When several different people look at the same person，it's not unusual for each of them to see different things；when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times，you may see different things.The following are but some of the factors that lead to these changing perceptions(感知認可)．
(1)Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education，and personal experiences.
(2)Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.It is not necessarily true that person's perception is based on observations of a particular person.Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person；or you may focus (聚集)primarily on the situation or role relationship.Most people do not use the same yardstick(標準)to measure their parents，their friends and strangers.
(3)Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs，desires，or temporary emotional states.This is a process known as selective perception.Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的)information is particularly obvious，but it can be done.We can ignore(忽視)the “stimulus”．He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.
We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information—All kids(孩子)get into mischief(頑皮)．Taking a book from the bookstore isn't such a big deal.“We can change the meaning of the contradictory information.” It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.
小題1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.
A．the abilities of one's auditory (聽覺的)and visual (視覺的)sensors
B．cultural background and personal experiences
C．experiences one learns from others
D．critical measures taken by other people
小題2:While observing a particular person，________.
A．one is likely to take all aspects(方面)to consideration
B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C．children often differ from grown?ups in perception
D．one tends to choose certain cues(提示)to look for
小題3:Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because ________.
A．their measuring yardsticks are not the same
B．either of them may be slow to catch information
C．the time for observation is not long enough
D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A

小題1:答案　B　[事實細節(jié)題。第二段已明確給出答案。]
小題2:答案　D　[事實細節(jié)題。第三個factor中的第一句話說明了問題。]
小題3:答案　A　[事實細節(jié)題。由第二個factor 中的最后一句話可知。]
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

WASHINGTON, March 14 (Xinhua) —U.S. President Barack Obama confirmed on Saturday at the White House that China can have confidence in the American economy.
“Not just the Chinese government, but every investor can have absolute confidence in the soundness of investments in the United States,” Obama said.
“There is a reason why even in the midst of this economic downfall you have seen actual increases in investment flows here in the U. S.,”he said.
Obama also noted the U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry “front and center” at the upcoming Group of 20 Summit (峰會) in London ,ending an argument between the Europe and the United States over whether more focus should be placed on financial regulatory reform.
Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier Friady he is “a little bit worried ”about the safety of Chinese assets (財產(chǎn)) in the United States ,urging the U. S. government to ensure the security of those assets.
China has invested its huge foreign exchangereserves (外匯儲備) in low-risk but low-yield assets ,such as U. S.government bonds (政府債券) ,to play it safe . According to the U.S. Treasury, China held 681.9 billion U.S. dollars  worth of U.S. government bonds as of November.
“China is indeed the largest creditor of the United States, which is the world’ s biggest economy .We are extremely interested in developments in the U. S. economy.”said Wen, adding that he is expecting the effect of the measures taken by the U.S.government to counter the global financial crisis.
Asked to react to Wen’ s concern, Lawrence Summers, director of the U.S. National Economic Council, noted on Friday that the U.S. will be sound steward (管家)of the money it invests.
“This is a commitment that the president has made very clear—we need to be sound stewards of the money we invest.”said Summers in a speech at the Brookings Institution, a leading think tank in the united states.
小題1:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao expressed his worry about the huge fund to the United States.
B．Obama claimed that China can have confidence in the American economy.
C．Obama said that the U. S. would be “sound stewards of the money we invest.”
D．The U. S. will push for stricter regulation of the financial industry.
小題2:It can most likely be inferred from the passage that          .
A．the U. S. is now having great difficulty improving the economy.
B．China will have confidence in Obama forever according to Wen’s speech
C．China held 681.9 billion U.S. dollars worth of U.S.government bonds as of November
D．China will do its best to help the U.S. overcome the global financial crisis.
小題3: Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier Friday he is “a little bit worried”, because       .
A．he doesn’t have confidence in America’ s economy at all
B．China lent a huge fund to the United States
C．he is concerned about the security of China’s assets in the U. S.
D．the U.S. refused to ensure the security of China’s assets
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A．loudnessB．safetyC．richnessD．friendship

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
小題1:According to the writer, in the beginning, If rights were mainly of use to ______.
A．those creating music, art and literatureB．novelists
C．engineers and inventorsD．those not receiving financial reward for their work
小題2:What do we know about the internet according to the passage?
A．It makes IP rights harder to protect.B．It sells songs and films.
C．It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.D．It prevents the production of artwork.
小題3:According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?
A．Intellectual property rights.B．The Internet.
C．Free downloadingD．The large number of songs, films and books.
小題4:A possible title for this passage could be ______.
A．A History of IP RightsB．Ways to Protect Your IP Rights.
C．The Present and the Future Of IPD．IP Rights and Our Attitudes

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

High-tech machines have made life easier for millions around the world．However, some people still prefer low-tech ways of doing things．Here’s an example of why this is happening．You can microwave a frozen hamburger in 60 seconds．However, it won’t taste as good as one you cook on the stove．And if you’re in that much of a hurry, you probably won’t take time to toast the bun．High-tech cooking saves time, but it doesn’t make for better-tasting meals．
Most people get their news from high-tech sources like television or the Internet．This has many advantages．For example, electronic news is more up to date than newspapers or magazines．It’s also more exciting to see live and videotaped news events than photographs．However, newspapers and magazines have some important advantages．They give more background and details．They also let you read the parts that are important to you and skip the rest．
Other high-tech timesavers have similar disadvantages．For example, most people use the phone or e-mail to stay in touch with friends and family members who live in other places．But when you use the Internet or the phone, you won’t always think carefully about what you are saying, and sometimes you forget the important things you want to communicate．Similarly, when you word-process a homework assignment instead of handwriting it, you can check your spelling electronically and put in fancy headings．However, some students are so busy with the computer that they don’t pay enough attention to the actual words they are writing．
小題1:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?
A．The writer likes high-tech cooking
B．Low-tech cooking produces better-tasting meals．
C．High-tech news programs always keeps you reading what is important to you．
D．Handwritten homework is better than word-processed homework．
小題2:How does the writer feel about high-tech tools?
A．Better late than never．B．Easy come, easy go．
C．Every coin has two sides．D．Learn to walk before you run．
小題3:What is the main subject discussed in the text?
A．High-tech vs low-tech．
B．Advantages vs disadvantages．
C．Newspapers and magazines vs television and the Internet．
D．Word-processing vs handwriting．
小題4:How is the text organized?
A．Main idea-Argument-Explanation
B．Opinion-Discussion-Description
C．Topic-Comparison-Supporting examples．
D．Introduction-Supporting examples-Discussion．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Going green seems to be a fad(時尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2012, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and It also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有機的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
小題1:What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Going GreenB．Protecting the Planet
C．Keeping Open-MindedD．Celebrating Our Green Year
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A．they were expected to follow the green fad
B．they didn’t know how to educate other people
C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy
D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks
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A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.
B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.
C．They chose better chemical cleaners.
D．They sold their home-made food.
小題4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The government will give support to the green project.
B．The couple may continue their project in the future.
C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If there sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced（激發(fā)，引起）, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling（咿呀聲）,grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
小題1:The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick to __________.
A．support his idea B．introduce his topic
C．describe a new findingD．give an example of his theory
小題2:The purpose of Frederick’s experiment was to __________.
A．prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B．discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C．find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D．prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
小題3:The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.
A．they are not able to learn language rapidly
B．they are exposed to too much language at once
C．their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak
D．their mothers are not clever enough to help them
小題4: If a child starts to speak later than others, he will __________ in future.
A．have a high IQB．be less intelligent
C．be insensitive to verbal signalsD．not necessarily be backward
小題5: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．A child is born with the ability to speak.
B．A child’s brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object.
C．A child can produce his own sentences.
D．A child owes his speech ability to good nursing.
小題6: According to the passage, the writer agrees that__________.
A．the infants will certainly die because of lack of language.
B．a(chǎn)ll children learn their language in fixed stages
C．the child’s brain is highly selective
D．insensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child’s language

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）, but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character --- we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
小題1:According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _______.
A．determine one’s behaviorB．reflect one’s taste
C．influence one’s surroundingsD．result from one’s habits
小題2:Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D．One buys latte out of love of coffee.
小題3:What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships.
小題4:What does the author mainly discusses in the passage?
A．Personalities and attitudes.B．Preferences and habits.
C．Behavior and personalities.D．Attitudes and preferences.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Choosing the Right Resolution (決定)
Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight --- the output, we need to control what we eat --- the input ( 輸入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I’ll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I’ll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives (激勵) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer’s conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not knoe how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it’s easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.
If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don’t stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.
小題1:The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _______ .
A．it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B．it is focused too much on the result
C．it is dependent on too many things
D．it is based on actionable decisions
小題2:In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because ______ .
A．they obeyed all the general rules
B．they paid more attention to exams
C．they were motivated by their classmates
D．they were rewarded for reading some books
小題3:According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?
A．“I’ll give up desert.”
B．“I’ll study harder.”
C．“I’ll cut down my expense”
D．“I’ll spend more time with my family”
小題4:The writer strongly believes that we should ________ .
A．develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B．be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C．pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D．set ambitious goals that can balance the input ang output

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sure，it's good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.
And yes，it's good to get along well with your teacher because，in general，it's smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you'll meet throughout your life.
In fact，kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more，but they're more comfortable about asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and do their best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school issues.
Here is a question：what if you don't get along well with your teachers? In fact，teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn.But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(個性沖突)，which can happen between any two people.If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.By dealing with a problem like this，you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you.
However，if a certain teacher isn't your favorite，you can still have a successful relationship with him or her，especially________.Here are some of those responsibilities：
Attend class ready to learn.
Be prepared for class with the right pencils，books，and completed assignments.
Listen when your teacher is talking.
Do your best，whether it's a classroom assignment，homework，or a test.
小題1:The passage is written for________.
A．teachersB．a(chǎn)dvisersC．studentsD．parents
小題2:According to the passage，getting along well with your teachers will make you________.
A．get the best scores in the exams
B．have more pleasant time in the classroom
C．have no problems with study
D．get a better seat in the classroom
小題3:The underlined word “that” in the fourth paragraph refers to________.
A．getting along very well with classmates
B．the disappearance of personality differences
C．a(chǎn) better relationship between you and your teacher
D．the happy time you have in the classroom
小題4:“________” can be filled in the blank.
A．if you fulfill your basic responsibilities as a student
B．if you are easy­going and helpful
C．if you know some basic social skills
D．if you are thought of as a good student

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