5.The expression,"everybody's doing it,"is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature,and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others.This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers,or the fear of disapproval,is such a powerful force in many people's lives.It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work,or to answer"fine"when a stranger asks"how are you?"even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this:it helps society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to"keep up with the Joneses."
However,peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.Similarly,it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

71.feeling 72.influences 73.practical 74.unconsciously 75.individuals 76.moral 77.spirit78.habits 79.independent 80.no.

分析 本文講述了"同伴壓力"(peer pressure).
人作為社會(huì)人,總要受到他人的評(píng)價(jià)和認(rèn)同,他人的評(píng)價(jià)和認(rèn)同對(duì)人的行為造成很大的影響.這也可以解釋--為什么有些人在家里的表現(xiàn)和在外面的表現(xiàn)不一樣?在家里可以穿拖鞋很隨意,在外面卻要西裝革履待人接物均符合社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則.
他人的評(píng)價(jià)和社會(huì)認(rèn)同影響著人的日常生活,包括因?yàn)榭吹接行┤速I了車有些人買了房而產(chǎn)生的"攀比心理".家長(zhǎng)也普遍存在"攀比心理",把自己的孩子和別人的孩子比較,對(duì)自己的孩子施加壓力.
同伴的壓力會(huì)讓人失去個(gè)體的判斷力,喪失道德準(zhǔn)則,不辨是非,甚至違法犯罪.
作者建議正確認(rèn)識(shí)"同伴壓力"--在學(xué)校,學(xué)校應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到不恰當(dāng)?shù)耐楦?jìng)爭(zhēng)的危害,保持獨(dú)立,做自己,堅(jiān)持自己的見(jiàn)解,鼓勵(lì)積極的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系,調(diào)整攀比心理.

解答 71.feeling         推理題.根據(jù)文章第一段2,3行it is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.peer pressure(同齡人壓力)是指同齡人的行為會(huì)影響到同一群里另外的年輕人會(huì)有相似的行為.也就是說(shuō)peer pressure會(huì)讓我們有一種強(qiáng)烈的感覺(jué)要做和同伴一樣的事情,所以feeling正確.
72.influences      推理題.根據(jù)第一段2,3行it is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.it can be positive or negative.可知peer pressure對(duì)每個(gè)人都會(huì)有一些,這種影響可能是積極的,也可能是消極的.本句中的influences與前面的works是并列結(jié)構(gòu).
73.practical      歸納總結(jié)題.根據(jù)文章第二段第五行there is a practical aspect to this可知peer pressure會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多現(xiàn)實(shí)的影響,這些影響都是實(shí)際存在的.
74.unconsciously  推理題.根據(jù)文章第三段3,4,5行teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work可知不管是年輕人還是成年人都在不知不覺(jué)中收到同伴的影響.故使用unconsciously表示無(wú)意識(shí)地.
75.individuals   原詞再現(xiàn).根據(jù)第三段第一行for certain individuals可知同伴的壓力對(duì)個(gè)體會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響.
76.moral         推理題.根據(jù)文章第三段2,3,4行in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.可知同伴的壓力會(huì)讓人喪失道德準(zhǔn)則,不辨是非,甚至違法犯罪.本句中的moral指道德的.
77.spirit        推理題.根據(jù)第四段2,3行players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.可知同伴的壓力也有積極的影響,為了幫助自己鎖在的隊(duì)伍獲勝,他們會(huì)養(yǎng)成團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神.故使用名詞spirit.
78.habits         原詞再現(xiàn).根據(jù)第四段3,4行this type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.可知peer pressure可以幫助人們養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣并擯棄一些不好的習(xí)慣.
79.independent   推理題.根據(jù)文章最后一段they teach kids to stand up and be themselves 可知要教會(huì)孩子獨(dú)立,并做真正的自己.
80.no            推理題.根據(jù)最后一段encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.可知要鼓勵(lì)孩子拒絕去做一些他們認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤的事情.句中的decline拒絕轉(zhuǎn)換成say no to.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 議論文類的閱讀需要明確文章的中心思想和寫作意圖,在中心思想和寫作意圖的指導(dǎo)下,尋找依據(jù).此類文章考查了學(xué)生的邏輯推理能力.

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