In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房東) can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartment. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.

Some experts argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.

Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.

Economic theory predicts the results of economic decision, such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be corrected only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.

1.There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may________.

A．cause a shortage of apartments

B．worry those who rent apartments as homes.

C．increase the profits of landlords.

D．encourage landlords to invest in building apartments.

2.We can safely say that rent control_________.

A．will always benefit those who rent apartments.

B．is unnecessary.

C．will probably bring inactive effects in the long run.

D．is necessary under all conditions

3.There will be the problem of unemployment if ________________.

A．the minimum wage is set too high..

B．the minimum wage is set too early.

C．the workers are unskilled.

D．the maximum wage is set for poor workers.

4.The passage tells us about _______________.

A．the relationship between supply and demand.

B．the possible results of government controls.

C．the necessity of government control.

D．the urgency of getting rid of government control.

5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted.

B．Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.

C．Economic theory can help predict the results of economic decision if other factors are not changing.

D．Economists usually have the same prediction about an economic decision.

 

【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.D

【解析】文章討論的是政府控制經(jīng)濟(jì)的可能結(jié)果。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.可知A正確。

2.推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容可知限制租賃價(jià)格會(huì)帶來(lái)一系列的影響，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看會(huì)導(dǎo)致公寓數(shù)量的不足，以及一些其他的不夠積極的影響。

3.推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知如果設(shè)立的最低工資過(guò)高，會(huì)讓企業(yè)不去雇傭更多的人，或者借助于機(jī)器。那樣就會(huì)有更多的人失業(yè)。故A正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章討論的是政府控制的可能結(jié)果。

5.推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Economists do not agree on some of the predictions.可知這兩者的預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)常是不一樣的。故D正確。

 

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