsaicin.D．Placebo.
小題3:We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
A．were patients with bad coughs
B．were divided into the three groups
C．received standard treatments
D．suffered little side effects
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Codeine: A New Medicine
B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:B

試題分析：小題1:.D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段that theobromine（可可堿）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,說明他們認為theobromine是一種有效的治療咳嗽的方法。故D正確。
小題2:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第三行capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing說明C正確。
小題3:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段1,2行Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment.說明他們被分成三隊，每一隊都服用不同的東西。故B正確。
小題4:B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段說明本文主要是講巧克力中發(fā)現(xiàn)的某種物質可以用來治愈咳嗽。故B正確。
點評：本文主要是講巧克力中發(fā)現(xiàn)的theobromine（可可堿）可以用來治愈咳嗽。本文較為簡單，以細節(jié)題考查為主，要求考生在閱讀時做好標志和符號，減少找讀的時間。提高閱讀的效率和速度。
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy traffic．At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is really worldwide．On several occasions over the past decade，a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in distant areas away from any industrial cities．In fact，the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution．Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil)is creating a “greenhouse effect”—— keeping heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature．If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York，Boston，Miami，and New Orleans will be in water．
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature—a result that would be equally disastrous．A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age，and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas．Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen．Perhaps，if we are lucky enough，the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now．Driven by economic profits, people ignore the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”．Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development．But is it really worth-while?
小題1:People used to think that air pollution_________ .
A．caused widespread damage in the countryside
B．a(chǎn)ffected the entire eastern half of the United States
C．had a very bad effect on health
D．existed merely in urban and industrial areas
小題2:As to the greenhouse effect, the author_________.
A．shares the same view with the scientists．
B．is uncertain of its occurrence
C．rejects it as being ungrounded
D．thinks that it will destroy the world soon
小題3:The underlined word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by_______.
A．counter-actB．break fromC．get alongD．communicate
小題4:This passage is primarily about________ .
A．the greenhouse effect
B．the burning of fossil fuels
C．the potential effect of air pollution
D．the possibility of a new ice age

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers．Brain-computer interface（BCI） technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines．
Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts．
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand．He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts．
“Our brain has billions of nerve cells．These send signals through the spinal cord（脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move．But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says．“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices．”
The researchers designed a special cap for the user．This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp（頭皮）and sends them to a computer．The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair． The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path．They help the computer react to commands from the brain．
Prof．Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands．“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices．One example is this wheelchair．”
He says his team has set two goals．One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from．And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time．
小題1:BCI is a technology that can         .
A．help to update computer systemsB．link the human brain with computers
C．help the disabled to recoverD．control a person's thoughts
小題2:How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?                                    
A．By controlling his muscles．B．By talking to the machine．
C．By moving his hand．D．By using his mind．
小題3:The team will test with real patients to         .
A．make profits from themB．prove the technology useful to them
C．make them live longerD．learn about their physical condition
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled
D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you do not use  your arms or your legs for some time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they will slowly become stronger again．Everybody knows that ．yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way．When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it．
When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong．If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault．But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault．Have you ever noticed that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write so they have to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook．They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memories are being exercised the whole time．So if you want to have a good memory, learn from these people:Practise remembering．
小題1:One has a poor memory mainly because       ．
A．his father or mother may have a poor memory
B．he does not use his arms or legs for some time
C．his memory is not often used
D．he can’t read or write
小題2:If you do not use your arms or legs for some time,       .
A．you can’t use them any more
B．they will become stronger
C．they become weak and won’t become stronger until you use them again
D．they will become neither stronger nor weaker
小題3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.
B．Your memory, like your arms or legs,becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.
C．Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.
D．A good memory comes from more practice.
小題4:Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because       .
A．they have saved much trouble
B．they have saveed much time to remember things
C．they have to use their memories all the time
D．they can’t write everything in a little notebook
小題5:Which is the best title for this passage?
A．Don’t Stop Using Your Arams or Legs
B．How to Have a Good Memory
C．Strong Arms and God Memories
D．Learn from the People

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A bully is a person who enjoys hurting other people. A bully can hurt people with words or by hitting them. 85% of children in the UK have been bullied at least once.
How can I tell if a person is a bully?
He or she will...
* try to find your weak point--perhaps you are shy, nervous or easily made worried.
* make fun of you in front of your friends.
* borrow money then won't pay you back.
What can I do if a bully bothers me?
* Tell the bully to leave you alone.
* Do not be afraid to ask other people for help, even though the bully tells you not to.
* Do not feel ashamed because you have been bullied. You have done nothing wrong! The bully should feel ashamed.
* Do not believe the bad things a bully says about you.
What should I do if I see a bully bothering someone?
* Help people who are being bullied, even though you don' t know them.
* Be a friend to people who are bullied.
* Tell a teacher if you see bullying.
* Tell bullies to stop, Sometimes bullies are afraid, too.
Why do some people become bullies?
Some bullies...
* have never learnt to think about other people' s feelings.
* don' t like themselves, so they are sad. They think they will be happy if they make another person sad.
* have been bullied themselves by other bullies.
Can bullies change? .
Yes! Bullies can change when they learn to think about other people' s feelings.
Sometimes bullies must be punished before they understand. Sometimes, bullies just need friends.
小題1:A bully often_______ .
A．makes people think about themselves
B．borrows money but doesn’t return
C．helps people when they are in trouble
D．thinks about other people' s feelings
小題2:If you see a bully bothering your friends, you should________.
A．leave them alone
B．help them stop the bully
C．make them ashamed
D．tell them they are wrong
小題3:Which of the following is true?______
A．Bullies say bad words to people.
B．Bullies like themselves very much.
C．Bullies make people around them happy.
D．Bullies must always be punished.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

When we talk about a bad man, we like to call him a “wolf”. But is it really true that the wolf stands for devil and ugliness？
Have you read the book “The Wolf Totem” by a famous writer Jiang Rong, which tells the story of the relationship between wolves and human beings? Have you ever   41  the wolves' world? If you had, you would 　42  the wolves. In the book, wolves are heroes on the large grassland. They know more about   43　than humans. They can attack lambs without disturbing their mothers. They also know how to   44　 full use of the shape of land to   45　 sheep. I believe that if wolves were humans, they would be 　46　 experts good at fighting.
The wolf is a kind of special creature that can deeply understand 　47　.Each wolf serves its group with its heart and soul. A 　48　 wolf has little power, but a pack of wolves   49　 nothing. All the wolves obey the rules. 　50　 they are defeated, they run away together. It is their teamwork   51　 makes wolves powerful.
The wolves also have great self respect and won't 　52　 to anyone. The writer, who wrote the book “The Wolf Totem”, 　53　 stole a one-month-old baby wolf and raised it very carefully. To his 　54　, he found the little wolf still wanted to go back with   55　 wolves. He bit through the iron chain that limited him. The wolf was   56　 and he never gave in, fighting 　57　 his death. The little wolf died as a glorious fighter.
I was shocked by this kind of 　58　 wolves are one of the most respected creatures on the earth. I want everyone to look at wolves in a 　59　 way. They are our teachers. They show us how to survive and 　60　 in this not simple but dangerous world. Please honor the wolves, please honor all these heroes of nature!
小題1:
A．thought aboutB．walked intoC．talked aboutD．cared for
小題2:
A．huntB．a(chǎn)dmireC．drawD．watch
小題3:
A．spaceB．spotC．foodD．survival
小題4:
A．getB．takeC．haveD．make
小題5:
A．fightB．a(chǎn)voidC．trapD．discover
小題6:
A．specialB．imaginativeC．outstandingD．creative
小題7:
A．operationB．teamworkC．lifestyleD．control
小題8:
A．singleB．brave C．lonelyD．fair
小題9:
A．fightB．struggleC．fearD．fail
小題10:
A．As forB．As though C．Even soD．Even if
小題11:
A．whatB．heC．thatD．one
小題12:
A．turn inB．give inC．take inD．break in
小題13:
A．onceB．justC．soonD．only
小題14:
A．satisfactionB．disappointmentC．pleasureD．sorrow
小題15:
A．restB．othersC．a(chǎn)notherD．the other
小題16:
A．proudB．satisfiedC．willingD．eager
小題17:
A．untilB．a(chǎn)lthoughC．beforeD．unless
小題18:
A．selflessness B．self-confidenceC．self-respectD．self-protection
小題19:
A．curious B．differentC．strangeD．humorous
小題20:
A．walkB．handC．getD．succeed

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I climbed Kilimanjaro with Lava Expeditions (探險隊) during the rainy season.
I flew to Nairobi in Kenya and spent several days there. At my hotel in Nairobi I met the rest of the group with whom I would spend the next week. We all travelled on the bus together for a 6-hour journey into Tanzania and then Arusha , a quiet town.
After we arrived at our hotel in Arusha , we had dinner and a few drinks. Then we were introduced to more members including Taddeus Minja, the main guide, who was very experienced — climbing Kilimanjaro runs through the generations (代) of his family.
The next day the Lava Expeditions members checked if we had the correct and enough clothing for our expedition on Kilimanjaro. Only one person needed to bring more clothes.
After that we set off, walking in the rain through the beauty of the rainforest, all the way to the first camp. I was happy the next few days as the view was so wonderful and changed every day. I suffered a little during the trip and I felt so tired. But the members of Lava Expeditions provided me with lots of encouragement, which was one of the best memories. Finally we reached the top of Kilimanjaro in bright blue skies.
I felt excited about climbing Kilimanjaro and the feeling didn’t change during my trip. Lava Expeditions looked after me so well that I was deeply thankful for their help.
小題1:How did the author get to Nairobi?
A．By bus.B．By train.C．By air.D．On foot.
小題2:What do we know about Taddeus Minja according to the passage?
A．He organized the journey.
B．He was the main guide of Lava Expeditions.
C．He was the manager of a hotel in Arusha.
D．He had little knowledge about climbing mountains.
小題3:How did Lava Expeditions help the author while climbing Kilimanjaro?
A．By carrying bags for him.
B．By offering food to him.
C．By encouraging him.
D．By teaching him climbing skills.
小題4:What did the author think of his climbing Kilimanjaro?
A．Tiring and disappointing.
B．Tiring but excited.
C．Dangerous but exciting.
D．Dangerous and tiring.
小題5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To tell readers about Lava Expeditions.
B．To give readers advice on climbing Kilimanjaro.
C．To encourage more people to climb Kilimanjaro.
D．To share his experience of climbing Kilimanjaro.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I spent two months with an American family last year when I studied in America．It is said that “The best house is in the U.S.A．， the best wife is in Japan and the best food is in China．”So I took 36    and pleasure to   37    “the best food” for my American family．Each day，regardless of my poor skill of cooking，I performed my play in  38   way：changing the dishes’colour，the meat’s type or the soup’s style．Thus，my American friends could discover the    39   of eating Chinese food． Because of my“      40    ” job，I was often rewarded by their    41  of  appreciation , such as “very  tasty”，“excellent”etc．But the joke was here： yesterday， I cooked Sichuan－style    42  for dinner．I was   43   at my achievement．When all the family members arrived at the table，they first looked     44  at the fish，then looked at me． “Why do all the fish have their    45   ？” they asked，“It’s horrible！” Horrible or beautiful？ I don’t know． But I    46  know that fish heads are delicious. The    47   is the best part of fish； in    48    only the respectable guest can have the special     49  of enjoying it． Another                      50     thing is：the American friends often said to me“    51 ”as they  52   fruits or other things． According to Chinese tradition，I would simply smile in answer to their kindness 53 actually helping myself to any of the food.     54  ，I said “help yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits．Dear me，no matter how much or how often I brought home food， as long as it was nice to their taste，they    55  hesitated to use their hands to “help themselves” until all was finished． 
小題1:
A．worryB．a(chǎn)ttentionC．delightD．pride
小題2:
A．buyB．fetchC．cook D．leave
小題3:
A．theirB．a(chǎn) newC．the sameD．a(chǎn) simple
小題4:
A．wayB．joyC．troubleD．importance
小題5:
A．hardB．dailyC．goodD．new
小題6:
A．expressionsB．sentenceC．doingD．smile
小題7:
A．meatB．fishC．soupD．egg
小題8:
A．praisedB．pleasedC．badD．surprise
小題9:
A．pleasedlyB．excitedlyC．surprisedly D．worriedly
小題10:
A．bonesB．flesh (人肉)C．tailsD．heads
小題11:
A．doB．willC．want toD．should
小題12:
A．tailB．headC．soupD．flesh
小題13:
A．factB．ChinaC．USAD．the West
小題14:
A．honourB．seatC．tableD．plate
小題15:
A．realB．excitingC．interestingD．easy
小題16:
A．please help us B．excuse meC．help yourselfD．eat them please
小題17:
A．brought homeB．wantedC．were buyingD．were eating
小題18:
A．notB．but notC．withoutD．nor
小題19:
A．At lastB．Above allC．After all D．In return
小題20:
A．usualB．oftenC．neverD．had

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources(資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high  targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers a large of new chances for sustainable product industries.
小題1:The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that____.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to future
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy
B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market
C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests
小題3:To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can______.
A．cut public expensesB．forbid carbon emission
C．develop public resourcesD．encourage energy conservation
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that business have many chances to _______.
A．develop sustainable productsB．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resourcesD．deal with the major challenge
小題5:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business modelB．To compare two business models
C．To predict a change of the global marketsD．To advocate sustainable development

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案