2.Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before.But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing:they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure.That's why a new study of French workers is welcome news.
Led by Hugo Westerlund,a professor of psychology at Stockholm University,the study of more than 14,000workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue (疲勞) in people after they got tired while they were still employed.
The scientists followed the employees of the French national gas and electric company for 14years.They found in the year immediately after retirement,the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement.The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.
Clearly,said Westerlund,much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work.The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect,too,which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions (養(yǎng)老金) that French workers enjoy.Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries.
"The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important,"Westerlund says."We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement.But no matter what the reason,if life in retirement is not comfortable,then we won't see the improvements we did."
However,in European nations like France,governments are considering changes to pension plans,which may affect retirees'health after they leave their jobs-with less of a financial safety net,workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

78.According to some recent studies,retired people may have depression and higher rates of other diseases likeheart disease and high blood pressure.
79.Westerlund's group found that in the year just after the retirement most retired French workers felt much less tired bothmentally and physically.
80.What does the word"improvements"in paragraph 5refer to?The decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms.
81.Retirement may make people happier withmore of a financial safety net.

分析 文章大意:大多數(shù)人期望等他們退休時(shí),可以從事以前他們因?yàn)闆](méi)有時(shí)間和精力所追求的事情.而最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明,這些退休的人更有可能患病,比如:抑郁,心脹病,高血壓等.很多退休的面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力,他們退休之后,還需要工作.歐洲一些國(guó)家正考慮改變這一狀況,減少老年退休的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力.

解答 78.heart disease and high blood pressure.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從第一段的句子:they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure.可知答案是heart disease and high blood pressure
79.mentally and physically. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從第三段的句子:he researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period.可知退休的人精神和身體都感到疲勞.mentally and physically
80.The decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.從第五段的句子:"We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement.可知是減少疲勞和壓抑的癥狀:the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms
81.more of a financial safety net 細(xì)節(jié)理解題. 根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,如果一些像法國(guó)那樣的歐洲國(guó)家政府決定改變養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃,削減退休人員的養(yǎng)老金的話,就會(huì)造成以下后果:with less of a financial safety net,workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work.即退休工人在減少財(cái)政安全感的情況下,可能在退休沒(méi)有工作后再也不會(huì)身心愉悅了.也就意味著,只有帶著more of a financial safety net,退休才可能讓人更加幸福.本題答題的關(guān)鍵在于讀懂最后一段,并進(jìn)行逆向思維,將原文中的less改成more.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解題目的題型是客觀的,而閱讀表達(dá)的題型則是主觀的,這不僅需要考生將文章理解,還需要將自己對(duì)文章的理解通過(guò)自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái),而且要受到字?jǐn)?shù)的限制.這就是說(shuō)閱讀理解只是要求學(xué)生將文章及題目中的信息理解了,就能作對(duì)題目,而閱讀表達(dá)不僅要求學(xué)生理解文章和題目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出來(lái),是一種信息的輸出.

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