A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.
Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大質(zhì)量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.
小題1:The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.
A．the star is going to die
B．special tools are used on it
C．other stars come close to it
D．it is seen from the space telescopes
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.
B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.
C．Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes.
D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.
小題3:The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.
A．a(chǎn) black holeB．the Milky Way
C．a(chǎn) series of starsD．a(chǎn) planet near the earth
小題4:What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.
B．There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.
D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”.
小題5:The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.
A．what a black hole is
B．how black holes form
C．how big black holes are
D．how scientists know about black holes

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:D
小題5:D

試題分析：文章介紹黑洞的形成，它的特點(diǎn)以及科學(xué)家探索研究黑洞的方法。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)文章第一段中“This can happen when a star is dying.”可知恒星的死亡可能會(huì)形成黑洞。故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第三段中“These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain”這些黑洞可能會(huì)非常小，但是有一座山一樣的質(zhì)量，可知A正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole.”黑洞不可見是因?yàn)閺?qiáng)大的引力將所有的光線吸進(jìn)黑洞的中間，可知B項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)最后一句“Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.”科學(xué)家們使用衛(wèi)星和太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡查看高能光，可知科學(xué)家不是用自己的眼睛，因此C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第六段中“Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began.”科學(xué)家認(rèn)為最小的黑洞在宇宙開始時(shí)形成，可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選C。
小題3:推理題：根據(jù)第四段中“Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way”地球所在的星系叫銀河系，常理可知星系是有很多星星組成的。故選C。
小題4:推理題：根據(jù)第五段最后一句“The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.”在銀河系中心的超大質(zhì)量黑洞的質(zhì)量相當(dāng)于四百萬個(gè)太陽,是一個(gè)可以容納幾百萬地球在內(nèi)的巨大的球，由此可知這是在解釋什么叫做“超大質(zhì)量黑洞”。故選D。
小題5:推理題：閱讀最后兩段內(nèi)容可知是在介紹科學(xué)家是如何找到黑洞的。故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·高考四川卷，E)Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收縮) and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see－and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(掃描儀) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，”Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced，we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
小題1:What is the finding of the study?
A．One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
B．Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
C．Fear has something to do with one’s health.
D．One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
小題2:The study was carried out by analyzing________.
A．volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B．the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C．volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D．different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart­brain communication
小題3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to“mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A．Order. B．System.
C．Machine. D．Treatment.
小題4:This study may contribute to________.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the key to the heart­brain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats(威脅) brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damaged to corals exposed to heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive(破壞性的) in the long run.
Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.
During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.
The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexities(復(fù)雜性) of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors(因素).
“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”
小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Corals are unable to adjust to temperature changes.
B．Cold temperature causes greater damage to corals.
C．Hot temperature helps coral reefs to grow quickly.
D．Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.
小題2:We can learn from the passage that         .
A．scientists used to pay no attention to the effect of cold events on corals
B．2010 witnessed one of the greatest temperature differences on record
C．corals prefer warmer conditions to cold temperatures in the long run
D．global warming has nothing to do with the decrease of temperature
小題3:According to the research,            .
A．corals may continue to grow in cold events after a few days
B．cold events help corals grow more quickly in a short time
C．corals show no response to hot temperatures in the first days
D．corals are whitened mainly because of warm temperatures
小題4:Scientists reached the conclusion through              .
A．news reportB．scientific studyC．great imaginationD．natural conditions

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BEIJING - By the end of 2011 China-made supercomputers will say goodbye to foreign microchips（微芯片） and start using their own "Chinese core(核心)", according to one of the country's leading scientists, Hu Weiwu.
Hu told reporters on Saturday that the "Dawning 6000" supercomputer, developed by the Institute of Computing Technology of CAS and the Dawning Information Industry Company (DIIC), will adopt Loongson microchips for the first time as its core parts. It will have a computing speed of more than 1,000 trillion operations a second.
Making supercomputers with Chinese microchips is one of the nation's major science and technology projects. Three organizations - the Institute of Computing Technology of CAS, Jiangnan Institute of Computing Technology and the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) - have their own supercomputer projects.
According to their schedules, all three institutions will need to meet the target of using domestically（國(guó)內(nèi)的） developed microchips by the end of this year. Hu said the new supercomputer will use fewer than 10,000 Loongson microchips, and will also be more energy-efficient.
Tianhe-1A, developed by NUDT in Hunan's provincial capital Changsha, is the fastest supercomputer in the world. However, Tianhe-1A largely runs on 14,336 CPUs made by Intel, and 7,186 GPUs (processing units) from Nvidia, two US chip-makers.
Hu said there will be difficulties ahead as there is little affiliated equipment specially developed for these supercomputers. "We have enough supercomputers in China but still can't make full use of them," He said.
Hu added that although the China-made CPUs have improved since they were first produced in 2002, they have a long way to go to compete with US chip-makers such as Intel.
小題1:What’s the best title for this passage?
A．The Arrival of Chinese Supercomputers
B．Homemade CPUs with a Long Way to Go
C．The Supercomputers of Three Organizations in China
D．Homemade CPUs on the Way for Local Supercomputers
小題2:What will raise the speed to more than 1,000 trillion operations a second.?
A．Dawning 6000B．Loongson microchips
C．DIICD．Tianhe-1A
小題3:What do we know about Tianhe-1A?
A. Not all the parts of Tianhe-1A are made by China.
B. Tianhe-1A is developed by CAS and DIIC.
C. Tianhe-1A will use fewer than 10,000 Loongson microchips.
D. NUDT has produced a most powerful supercomputer in China.
小題4:The underlined word “affiliated” can be replaced by_______.
A．cheapB．suitableC．expensiveD．modern

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Where Are We Going, Dad? presents a new generation of men, in a break from Chinese tradition, now take an active role in their children's lives.
Five star fathers and their children travel around China, riding camels through the western deserts, fishing off the east coast, and selling vegetables for their bus fare home in remote southwestern Yunnan province. One dad doesn’t know how to do his daughter’s hair, but give him a couple of days — he’ll figure it out. Another one must survive with his son for three days in the desert, where, because neither can cook, the two only eat instant noodles.
These story lines are part of Where Are We Going, Dad? which, since its first show in October, has become one of China’s most popular television shows, covering more than 600 million viewers each week. And searches for Where Are We Going, Dad? turn up over 40 million hits on Sina Weibo, China’s Twitter.
“In traditional Chinese culture, the common conception of parenthood is that the father is strict and the mother is kind. But on the show, we see fathers who are much gentler on their kids and more concerned with their upbringing,” said Li Minyi, an associate professor of early childhood education at the leading Beijing Normal University. “An important question arises in this show for modern Chinese society — what is the role of fathers in today’s China?”
“As they raise their children, parents are growing up at the same time,” said Wang Renping, a popular education expert, in an interview with the Qianjiang Evening News. “They cannot use parenting styles from 20 years ago to guide the development of children born 20 years later.”
The attraction of Where Are We Going, Dad? lies in the chance to have a close look at the lives of popular Chinese stars and their children. Audiences fancy watching the failed attempts of star dads making dinner, braiding hair(編頭發(fā)), and disciplining children — tasks often left to mothers in a society still influenced by the opinion that “men rule outside and women rule inside.”
小題1:From the passage, we can draw a conclusion that Where Are We Going, Dad? is         .
A．a(chǎn) TV showB．a(chǎn) novelC．a(chǎn) matchD．a(chǎn) news report
小題2:In Where Are We Going, Dad, we can probably learn about                          .
A．how the fathers do housework at home
B．how the children study in their spare time
C．how the fathers look after and guide their children
D．how the children help their father with their travel around China
小題3:Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．In modern society, men should not care too much about their kids.
B．Where Are We Going, Dad has the most number of viewers in China.
C．In Chinese tradition, fathers always play an active part in their children’s lives.
D．While they bring up their children, parents are improving their parenting styles.
小題4:The reason why Where Are We Going, Dad is so popular in China may include the following EXCEPT that          .
A．a(chǎn)udiences enjoy laughing at others’ failure in life
B．it can make people laugh and think at the same time
C．people love watching the stars and their children’s lives closely
D．it presents a new generation of men’s role in their children’s lives

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. My family’s last vacation was a good         to prove it. It was my six-year-old son’s winter break from school, and we were         home from Fort Lauderdale after a week-long trip. The flight was        , and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to        . But that didn't mean my husband and my son couldn't stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home.
The next day, my husband and son were offered more         to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouraged — okay, ordered — them to wait it out at the        , to "earn" more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?
Now some people may think I'm a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a        . And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to        .
I've made living looking for the best deals and         the worst tricks. I have been the consumer reporter of NBC's Today show for over a decade. So far, I feel proud that I have written a couple of         including one titled Tricks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I         in.
I tell you this because there is no         in getting your money’s worth. Honestly, I’m also         when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldn't hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and it's the first thing people        . And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture.         lasts.
小題1:
A．sampleB．excuseC．situationD．example
小題2:
A．leavingB．headingC．gettingD．a(chǎn)rriving
小題3:
A．overbookedB．overcrowdedC．overworkedD．overpowered
小題4:
A．get onB．get over C．get backD．get away
小題5:
A．seatsB．creditsC．bargainD．value
小題6:
A．flightB．officeC．schoolD．a(chǎn)irport
小題7:
A．dollarB．timeC．familyD．work
小題8:
A．pass upB．pass downC．pass along D．pass on
小題9:
A．expanding B．expectingC．exposingD．explaining
小題10:
A．dictionariesB．newspapersC．novelsD．books
小題11:
A．believeB．putC．giveD．come
小題12:
A．harmB．shameC．doubt D．shock
小題13:
A．generousB．tightfistedC．joyfulD．patient
小題14:
A．noticeB．realize C．know D．understand
小題15:
A．SatisfactoryB．Quantity C．Ability D．Quality

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don't need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you're feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people's beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they'll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. "If you think of willpower as something that's limited, you're more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task," said Prof.Veronika Job. "'But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on."
The researchers designed four experiments to test students'-beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (誘惑).
Mr. Job said. "The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.'"
The findings could help people who are" battling temptation. Willpower isn't driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
小題1:The theory that willpower is limited supports that _________.
A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired
B．people do need a break to restore their willpower
C．there’s no way to strengthen people’s willpower
D．weak willpower doesn’t affect people’s life much
小題2:What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower?
A．It is in the charge of people.
B．It is a limited resource.
C．There is no way to restore willpower.
D．It doesn’t easily run out.
小題3:Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?
A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.
B．Don’t eat fast food while studying.
C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited.
D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.
小題4:The following groups can benefit from the findings except
A．patients following strict diets
B．children liking to watch TV
C．smokers trying to give up smoking
D．employees facing a new but well-paid task
小題5:What’s the best title for the passage?
A．A new theory about willpowerB．How to build strong willpower
C．The great influence of willpowerD．Willpower doesn’t last long

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

All across California, honeybees are flying away from their hives(蜂箱) and dying. Empty hives are causing a lot of worry about some important food crops.
Bees give us a lot more than delicious honey. They are pollinators（授粉者）—they enable plants to produce the fruits and nuts we enjoy by carrying pollen from one plant or flower to the next. The wind pollinates oats, corn, and wheat, but many other plants (like apple and cherry trees and melon vines) depend on insects, bats, and birds. In the U.S., millions and millions of bees kept by human beekeepers fly around doing a lot of this important work for food crops. “Bees are worth protecting because their work adds so much to our diet,” says Dr. Jeff Pettis of the Bee Research Laboratory.
California’s almond (杏仁) crop alone depends on about half the bees in the country. But now the almond crop and many others could be in trouble with so many bees dying.
Researchers at government and university labs all over the country are trying to figure out why so many bees are dying. However, bees are hard to study. Most die away from the hive, so researchers don’t have dead bodies to examine. And when researchers return to a hive after two weeks, about half the bees they studied on their first visit will be dead, replaced by new ones in the natural life cycle of bees. “It isn’t like studying a large animal like a cow that doesn’t move around much and is easy to find out in the cow field,” says Pettis.
Researchers have some ideas about what could be affecting bee health. They could be sick from poisons widely used to kill insects, or they might not be getting enough good food to stay strong. Also, tiny insects called mites feed on bees. “A virus or bacteria could also be doing the killing.” explains Pettis.
小題1:What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The wind helps pollinate.
B．Bees are important in food crops.
C．Bees give us a lot of delicious honey.
D．Cherry trees are pollinated by bees.
小題2:Bees are hard to study because ____________.
A．they move around too much
B．new bees soon replace all the bees studied by researchers
C．they are too tiny
D．they never return to hives
小題3:What could cause so many bees to die?
A．Poisons to kill birds.B．Eating too much.
C．Large insects.D．Some virus.
小題4:What can we learn from the article?
A．A large number of bees have died in the hive.
B．Without bees, some foods would disappear from our diet.
C．Only researchers in California want to know what kills bees.
D．Large animals are easier to study than tiny insects.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Julie was preparing for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price.
A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”. Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men.
Fortunately, there’s a solution.
The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.
Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem.
Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone. 
Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone’s location.
He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety: “60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”
小題1:Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph?
A．To inform us that mobile phones are useful.
B．To introduce the topic for discussion.
C．To warn us that we should be careful.
D．To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.
小題2:The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．Fear of losing mobile phones.
B．Habits of using mobile phones
C．Eagerness for new mobile phones.
D．Independence of mobile phones.
小題3:Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?
A．Avoiding using phone for some time
B．Learning more about modern technology.
C．Protecting one’s phone against any damage.
D．Not using a mobile phone in one’s daily work.
小題4:Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?
A．It lets you know other people also lose their phones.
B．It will give you a new phone through insurance.
C．It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance.
D．It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.
小題5: What is the passage mainly about?
A．Solutions to nomophobia.B．New mobile phone technology.
C．Disadvantages of mobile phone.D．Attitude toward mobile phone.

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