As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without many living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物體) to be affected are either plants or plankton (浮游生物). These organisms are the food of fish, birds, and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute water come from? There are two main sources, sewage(污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗滌劑)is used in homes, more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas.  Detergents harm water birds by breaking down the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous materials in it, such as copper and lead.
So if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple. Sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water reservoirs. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
小題1:Pollution in water is noticed ________.
A．when the first organisms are affected
B．when many fish and birds die
C．when poisons are poured into water
D．As soon as the balance of nature is destroyed
小題2:Living things die in a lake or river because there is no ________.
A．waterB．fishC．PoisonD．oxygen
小題3:The underlined word “waterproof” in the third paragraph means “         ”.
A．full of waterB．not allowing water to go through
C．covered with waterD．cleaned by water
小題4:Which of the following things is /are harmful according to the passage？
A．Industrial waste and chemicalsB．Water in the river
C．Coal and woodD．plastic

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A

試題分析：由于污染使得美加邊境的伊利湖現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)失去了很多生物。水污染不僅僅是殺死大量的魚類。還有很多的浮游生物和植物，然后是水鳥和其他生物。因為污水和工業(yè)廢棄物沒有經(jīng)過適當?shù)奶幚砭瓦M入河流湖泊和海洋，導致很多動植物因缺氧、中毒而亡。如果現(xiàn)在采取正確的措施，還可以挽救一些河流湖泊。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話可知，植物先死亡，但是人們并沒有注意。當魚和鳥因吃了被污染的食物而死亡時，人們才開始注意。所以選B。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 倒數(shù)第二句可知，污水使所有水里的生命不能得到他們需要的氧氣而死亡。所以選D（氧氣）。
小題3:詞義推測題。根據(jù)第三段中waterproof所在的句子和常識的理解可知，污水含有去油的功能的洗滌劑，而鳥的羽毛自身有油脂才不能浮在水面上。所以選B（防水的）。
小題4:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，工業(yè)污水含有很多的化學物質(zhì)，更有害。選A（工業(yè)廢棄物和化學物質(zhì)）。
考點: 環(huán)保類閱讀。
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We all make excuses.
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