Question

【題目】Floods are second only to fire as the most common of all natural disasters.They occur almost everywhere in the world,resulting in widespread damage and even death.Consequently,scientists have long tried to perfect their ability to predict floods.So far,the best that scientists can do is to recognize the potential for flooding in certain conditions. There are a number of conditions,from deep snow on the ground to human error,which cause flooding.

When deep snow melts it creates a large amount of water.Although deep snow alone rarely causes floods,when it occurs together with heavy rain and sudden warmer weather it can lead to serious flooding.If there is a fast snow melt on top of frozen or very wet ground,flooding is more likely to occur than when the ground is not frozen.Frozen ground or ground that is very wet cannot absorb the additional water created by the melting snow.Melting snow also contributes to high water levels in rivers and streams.

Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead to flooding.When ice begins to melt,the surface of the ice cracks and breaks into large pieces.These pieces of ice move and float down the river,They can form a dam in the river,causing the water behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstream.If the dam breaks suddenly,then the large amount of water held behind the dam can flood the areas downstream too.

Broken ice dams are not the only dam problems that can cause flooding.When a large human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water collected behind it,the results can be devastating.Dams contain such huge amounts of water behind them that when sudden breaks occur,the great force of the water is like a great tidal wave.The dam waters can travel tens of kilometres,cover the ground in metres of mud and litter,and drown and crush every thing and creature in their path.

Although scientists cannot always predict exactly when floods will occur,they do know a great deal about when floods are probably going to occur.Deep snow,ice-covered rivers,and weak dams are all strong conditions for potential flooding.

【1】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

("P" stands for "Paragraph".)

A. B.

C. D.

【2】Why does frozen ground probably contribute to flooding when deep snow melts?

A. It is likely to form an ice dam.

B. It is too hard for water to run off.

C. It cannot take in more water.

D. It makes the snow melt too quickly.

【3】Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word "devastating" in Paragraph 4?

A. Positive. B. Disappointing.

C. Impressive. D. Damaging.

【4】What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A. How floods come into being. B. Where floods usually occur.

C. Why floods do huge damage. D. How to prevent floods effectively.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，洪水是僅次于火災(zāi)的第二大常見自然災(zāi)害，造成洪水的原因有很多，本文主要從三個方面闡述了造成洪水的原因，一是天氣突然變暖導(dǎo)致深雪融化，加之大雨便可能導(dǎo)致洪水的發(fā)生；二是由于冰封的河水融化，浮冰破裂，導(dǎo)致形成破冰壩，冰壩破裂而引發(fā)洪水；三是由于人造的大壩破裂造成洪水，雖然科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在還不能完全準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測洪水什么時候發(fā)生，但是已經(jīng)從很大程度上可以預(yù)測發(fā)生的可能性了。

【1】結(jié)構(gòu)分析題。第一段“There are a number of conditions,from deep snow on the ground to human error,which cause flooding”為總，第二、三、四段為分，分別從三個方面闡述造成洪水的原因，最后一段“Deep snow,ice-covered rivers,and weak dams are all strong conditions for potential flooding.“總結(jié)全文，所以文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為總-分-總結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Frozen ground or ground that is very wet cannot absorb the additional water created by the melting snow.”，可知冰封的地面不能吸收（absorb=take in）由于冰雪融化而造成的多余的水。故選C。

【3】詞義推測題。根據(jù)“When a large human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water collected behind it,the results can be devastating.”，“devastating”形容的是當(dāng)人造大壩斷裂所造成的后果，結(jié)合上下文分析可知，這可能引發(fā)洪水，所以這個結(jié)果應(yīng)該是“極具破壞性的”。故選D。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“There are a number of conditions,from deep snow on the ground to human error,which cause flooding.”抓住“cause”一詞，意為形成，接著本文從三個方面，“deep snow”、“Broken ice dams”、和“l(fā)arge human-made dam”，分別闡述了洪水形成的原因，故選擇A。