Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still scolding the disputed refereeing decisions that took victory to their team. A researcher was sent to study the performance of some top referees.

The researcher organized an experimental tournament including four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.

Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkable high number.

The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum distance is about 20 meters.

There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.

1. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was 　　　　　　   .

A. slightly above average

B. higher than in the 1998 World Cup

C. quite unexpected

D. as high as in a standard match

2. The findings of the experiment show that 　　　　　　   .

A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

B. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors

C. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occur

D. errors are less likely when a referee staying in one spot

3. The word “officials”(Line 5, Para. 4) most probably refers to 　　　　　　   .

A. the researchers involved in the experiment

B. the inspectors of the football tournament

C. the referees of the football tournament

D. the observers at the site of the experiment

4. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?

A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.

B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.

C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.

D. An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.

 

答案：C;A;C;B
提示：

1. C  數(shù)目是出人意料的。

2. A  參見文章第4段。

3. C  根據(jù)上下文知officials指的是C.

4. B  試驗可能得到的結(jié)論是B.

 


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科目：高中英語 來源：2011屆湖南省長沙市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第五次月考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

The history of nomenclature (命名) in Britain is so old that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began， people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning， usually descriptive， rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.
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【小題1】We can infer from the text that　　　　.

A．the first given names had not any actual meanings
B．people probably had names when there was no written language
C．the history of nomenclature is shorter than written history
D．names began to be used long after there was written language
【小題2】 The underlined word “they” (in Para.3) refers to “　　　　”.
A．Old English namesB．other names
C．names of Germanic originD．names of holy people
【小題3】According to the text， which of the following statements is TRUE？
A．Robert is a Germanic name from the Normans.
B．Church didn’t encourage nomenclature used in the church.
C．Names like Emma and William were the most popular in 1066.
D．Names like Edward and Alfred were French names of Germanic origin.
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(a)People used bynames to differ people with the same given names.
(b)People chose given names from the pool of existing names.
(c)Bynames started out as specific to a person.
(d)Surnames became popular with common people.
(e)Surnames were taken down from father to son in noble families.
A．b-a-e-c-dB．a(chǎn)-b-c-d-eC．a(chǎn)-b-c-e-dD．b-a-c-e-d
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C．Descriptive， Meaningful and Germanic
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第二節(jié)（共8小題；每小題1分，滿分8分）
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Night after night，she came to tuck me in，even long after my childhood years．Following her longstanding custom，she'd lean down and push my long hair out of the way，then kiss my forehead．

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1．What would be the best title for the text ?

A．Mother's Hands        B．Appreciation for Mother．

C．My Childhood Years．  D．My Unselfish Mother．

2. The author began to get annoyed because—

A．her mother's hands were really old and tough

B．she thought she didn't need her mother's care

C．she didn't like her mother any more

D．her mother stayed in her room too long

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A. With time passing, she began to understand her mother．

B．She was an only child in the family．

C．She never forgave herself．

D．Her mother was a doctor．

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that________

A．children need Mother's kissing     B．mothers kiss their children gently

C．mothers love their children forever  D．children depend on their mothers

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A．the author began to spend nights with her mother

B．her mother  never kissed  author again

C．her mother forgave her at last

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