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The deadly earthquake and tsunami (海嘯) that struck Japan on March 11 damaged two nuclear power stations. Officials are now working to prevent dangerous radiation from poisoning the air in the area surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi plant. The Japanese government has ordered people living within 12 and a half miles of the plant to evacuate, and asked those living 12 and a half to 20 miles away to stay indoors.
Nuclear power plants create energy using a chemical reaction that produces large amounts of heat. Reactors(反應堆)in Japan have many long, thin rods, called fuel rods(棒), which must be kept cool.
If the reactor’s fuel rods aren’t cooled, the reaction can burn out of control. That’s what happened at the two Japanese plants after the quake caused a power failure and the cooling systems malfunctioned(發(fā)生故障). This overheating could cause radiation to escape and sicken many people.
Japan’s 54 nuclear reactors are built to withstand the many small or moderate earthquakes the country faces each year. But Friday’s earthquake was one of the most severe earthquakes ever recorded.
People exposed to unsafe levels of radiation have a higher than normal risk of getting cancer. The Japanese government has been distributing potassium iodide(碘化鉀)pills to people in the surrounding areas to protect those who may have come in contact with radiation from the power plant. The pills flood the body with healthy potassium iodide. The potassium iodide works to crowd out “bad” iodine in the body that may have been poisoned by radiation.
On Tuesday morning, 750 workers left the Fukushima Daiichi plant. However, 50 workers stayed behind to use sweater to cool the fuel rods. These dedicated employees are risking their own lives to save many others.
On Thursday, officials used helicopters, fire trucks, and water cannons to spray water on the reactors to cool the fuel rods. But it’s not clear whether these efforts were successful. Officials are now working on a power line to restore electricity to the plant. They hope this will help restart the plant’s cooling system and stop the fuel rods from leaking radiation.
小題1:The underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 1 probably means            .
A．helpB．restC．stopD．leave
小題2:What can we learn from the text?
A．The local people are scared and ready to run away.
B．The earthquake led to many deaths and caused damage to roads.
C．The Japanese government has found a kind of pill that can treat cancer.
D．The two stations were damaged because their cooling systems didn’t work.
小題3:In the last paragraph, the author mainly states            .
A．lack of help
B．international aids
C．the government’s efforts
D．the result of the disaster
小題4:This text is most probably taken from            .
A．a research paper
B．a newspaper report
C．a class presentation
D．a chemistry textbook

小題1:D
小題2:D
小題3:C
小題4:B

試題分析：
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)The Japanese government has ordered people living within 12 and a half miles of the plant to evacuate, and asked those living 12 and a half to 20 miles away to stay indoors.可知政府讓住在離核電站12.5英里這些人離開，之外的人待在家里，不要外出，以免受到輻射。故D正確。
小題2:D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段2，3行If the reactor’s fuel rods aren’t cooled, the reaction can burn out of control. That’s what happened at the two Japanese plants after the quake caused a power failure and the cooling systems malfunctioned(發(fā)生故障).說明正是因為冷卻裝置出來問題才導致這兩個核電站被破壞，故D正確。
小題3:C 細節(jié)題。文章的最后一段都是政府為了避免災難所做的各種努力，故C正確。
小題4:B 推理題。文章簡述了福島核電站的危機以及政府的救援行動，最有可能是新聞報道，不會是研究論文和班級簡報，或者化學教科書。故B正確。
點評：文章簡述了福島核電站的危機以及政府的救援行動。主要還是考查了細節(jié)題注重綜合語言能力的運用，結合語境，做出準確的判斷。
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