Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study at Brunel University.
The research, which followed 200 students for four years, found that women consistently outperformed men in their studies even though they had started their courses with almost identical A-level grades.
An analysis of the results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of male graduates did as well. Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research showed that trend continued at university.
Fiona Smith, who led the research, said, “The research shows that the difference has something to do with schools in general.”
“It also shows something about the inequality for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receive less pay.”
The research found that female students were more faithful, less likely to miss lectures, and more likely to believe that their marks reflected their abilities than male students. Female students were also more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors.
Women were also more likely to choose their universities because they liked the courses offered.
In contrast, men were more likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “l(fā)aziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.
Generally, people think that women’s success comes from more emphasis on coursework, but the research showed that female geographers at Brunel did better in their exams than in their coursework.
Dr Smith said, “Most women feel that getting good grades is the most important part of university life. They believe that they need to work harder in order to compete in the male-dominated (男性主導(dǎo)的) environment they will encounter at work. Good grades are viewed as an ‘insurance policy’ for success. Men, on the other hand, prefer going out and playing sports to academic work.”
“This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.
小題1:The research at Brunel University showed that women ________.
A．did worse than men both at school and at university
B．got better grades than men
C．paid little attention to their courses
D．often missed classes
小題2:Which of the following about men is TRUE according to the passage?
A．They work as hard as women.
B．They spend as much time on courses as women.
C．They play a lot more than women.
D．They consider good grades to be an “insurance policy” for success.
小題3:We can infer from the results of the research that ________.
A．women do better both at school and at university
B．female students are more likely to ask for and receive support from their professors
C．compared with men, women are in an unfavorable condition in the male-dominated world
D．it’s easier for women to get rises in pay and promotion
小題4:The main purpose of the research is to _________.
A．give the government some advice on higher education
B．show us some information about higher education
C．show the sex difference in higher education
D．make all students work hard and realize the importance of higher education

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:D

試題分析：文萊大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查說(shuō)明女性在大學(xué)更加刻苦，成績(jī)比男性更好，因?yàn)榕砸谶@個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，必須要有好的成績(jī)，這個(gè)研究的目的是讓所有的學(xué)生努力，并意識(shí)到高等教育的重要性。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study at Brunel University. 可知文萊大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查說(shuō)明女性在大學(xué)更加刻苦，成績(jī)比男性更好，選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第八段的句子：In contrast, men were more likely than women to miss lectures due to “other affairs” and “l(fā)aziness”, and to believe that playing sports was an important part of university life.可知男性比女性要玩得多，選C。
小題3:推理題：從第五段的句子：It also shows something about the inequality for working women in terms of pay and promotion. Women work harder at school, harder at university, and do better at both, but they still receive less pay.”可知在男性主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)，婦女處于不利的地位，選C。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：“This research shows how important it is to get all young people working hard and teach them the value of higher education,” he said.可知這個(gè)研究的目的是讓所有的學(xué)生努力，并意識(shí)到高等教育的重要性，選D。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You have some great ideas. But they don’t come out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses(天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldn’t be one of them. But actually, this is not true at all.
Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. If you don’t learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless. On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you develop your own personal style of creative thinking?
You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the world’s biggest and fastest computer. So it’s important to get as much information as you can every day. Read, watch and listen to everything around you —good and bad. The more you know, the more you’ll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised.
Try something new every day and let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you. You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒適地帶) more and more each day.
Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your "limits" from today. You’ll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures. Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.
小題1:Most people can’t be creative geniuses because they _______.
A．don’t have great ideas
B．don’t want to develop their ideas
C．a(chǎn)re too shy to talk about their ideas
D．don’t believe they can be
小題2:The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph means ________.
A．creative thinkingB．the muscleC．personal styleD．great capacity
小題3:What do we learn from the passage?
A．No computer can store as much information as human’s brain.
B．It is not necessary to remember everything around you.
C．Try something new, as long as you are comfortable with it.
D．It is harder to exercise the brain than the muscles
小題4:The passage is intended to tell readers _________.
A．how they can learn from creative geniuses
B．a(chǎn)bout ways to develop their creative thinking
C．a(chǎn)bout the importance of exercising the muscles
D．the reasons why they can’t be creative geniuses

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How can we measure animals’ emotions? A new study of animal’s emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.
An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者）will develop a negative emotion or “mood”, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.
The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a “pessimistic” response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit from a more “optimistic” response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(獵物）.
Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, “ We can use “optimistic” or “pessimistic”decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.”
“Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,” Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.
小題1:When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.
A．its response to an unclear event is pessimistic
B．it will pay little attention to an unclear event
C．it is easy for it to make right decisions
D．it has more opportunities to get food
小題2:The underlined word “meritorious” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.
A．valuableB．uselessC．fashionableD．hopeless
小題3:We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．the animals with positive emotions live longer
B．there is no way to assess an animal’s emotions
C．few people care about animal welfare nowadays
D．the environment can influence animal’s emotions
小題4:Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animal’s emotions in order to _____.
A．tell people to build more protected areas for animals
B．explain animals should be regarded as people’s friends
C．raise people’s interest in studying animals
D．make people know how to treat animals properly
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Different kinds of Animals’ Emotions
B．Emotions Helps Animals to Make Choice
C．The Living Environment of Wild Animals
D．The Best Way to Measure Animals’ Emotions

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons.
Some animals become endangered when their habitats contain resources for humans. For example, commercial forest cutting in the Amazon Rainforest has seriously reduced the population of many animal species and lead to the extinction of other groups. Land itself is an important resource to humans since it provides us with living space, and when people replace animal habitats with human habitats, it can lead to larger loss of natural species.
Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment. Due to water pollution, the baiji, a fresh water dolphin native to China, was declared extinct, meaning it’s unlikely the population can recover. Even noise pollution from human activities can lead to the disorder of animal behavior.
Another cause that makes animals become endangered is over-fishing or over-hunting. Over-hunting whales led to near extinction of many species of whales.
The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered. The native species may not defend against a new one, and the effects can be dangerous. In Australia, the introduction of the common house cat led to the extinction of the red-fronted parakeet and has seriously damaged the populations of several small animals.
Introduced species can also bring new diseases with them. As a result, animals become endangered. Native animals may not have the power to fight against non-native diseases, and population levels can suffer. Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals. The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction.
When animals become endangered, the entire food chain can be affected. For example, in 2008 disease seriously harmed the honeybee, which is largely responsible for pollinating(授花粉)  plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Without their pollination, a very large part of the human diet could be reduced. In fact, if the honeybee should become extinct, our life would be affected and billions of dollars would be lost. Therefore, many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man’s own self-interest to protect them.
小題1:The passage is mainly about ______.
A．ways of protecting animals’ habitats
B．effects caused by species endangerment
C．dangers of bringing in non-native species
D．reasons why animals become endangered
小題2:Which of the following examples shows that environmental pollution may cause species endangerment?
A．The extinction of the whales.
B．The extinction of the red-fronted parakeet.
C．The decreasing population of the dolphin.
D．The effect of the honeybee on the human diet.
小題3:Why is it dangerous to introduce a non-native species to a habitat?
A．Native species are likely to die from the new diseases.
B．It’s hard for non-native species to survive.
C．Non-native species will take up more space.
D．Native species are so powerful for non-native species.
小題4:The California Condor is in danger of dying out because of ______.
A．loss of habitatB．harmful chemicals
C．forest cuttingD．unfamiliar diseases
小題5:We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A．humans are to blame for species extinction
B．small animals mean little to the whole food chain
C．protection of the honeybee has cost billions of dollars
D．humans protect animals for the benefit of themselves

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s the dirty little secret many shampoo companies don’t want you to know.  When you wash your hair with certain traditional chemical shampoos, you may actually be removing your hair and scalp（頭皮）of their natural oils.  These shampoos generate a thick bubble to clean hair, they can also create dryness, curl, dullness, and color fade. We then spend a lot of time and money on products that are effectively repairing the damage caused by shampoo.
Chaz Dean got tired of clients leaving his salon raving about their color and the feeling of their hair---brassy（似黃銅的） and dull. He knew the main cause was likely their shampoo, so he started experimenting with various ingredients, including natural herbs and botanicals, that he knew had cleansing（弄干凈）and hydrating (保濕的) properties.
The result was a totally new approach to the way we cleanse our hair.  It’s called WEN® Cleansing Conditioner.  WEN® contains a super-hydrating natural herbs and botanicals mixture of glycerin, chamomile(甘菊), rosemary, calendula, and Cherry bark, which when combined, will both cleanse the hair as well as give shine and softness, even to damaged hair.
WEN® is a 5-in-1 formula（配方） that takes the place of your shampoo, And the most amazing thing about it is that it cleanses without bubble.  Instead, when mixed with water, it creates a smooth bubble for shiny, healthy-looking, manageable results.  The first time you try it certainly feels strange, but the results speak for themselves.
Before being marketed, WEN® went through extensive consumer tests, and the results were impressive.  More than 90 percent of the participants in the studies reported that their hair was more shiny, less frizzy, and had more bounce.
WEN® is recommended for all hair types, and once you start using it, it will become the only cleanser/conditioner you will want to include in your daily routine.
Right now, WEN® is offering an easy way for online shoppers to try the product.  Now you just pay less than $30 and have a 60 day money back guarantee if you are not completely satisfied. Click here to learn more about WEN® and try this revolutionary new approach yourself.
小題1:We can infer from the first paragraph that _________________
A．All the shampoo companies are irresponsible.
B．Few traditional shampoos depend on chemicals for cleaning.
C．WEN® does harm to people’s hair.
D．It takes much time and money to repair hair damaged by shampoo.
小題2:What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “ raving about”(in para.2)?
A．smiling satisfactorily atB．shouting angrily for
C．crying excitedly forD．sighing silently at
小題3:Which is right according to the passage?
A．WEN® contains natural herbs and botanicals.
B．You cann’t use WEN® without bubble.
C．WEN® hasn’t been tested before selling.
D．WEN® is accessible only online.
小題4:Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Why are shampoos a waste of money B．Why do we need shampoos
C．WEN® is your best choice.D．WEN® has good guarantee
小題5:Where does the passage come from ?
A．magazineB．websiteC．newspaperD．text

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We are always told that TV is not good for us. If it is true, how come the TV-addicted kids of our young generation nowadays are much smarter than we are? In my family, the only persons who can work the TV remote control well are the children.
Probably TV really educates us. For example, we can learn a very useful medical fact: A man that has been shot always has time to speak a broken sentence when he is dying. “The killer was…” (dies)
But I suppose the biggest things that we learn from TV can be regarded as “Life Skills”. Bad things simply happen on either stormy or dark nights. Emotional breakdowns make people wander in the heavy rain without raincoats or umbrellas. And contrary to the scientists, the crack of lightning and the accompanying flash come on at exactly the same time, wherever the scenes are.
I’ve even got to know useful geographical facts from science-fiction shows: Aliens only speak the language of English no matter which planet they come from.
To make good use of something that we learn from TV can make our security better. Consider these truths. When you are really attacked by 20 bad guys, you needn’t worry about your being outnumbered. The criminals will hang back and take turns to approach you in ones and twos just so you can conveniently defeat them all. Bad guys who are completely covered in black clothes always remove their black masks to reveal that they are in fact, aha, women.
TV often teaches us a lot of important information as well about escaping from danger. Watch and learn. (1) If anyone is running after you down a passage, you will find that boxes have been conveniently placed near all the walls you need to jump over. (2) If you are tall and handsome, you can run from any number of armed criminals, and every shot will miss you.
Be warned, however, if your name card says “henchman” (幫兇) and you are part of a group of plain-looking people trying to catch a handsome individual, a single shot will kill you. But don’t be anxious: TV also delivers useful information for bad guys. All cars are inflammable (易燃的) and have amazing shock absorbers that enable them to fly into the air and land without damage — except police cars.
TV even teaches us about TV. Whenever anyone turns on a TV, it shows a news flash about someone they know. They then turn the box off immediately after that news item.
小題1: When the writer says “A man that has been shot always has time to speak a broken sentence when he is dying” (Paragraph 2), he shows his________.
A．humorB．sympathyC．deep concernD．medical knowledge
小題2: We can learn from Paragraph 3 that in the real world________.
A．bad things cause people to break down in the rain
B．bad things never happen on dark and stormy nights
C．people with emotional problems like to walk in the rain without umbrellas
D．you can’t hear the crack of lightning and see the accompanying flash exactly at the same time
小題3: On TV what usually happens when a person turns it on?
A．The program shown is always about the importance of TV.
B．The person always turns off the TV when it’s time for news.
C．The news shown is always about someone the person knows.
D．TV always shows news about famous people.
小題4: What’s the main idea of this passage?
A．Life skills can be learned from TV.
B．What happens in TV is quite different from reality.
C．Watching TV makes people more creative.
D．TV plays an important role in society.
小題5: The writer of this passage takes a(n) ________ attitude towards TV plays.
A．positiveB．casualC．negativeD．indifferent

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you don’t raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well—balanced personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You’re usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get sad. You always insist on what you think even if it makes people rather angry.
小題1:According to the passage, a person, who is not willing to change his mind and hard to deal with, probably sleeps           .
A．on his sideB．on his backC．curled upD．on his stomach
小題2:If a person prefers to sleep curled up rather than on his back, he may be well content to    .
A．do things personally.B．stay alone
C．keep things secretD．trust others easily
小題3:Which of the following people, in the author’s opinion, most likely have personalities opposite to each other ?
A．The people sleeping on their stomachs and those sleeping on his backs.
B．The people sleeping on their sides and those sleeping curled up.
C．The people sleeping on their backs and those sleeping on their sides.
D．The people sleeping curled up and those sleeping on their stomach.
小題4:What the author mainly intends to tell us is that            .
A．one’s sleeping position has something to do with one’s character.
B．everyone has got both real and secret personalities.
C．the position in which one goes to sleep is the most important one.
D．when awake, one does not show one’s secret personality.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As people in Beijing and northern China struggle with severe air pollution this winter,the toxic(有毒的)air is also making life hard for plants and even food crops of China．
"in the last 50 years there has been a 1 6-fold increase in ozone(臭氧)pollution”in the Beijing area，said Hanqin Tian of Auburn University in Alabama,who studies the effects of China's pollution and climate change on plants．
Ozone is particularly harmful to plants because it damages the pores(氣孔)  on leaves，called stomata,which plants use to regulate how much water evaporates from the leaves．That，in turn，affectS how much water a plant must take up through its roots．Changes in water uptake by plants have been documented in other parts of the world，including the United States，as having major impacts on regional groundwater and surface water supplies．
In studies of the long-term productivity of plants，Hanqin Tian and some of his colleagues show that ozone pollution,along with climate change，has been lowering plant productivity in China,which reduces the amount of carbon and other pollutants that the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels．
The worst effects on plants are likely to be in areas where the growing pollution problem is just fairly new, said Arthur Chappelka, also a plant researcher at Auburn University．Some plants are more resistant to pollutants than others，he said，and the plants that are living today in long-polluted urban areas are likely to be only those that are very pollution tolerant．
Away from the cities, however, where crops are necded to feed China’s yast population, the effeets of the growing pollution on crops is a significant concern.
“In some ways it affects the crop production and food securiy of China,”said Hanqin Tian.“Air quality is really important for human health, plants and ecosystem and sustainability.”
The problem is bound to get worse as China continues to develop economically, he said, and so he and other researchers continue to urge the Chinese government to take action to reduce emissions from cars and industries.
小題1:ozone does harm to plants mainly by ________.
A．exposing them to strong sunlight
B．damaging the structure of their leaves
C．a(chǎn)dding more pores to the roots
D．making the land unfit for the plants to grow
小題2:Which of the following statement does Hanqin Tian support?
A．Ozone pollution has increased 1 6 times in the past 30 years．
B．Ozone pollution has lowered plant productivity alone．
C．Plants can take in a large amount of carbon and other pollutants．
D．The toxic air has few effects on food supply in China．
小題3:What Can we infer from the passage?   
A．Healthy foods are not available in Beijing．
B．Some kinds of plants aren’t affected by air pollution．
C．Crops in China are hard to feed its large population．
D．People should stop developing economically
小題4:According to the passage，the Chinese govemment should
A．care more about developing economy
B．reduce the number of cars and industries
C．continue to make more researches
D．take measures to reduce carbon emissions
小題5:What′S the best title of the passage?
A．Polluted air damages plants and crops
B．Air pollution is becoming more serious
C．China’s air pollution and climate changes
D．Food security in China

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate (引起，導(dǎo)致) the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundreds--- even thousands--- of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise (逆時(shí)針?lè)较? motion.
The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months.
Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.
小題1:When is an ordinary tropical storm called a hurricane?
A．When it begins in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas.
B．When it hits he coastline.
C．When it is more than 75 mils wide.
D．When its winds reach 75 miles per hour.
小題2:What is the worst thing about hurricane?
A．The destructive effects of water.
B．The heat they release.
C．That they last about nine days on the average.
D．Their strong winds.
小題3:The counter-clockwise swirling of the hurricane is brought about by           .
A．the low-pressure area in the center of the storm
B．the force of waves of water.
C．the trade winds
D．the increasing heat
小題4:Apparently the word “downpour” in the fourth paragraph means           .
A．heavy rainfall
B．dangerous waves
C．the progress of water to the hurricane center
D．the increasing heat

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案