Look closely at ,your hands-are they clean? It doesn't matter how many times you was  your hands. They're still crowded with microbes, which are also called "germs" or "bacteria". Microbes are everywhere. But don't worry-most microbes don't harm you. and many actually help you stay alive.
Now,  scientists say the microbes that live on our hands could be used in a surprising way: fighting crime.
When police visit the scene of a crime, they often look for fingerprints to try to identifythe criminal.  But according to a recent study, investigators could even use microbes to help break a criminal case.
Every person has his or her own set of microbes that live on their hands, according to scientists at,the University of:Colorado. That means the mix of different kinds of microbes on everybody's hand is unique-much like one's fingerprint.
The scientists wanted to know whether this microbe mix could be used as a new kind of fingerprint-especially in a crime scene where fingerprints might be hard to find.  And policemen use forensics such as studying fingerprints to identify the criminal.
"Microbe fingerprints are harder to hide," said Noah Fierer, one of the scientists.
"You can't sterilize(為……殺菌) a surface just by wiping it off. "
His team compared the bacteria on the hands of 273 people with the bacteria found on each person's computer keyboard. For the study, the keyboards had been used only by the people who were being tested. The study showed that the mix of microbes from each per- son's hands matched the mix of microbes on that person's keyboard. The scientists were easily able to tell the 273 people apart-just by looking at their keyboards.
But there are a lot more than 273 criminals. Other scientists wonder whetherthe microbe fingerprint can really be that useful. 
Fierer agrees that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe fingerprint will be a useful tool．
小題1:According to the passage,  microbes on people's hands_____
A．do more harm than goodB．a(chǎn)re easy to get rid of
C．a(chǎn)re almost the sameD．might help find crimes
小題2:The underlined word "forensics" in Paragraph 5 probably refers to________.
A．the scientific test used by police
B．a(chǎn) new kind of fingerprint
C．a(chǎn) kind of bacteria'in people's hands
D．a(chǎn) kind of newly invented keyboard
小題3:What did Fierer's team find through the study?
A．They found the criminal among the 237 people.
B．They could tell who had used which computer.
C．Computer keyboards couldn't keep people's microbe fingerprints.
D．People's characters could be identified by the keyboards they used.
小題4:We can learn from the passage that ______.
A．your microbes may give you away
B．scientists will come to a clear conclusion soon
C．many scientists think microbe fingerprints useless
D．the microbe fingerprint has been used in many cases
小題5:The main idea of the passage is about_____.
A．the importance of fingerprintsB．how to clean our hands
C．the usefulness of microbesD．different germs on our hands

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:A
小題5:C

試題分析：本文敘述了人們手上的細(xì)菌有好處，現(xiàn)在警察利用人們手上的細(xì)菌可以幫助破案，因?yàn)槿说闹讣y有可能被破壞了，看不清了，但是人們接觸過的東西上面的細(xì)菌卻還有，并且人與人是不同的，所以可以根據(jù)這個(gè)來找到警察要找的罪犯。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)according to a recent study, investigators could even use microbes to help break a criminal case.指紋來幫助破案，故選D。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The scientists wanted to know whether this microbe mix could be used as a new kind of fingerprint-especially in a crime scene where fingerprints might be hard to find.  And policemen use forensics such as studying fingerprints to identify the criminal.故選A。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)For the study, the keyboards had been used only by the people who were being tested. The study showed that the mix of microbes from each per- son's hands matched the mix of microbes on that person's keyboard. The scientists were easily able to tell the 273 people apart-just by looking at their keyboards.通過看鍵盤很容易的辨別誰用了這個(gè)電腦。故選B。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)你的細(xì)菌能夠泄漏秘密，故選A。
小題5:主旨大意題。根據(jù)C
點(diǎn)評(píng)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題可以分為集中型細(xì)節(jié)理解題和分散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題。集中型：就文章的單個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)提問，答案在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置一般也位于單句話或幾句話中。因?yàn)榫唧w細(xì)節(jié)不同，出題形式千變?nèi)f化，因題而異。分散型：題目涉及到文章某一段或幾段，甚至貫穿全文的各個(gè)位置，需要考生尋找文章中的多個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。請注意，分散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題并不意味著題目的正確答案出現(xiàn)在文章的不同位置，正確答案往往也是關(guān)于文章的某一個(gè)句子或細(xì)節(jié)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Almost everyone suffers from a headache sometimes.But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches.
What is headache? What causes it? What can be done about a headache? What research is being done on headaches?
The dictionary defines(下定義) headache simply as “a pain in the head.” What most people mean by headache is a pain which lasts several minutes or hours.It covers the whole head, or one side of it, or perhaps the front or the back of the head.To add to the confusion(困惑) about a definition, some people call tight feeling in the head a headache.
A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition which probably could be controlled if discovered early.If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a pain-killer, he may pass the point of easy control.
The professional name for covering up a symptom(癥狀) is “masking” (遮蔽).A headache specialist once said, “Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment.” He compared taking a pain-killer for a headache before a cause is known with taking iron pills for anemia(貧血癥) while bleeding continues undiscovered.He added, “Sometimes it is wiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.”
A headache is important also because it affects normal, happy living.The employee with a headache does less work.In a flash of temper he may upset his fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to his organization.The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family.She upsets her husband and children.
小題1:Which is true according to the passage?
A．Headache has no effect on others.
B．Headache may cover the whole body.
C．Headache may last several minutes or hours.
D．Headache is just the tight feeling in the head.
小題2:The sentence underlined in Paragraph 5 means ______.
A．you should not advance in darkness whatever happens
B．you’d better do nothing before you know how to deal with it
C．you’d better still stand there without moving when it is dark at night
D．you should take some pain-killers for your headache if you want to cover it up
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A．Treatments of headachesB．The definition of headaches
C．Symptom of headachesD．Bad effects of a headache
小題4:The passage mainly tells us______.
A．the reason of headache
B．headache and its effect
C．everyone suffers from a headache
D．a(chǎn) headache is a symptom of something serious

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Aggie Bonfire (篝火) was a long-standing tradition at Texas A&M University as part of the college rivalry (競爭) with the University of Texas at Austin. For 90 years, Texas A&M students—known as Aggies—built and burned a bonfire on campus each autumn. Known to the Aggie community simply as "Bonfire", the annual autumn event symbolized Aggie students' "burning desires”. The bonfire was traditionally lit around Thanksgiving in connection with festivities surrounding the annual college football game.
Although early Bonfires were little more than piles of trash, as time passed, the annual event became more organized. Over the years the bonfire grew bigger, setting the world record in 1969. Bonfire remained a university tradition for decades until, in 1999, a collapse during construction killed twelve people—eleven students and one former student—and injured twenty-seven others.
The accident led Texas A&M to declare a pause on an official Bonfire. However, in 2002, a student-sponsored-and-off-campus "Student Bonfire" came up.
In 2003, the event became known as Student Bonfire. In a design approved by a professional engineer, Student Bonfire uses a wedding cake design, but, in a departure from tradition, every log in the stack (堆) touches the ground. For added support, four 24 feet poles are spaced evenly around the stack and then bolted to the 45 feet center pole with a steel pipe. Since the group does not receive funding, Student Bonfire charges a fee to each attendee to cover expenses. Attendance for Student Bonfire ranges from 8,000–15,000 people and the event is held in Brazos County or one of the surrounding counties.
小題1:When did Aggie Bonfire come into being?
A．In 2003.B．1999.
C．1909.D．2002.
小題2: Which of the following statements is true according to the above passage?
A．Texas A&M University started Aggie Bonfire.
B．The University of Texas at Austin started Students Bonfire.
C．Texas A&M University and The University of Texas started Students Bonfire.
D．Texas A&M University and The University of Texas started Aggie Bonfire.
小題3:Why did Aggie Bonfire once stop?
A．Too many people wanted to join in it.
B．Some serious accidents occurred during the activity.
C．It ran out of fund and then stopped.
D．There were no official supports.
小題4: Which of the following might serve as the best title of the whole passage?
A．From Aggie Bonfire to Student Bonfire.
B．A brief history of American Bonfire.
C．Why not join Bonfire?
D．Bonfire in Texas of the United States.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. 
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
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小題1:The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______.
A．large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment
B．small species survived as large animals disappeared
C．large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D．Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
小題2:We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______.
A．the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B．there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C．the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D．the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old
小題3:By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______.
A．fishing technology has improved rapidly
B．then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C．the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D．the date collected so far are out of date.
小題4:Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______.
A．people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B．fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C．the ocean biomass should restore its original level.
D．people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
小題5:The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______.
A．management efficiency
B．biomass level
C．catch-size limits
D．technological application.

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Not long ago the movie 2012 came into screen．The people were threatened by those scenes of destroying flood, severe earthquake, terrifying hurricane and constructions representing human civilization being destroyed and even swallowed by disaster．Luckily, they are just the director' s imagination, but the present situation is not heading a positive direction, either．
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小題1:Why does the author talk about the movie 2012 in the passage ? __________.
A．To give example．B．To lead into the topic．
C．To make prediction．D．To provide the evidence．
小題2:How did the author feel when he took a trip to the glacier? ____________.
A．Worried．B．Puzzled．C．Scared．D．Bored．
小題3:It can be inferred from the third paragraph that          .
A．56 million people in Italy have been killed owing to the rising sea level
B．Some islands and coastal cities will be drowned in water by the year of 2050
C．Human beings will be in danger if we don't take actions to prevent the global warming
D．It is certain that what happened in the movie 2012 will come into reality
小題4:According to the passage, you are advised to         .
A．drive our own private cars instead of taking buses to some place
B．recycle everything that is used
C．go to see the movie 2012 at once
D．work together to take good care of our planet
小題5:What does the author mean by saying "small drops of water make a big ocean"?
A．Think twice before taking action.
B．It's our duty to protect the ocean．
C．Everyone together can make a difference．
D．It's important to save every drop of water．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I went to the classroom with great confidence when I gave my first lesson to my English literature class. Since I had taught in America for many years, I had no 36 ______ about my ability to hold their attention and to 37 ______ them my admiration for the literature of my native language.
I was 38 ______ when the monitor shouted，“ Stand up！ ” The whole class 39  ______ as I entered the classroom. I was somewhat 40 ______ how I could get them to sit down again, but once that embarrassment was over, I quickly 41 ______ my calmness and began what I thought was a fact- packed lecture, sure to gain their 42 ______  — perhaps even their admiration. I went back to my office with the rosy glow(滿面紅光）which came from a sense of 43 ______ .
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However, I also learned a lot, and my 55 ______  with my Chinese students has made me a better American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.
小題1:
A．ideaB． doubtC．troubleD． difficulty
小題2:
A．fix onB． hold onC．focus onD． impress on
小題3:
A．shockedB． amusedC．interestedD． excited
小題4:
A．laughedB． shoutedC．roseD． whispered
小題5:
A．puzzledB． confidentC．a(chǎn)nxiousD． curious
小題6:
A．coveredB． hidC．regainedD． won
小題7:
A．satisfactionB． supportC．concernD． respect
小題8:
A．failureB． achievementC．embarrassmentD． sadness
小題9:
A．likedB． keptC．readD． exchanged
小題10:
A． replacedB． heldC．controlledD． caught
小題11:
A． surelyB． naturallyC．obviouslyD． possibly
小題12:
A． normalB． specialC．similarD． disappointing
小題13:
A． knowledgeB． backgroundC．developmentD． information
小題14:
A． explainB． tellC．provideD． teach
小題15:
A． educationB． learningC．cultureD． literature
小題16:
A． discoverB． considerC．raiseD． answer
小題17:
A． drawB． decideC．expressD． share
小題18:
A． usefulB． relatedC．exactD． standard
小題19:
A． conceptB． situationC．challengeD． difference
小題20:
A． discussionB． experienceC．a(chǎn)rgumentD． growth

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When children learn a language, they learn the grammar as well as words or vocabulary. No one teaches them; children just “pick them up”.
Before babies begin to produce words, they produce sounds. Some of these sounds will remain if they occur in the language being learned, and others will disappear. This is called the “babbling stage”.
A child does not learn the language “all at once”. The child first speaks only one-word “sentences”. After a few months, the two-word stage arises. During this stage, the child puts two words together. These two-word sentences have definite patterns and express grammatical and meaningful relationships. Still later, in the telegraphic stage, the child will produce longer sentences. These longer sentences are mainly made up of content words. The child’s early grammar lacks many of the rules of the adult grammar, but gradually it will become perfect.
All normal children everywhere learn language. This ability is not dependent on race, social class, geography, or even intelligence (智力). This ability is uniquely (獨(dú)特的) for human.
小題1:This passage is mainly about ___________.
A．differences between a child’s language and an adult’s
B．ways of teaching babies to talk
C．children’s learning of the mother language
D．the importance of learning foreign languages
小題2:The phrase “pick them up” means____________.
A．raise them from the ground
B．learn them without much effort
C．use hands to help carry them
D．study very hard and remember them
小題3:During the “babbling stage”, babies ___________.
A．can only produce sound
B．learn to work without falling over
C．can understand people’s talk
D．begin to produce two-word sentences
小題4:The two-word sentences produced by babies __________.
A．a(chǎn)re simpler than those produced in the “babbling stage”
B．a(chǎn)re much more difficult than those produced in the telegraphic stage
C．a(chǎn)re strictly grammatical
D．a(chǎn)re meaningful and have function
小題5:The passage implies that any children can learn a language as long as he is ___________.
A．well-educatedB．clever enough
C．uniqueD．physical normal

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “l(fā)anguage protein(蛋白質(zhì))” in the brain.
The study, conducted by neuroscientists （神經(jīng)學(xué)家）and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. "This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.
They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.
The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.
“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,” said Prof McCarthy.
"Our results imply Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals."
小題1:From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A．women always speak more words than men
B．men and male rats have low levels of language protein
C．women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2
D．McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative
小題2:The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means______.
A．paid attention to B．related toC．put pressure onD．counted on
小題3:The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.
A．test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans
B．prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different
C．determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats
D．discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal communication
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ?
A．Tests on humans and ratsB．Why women are the talkative sex
C．Sex differences in Foxp2 proteinD．Foxp2 protein determines oral ability

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



A microscope is a useful instrument for observing small objects. By producing a bigger image, the microscope reveals details that are undetectable to the naked eye(裸眼).
Before using the microscope, please read the instructions below.
CAUTION: Microscopes are both delicate and expensive and must be handled with care.
1. Always carry the microscope with two hands — one supporting the base and the other on the arm.
2. Avoid stretching the wire of the lamp across a walkway.
3. Keep the stage clean and always use a glass slide for specimens(樣本).
4. To avoid crushing the glass slide when focusing, begin with the lens close to the specimen and gradually back off to focus.
5. Keep the microscope covered to prevent the dust while it is being stored.
HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE:
1. Plug(接通電源) in the lamp.
2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a slide.
3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the room up into the objective lens. When the mirror is correctly adjusted, a complete circle of light iwll appear when you look through the eyepiece.
4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on teh stage. If it is a wet slide, be sure the bottom of the slide is dry.
5. With the LOW POWER objective leans placed over the slide, use the coarse focus knob to lower the lens to the lowest point.
6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while closing the other eye. Slowly raise the lens until teh focus is relatively clear.
7. Use the fine focus knob to fine -tune(微調(diào))the focus.
8. Without changing the focus knobs, switch to the HIGH POWER objective lens. Once you have switched to HIGH POWER, use only the fine focus knob to make the image sharper.
小題1:Which of the following is the correct way to use a microscope according to the text?
A．Use one hand to carry the microscope
B．Place a sample directly on the clean stage
C．When stored, the microscope should be adjusted.
D．Look through the eyepiece with one eye.
小題2:If you want to observe a thin piece of hair, which of the following should you do first.?
A．Switch to objective lens.B．Adjust the mirror.
C．Look through the eyepiece.D．Place the hair on a glass slide.
小題3:According to the text, you could see a complete circle of light _____.
A．a(chǎn)fter correctly adjusting the mirror
B．while looking at the specimen on a glass slide
C．a(chǎn)fter slowly raising the objective lens
D．before positioning the mirror correctly

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