Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.

But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed to serve specific purposes – for example, a liver cell develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.

Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK took a donor windpipe, or trachea, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove the donor’s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold(組織支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo’s windpipe, and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be transplanted into Ms Castillo.

Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.

This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other transplant operations in the future. Scientists also believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, diabetes, burns and so on.

However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from adults but from embryos created in laboratories and which are just a few days old. Many people have religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.

1.This transplant is considered the greatest medical breakthrough because _________.

A．this is the first organ transplant in the whole world

B．the patient is in perfect health after the operation

C．it is the first success with new stem cell technology

D．the stem cells are from an embryo developed in a lab

2.Stem cells are different from the other ceils in the way that __________.

A．they are grown in the lab only

B．they can grow into different types of cell

C．they are designed for a specific purpose

D．they can work in the liver not in the heart

3.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．How Claudia survived in the operation

B．How to remove the cells from the donor’s organ

C．Why stem cells are needed in the transplant

D．How the windpipe is transplanted

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Human bodies always reject transplanted organs even with their own cells

B．The donor’s cells had to be removed because they were unhealthy

C．The transplanted organ was refilled with the stem cells only

D．Claudia will not have to take drugs to prevent rejection.

5.Which word can best describe the scientists’ attitude towards the stem cell technology?

A．controversial                          B．confident

C．conservative (保守的)                    D．critical

 

【答案】

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.D

5.B

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述的是干細(xì)胞移植的問題，在文章中作者舉例說明干細(xì)胞移植的好處，在最后也提出了干細(xì)胞移植會(huì)遇見的困難。

1.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段1,2行Surgeons in Spain have successfully carried out the world’s first organ transplant using new stem cell technology.說明這是第一次成功的使用干細(xì)胞技術(shù)的移植。故C項(xiàng)正確。

2.B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段最后2行But stem cells are different. They are very young, and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cell.說明這種細(xì)胞和別的細(xì)胞不一樣，是因?yàn)樗荛L(zhǎng)成不同種類的細(xì)胞，故B正確。

3.D 段落大意題。本段是舉例說明干細(xì)胞移植的一次成功的經(jīng)歷，通過這次經(jīng)歷的描述告訴我們the windpipe是怎么樣被移植的。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.D 推理題。根據(jù)文章第4段前4行Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejection. But by using Ms Castillo’s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ.說明Ms Castillo不需要再服用藥物，故D正確。

5.B 態(tài)度意圖題。從作者對(duì)干細(xì)胞移植的好處的描述可以看出他還是比較樂觀的，雖然干細(xì)胞移植有點(diǎn)困難，但是不會(huì)阻止它的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。故B項(xiàng)正確。

考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀

點(diǎn)評(píng)：科普類短文最大的障礙是詞匯以及考生對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容的不熟悉，需要考生在閱讀的時(shí)候有足夠的耐心。要養(yǎng)成在上下文串聯(lián)中猜測(cè)詞義的能力，根據(jù)上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞，以及詞義的解釋來理解生詞。同時(shí)要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影響。要根據(jù)題目及選項(xiàng)以及文章的上下文串聯(lián)合理的判斷推理

 

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