Question

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.?

A multitude(多數(shù)；大批) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Grapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字的) probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide(自殺). Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力；生命力) and longevity(長(zhǎng)壽).

1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ____.

A．personal health choice help cure most illness

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

2.To “l(fā)ive a completely sedentary life style”（L7, Para.1）in the passage means____.

A．to“l(fā)ive an inactive life”

B．to “l(fā)ive a proper life”

C．to“l(fā)ive a life with complete freedom”

D．to “l(fā)ive a life of evil”

3.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ____.

A．current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B．there are many factors influencing our decisions

C．few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life

D．people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends

4.To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to ____.

A．improving the quality of one’s life

B．limiting one’s personal health choice

C．deliberately ending one’s life

D．breaking the rules of social behavior

5.According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on ____.

A．personal decisions B．society’s laws

C．statistical evidence D．friend’s opinions

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述的是關(guān)于健康行為的個(gè)人選擇觀念是相當(dāng)重要的。

1.D 推斷題。根據(jù)第一段提到An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. 如果能在保健知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上作出有益于身心健康的選擇的話，則90%疾病可預(yù)防，反之亦然，故選D項(xiàng)。

2.A詞意猜測(cè)。上下文有“If we so desire, we can smoke drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want.”所列四項(xiàng)都是具體的日常事情。只有A項(xiàng)與所列 四項(xiàng)同類。而該詞組后緊接著“without exercise”由此分析，A為正確選項(xiàng)。

3.B 推斷題。根據(jù)第一段提到As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.可知青少年可能知道抽煙的危害但在朋友的壓力下認(rèn)為這是社會(huì)性的行為和第二段提到A multitude(多數(shù)；大批) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.很多的因素包括遺傳和環(huán)境會(huì)影響與行為有關(guān)的健康的發(fā)展，這已經(jīng)超過了本文所談?wù)摰姆秶�，因�(yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)影響到任何一個(gè)有關(guān)的人，故選B項(xiàng)。

4.C 推斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字的) probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide他們認(rèn)為故意地沉溺于某種睚統(tǒng)計(jì)概率上會(huì)較高地縮短生命的行為無異于企圖自殺，故選C項(xiàng)。

5.C 推斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力；生命力) and longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)因此，對(duì)于那些想要保持生活的質(zhì)量的人來說，個(gè)人的健康的選擇必須能夠考慮那些在統(tǒng)計(jì)概率上能提高省活力和延長(zhǎng)壽命的行為，故選C項(xiàng)。

考點(diǎn)：科普類閱讀。