Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
【小題1】What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?
| A．Over nutrition. | B．Obesity. | C．Unbalance diets. | D．Junk food. |
| A．Positive feelings about food. | B．High calorie of junk food. |
| C．Nice taste. | D．Eating habits. |
| A．quick | B．useful | C．easy to change | D．easy to get |
| A．children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age |
| B．early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life |
| C．easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants |
| D．restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home |
| A．Stop children drinking sugary drinks |
| B．Drink water to eat more healthy |
| C．Change eating habits to lose weight |
| D．Eat healthy food at home |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
【小題4】B
【小題5】B
解析試題分析：本文論述了現(xiàn)在有很多人是過于肥胖，它很有可能引起一些疾病的發(fā)生。經(jīng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖的發(fā)生跟人們的飲食習(xí)慣有很大的關(guān)系。文章最后指出為了吃的更加健康吃飯時應(yīng)喝一些水。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.肥胖有可能導(dǎo)致一些疾病，故選B。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination.這是年輕時養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣引起的，故選D。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.故選D
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)hat early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. 早期的飲食可能對后來的生活有很大的影響，故選B。
【小題5】標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.故選B。
考點：健康保健類短文閱讀。
點評：文章標(biāo)題是文章的點睛之筆。標(biāo)題歸納題在英語閱讀理解題中屬深層理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確把握文章大意及作者的寫作意圖。一般說來，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性、針對性、簡潔性三個突出特點。其中概括性，是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大程度地覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題；針對性，是指標(biāo)題的含義要直接指向文章的主要特點；而簡潔性，則是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)言簡意賅，能吸引讀者的注意力，并喚起讀者對文章的閱讀興趣等。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：
We do not know exactly how many whales there are in the sea because we can’t count them. But we believe at the beginning of the eighteenth century there were 105,000 humpback whales and 120,000 right whales. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were 75,000 humpbacks and 80,000 rights.
Since 1900 their numbers have fallen very quickly. Between 1935 and 1950 the number of humpbacks fell from 20,000 to 10,000 and since 1950 the number has fallen to only 6,000. The number of right whales has fallen even faster. In 1935 there were 25,000. The number fell to 6,000 in 1950 and since 1950 the number has fallen to 4,000. Men have always been hunters. Thousands of whales have become victims(犧牲品). It’s time to do something to protect whales.
Which of the following is true?
A. We know the exact number of whales in the sea.
B. It’s easy for us to count whales in the sea.
C. We find it impossible to count whales in the sea.
D. We don’t want to know how many whales there are in the sea.
The number of right whales has fallen _______.
A. more slowly than that of humpback whales
B. faster than that of humpback whales
C. as slowly as that of humpback whales
D. as fast as that of humpback whales
The passage is mainly about _______.
A. the number of humpback whales
B. the number of right whales
C. hunting whales
D. the necessity of protecting whales
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：
We do not know exactly how many whales there are in the sea because we can’t count them. But we believe at the beginning of the eighteenth century there were 105,000 humpback whales and 120,000 right whales. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were 75,000 humpbacks and 80,000 rights.
Since 1900 their numbers have fallen very quickly. Between 1935 and 1950 the number of humpbacks fell from 20,000 to 10,000 and since 1950 the number has fallen to only 6,000. The number of right whales has fallen even faster. In 1935 there were 25,000. The number fell to 6,000 in 1950 and since 1950 the number has fallen to 4,000. Men have always been hunters. Thousands of whales have become victims(犧牲品). It’s time to do something to protect whales.
Which of the following is true?
A. We know the exact number of whales in the sea.
B. It’s easy for us to count whales in the sea.
C. We find it impossible to count whales in the sea.
D. We don’t want to know how many whales there are in the sea.
The number of right whales has fallen _______.
A. more slowly than that of humpback whales
B. faster than that of humpback whales
C. as slowly as that of humpback whales
D. as fast as that of humpback whales
The passage is mainly about _______.
A. the number of humpback whales
B. the number of right whales
C. hunting whales
D. the necessity of protecting whales
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011年湖南省普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (優(yōu)先)for conservation purpose .”
【小題1】
One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.
| A．the Asian elephant | B．the forest elephant |
| C．the savanna elephant | D．the mastodon elephant |
| A．evolution | B．exhibition | C．separation | D．examination |
| A．DNA | B．height | C．weight | D．population |
| A．The conversation of African elephants. |
| B．The purpose of studying African elephants |
| C．The way to divide African elephants into two units |
| D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants |
| A．Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants. | B．Amazing Experiment about Elephants |
| C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants | D．A Long scientific Debate about Elephants |
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Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
1.What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?
A．Over nutrition. B．Obesity. C．Unbalance diets. D．Junk food.
2.What makes many of us choose junk food according to the author?
A．Positive feelings about food. B．High calorie of junk food.
C．Nice taste. D．Eating habits.
3.The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means”_________”.
A．quick B．useful C．easy to change D．easy to get
4.From Paragraph5, we know that __________.
A．children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age
B．early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life
C．easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants
D．restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home
5.Which would be the best title for this text?
A．Stop children drinking sugary drinks
B．Drink water to eat more healthy
C．Change eating habits to lose weight
D．Eat healthy food at home
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語 來源：2011年湖南省招生統(tǒng)一考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species
The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephant
Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.
The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.
There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the elephants’ significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.
Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (優(yōu)先)for conservation purpose .”
1.
One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.
A. the Asian elephant B. the forest elephant
C. the savanna elephant D. the mastodon elephant
2.
The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4means “________”
A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination
3.
The researcher’s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant’s ____________
A. DNA B. height C. weight D. population
4.
What were Alfred Roca’s words mainly about?
A. The conversation of African elephants.
B. The purpose of studying African elephants
C. The way to divide African elephants into two units
D. The reason for the distinction of African elephants
5.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Naturalist’s Belief about Elephants. B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants
C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants
查看答案和解析>>
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