How to say hello in Japanese depends on when you say it. This is very much like different greetings used in English at different times of the day or night. In Japanese culture, it also depends on whether you are on the phone or meeting somebody or whether you are close to the person you are greeting. We don`t get formal with our close friends. We seldom greet them with “Good morning” or “Good evening”. A “Hi” is enough.

         Although the most popular and most well-known translation for “Hello” is still “Konniqiwa” , it is not exactly how to say hello in Japanese. Perhaps it is not the most suitable word for it. Actually, the correct greeting in English for “Konniqiwa” is “Good day” or “Good noon”, and I am sure you wouldn`t like greeting people with a “Good day” at any time, and neither do Japanese like saying “Konniqiwa” when they want to say “Hello” .

         So what to do? Let`s do it the way the Japanese do. Use “Ohaiyo Gonzaimasu” for “Good morning”, “Konniqiwa” when it`s noon and “Konbanwa” to greet somebody in the afternoon. Things differ when you are on the phone. Just say “Moshi, Moshi”, which is actually similar to saying “Hello” over the phone, because one hardly ever uses “Good morning” or “Good afternoon” or “Good evening” right after picking up the phone. It is invariably the sweet old “Hello”.

         Next time, I`ll tell something about my life in Japan.

51. What’s the best title for this passage?

    A. How to say hello

    B. How to greet close friends in Japanese

C. How to greet people in Japanese

    D. Some differences between English and Japanese

52. Japanese people greet each other by saying “_________” in the afternoon.

    A. Moshi, Moshi         B. Konniqiwa    C. Ohaiyo Gonzaimasu    D. Konbanwa

53. In the writer`s opinion, ___________.

    A. Japanese culture is similar to American culture

    B. Jpanese people don`t like using “Konniqiwa” as a greeting for the whole day

    C. people don`t need to be polite to their close friends

    D. Japanese people are very friendly to each other

54. What does the underlined word “invariably” in the last paragraph mean?

    A. probably         B. always                        C. sometimes       D. likely

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆山東省聊城市高三第一次模擬考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...", what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective:"I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
Another means by which peaple appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
Then there is the general, all-covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that is particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
These pseudo-apologies(假道歉) are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not take these pseudo-apologies.
But even when presented with examples of real apology, childfen still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.  A three-year-old might need help in un- derstanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that destroying the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that
borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.
【小題1】If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ________.

A．the child may find the apology easier to accept
B．the child may feel that he owes her an apology
C． she promises never to do it again
D．she does not realize that the child has been hurt
【小題2】According to the author, saying "I am sorry you are upset" most probably means “_______”
A．You have good reason to get upset
B．I apologize for hurting your feelings
C．I am at fault for making you upset
D．I am aware you are upset, but I am not to blame
【小題3】It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because _______.
A． it is not clear and ineffective
B． it is hurtful and insulting
C． it may make the other person feel faulty
D．it gets one into the habit of making empty promises .
【小題4】We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry_______
A．the complexities involved should be ignored
B．parents need to set them a good example
C．their ages should be taken into account
D．parents should be patient and tolerant
【小題5】It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is________.
A．a(chǎn) sign of social,progress
B．not as simple as it seems
C．not necessary among family members.
D．a(chǎn) social issue calling for immediate attention

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010年山西大學(xué)附中高二上學(xué)期第一次階段考試英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

Americans, generally speaking, make an effort to be friendly with their colleagues, neighbours and other people they often run into. This often takes the form of a simple greeting like “How’s it going?” or “What’s up ?” This is simply a way of saying I see you and I recognize you.
Americans also show this friendliness in “small talk”. Small talk is a casual conversation that Americans engage in when they meet on the street, in the shop or in the office before a meeting. Usually the topics of such small talk will be something that everyone is familiar with, the weather, sports, traffic, hobbies or what’s on television. The topic of the conversation is not as important as the effort make to spend a few minutes with the other person. Small talk shows that you are a considerate person who is interested in others and who is willing to take the time to get to know people.
Small talk is used in the business world to create a friendly atmosphere and to put everyone at ease before the serious matters of business are discussed. Often businessmen will spend a few minutes talking about the weather or sports before a meeting. This form of small talk only lasts a few minutes before the American businessman wants to “get down to business.”
Asians are very skilled at making casual conversation. However, they often find it difficult to make small talk with Americans because they don’t know what to say, how to say it and who to say it to. Americans may see Asians who are reluctant to make small talk as unfriendly and cold.
【小題1】 American people ask others how it is going because      .

A．they are curious about others’ affairs
B．they are eager to help others
C．they want to start a long conversation
D．they only want to show their kindness
【小題2】Businessmen talk about weather before a meeting       .   
A．so that everyone present will feel relaxed
B．in order that everyone will be warned against the possible bad weather
C．because weather is very important to American people
D．in order to make people fresh
【小題3】The word “reluctant” means       .        
A．willingB．eagerC．unwillingD．skilled
【小題4】Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A．You should keep the conversation short.
B．Asians are not friendly and don’t like to talk with others
C．“To get down to business” means to start the work.
D．The topics of the small talk are not very important.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆陜西省澄城縣寺前中學(xué)高三第一次月考英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

Some kids start to drink alcohol （酒精） at a young age． They think it is part of becoming an adult．They also think drinking is not that bad because so many people do it．They feel it is not as bad as taking drugs （毒品）． It is easy for kids to get liquor（酒精飲料）by using fake identification （偽造證件）．
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Give the children good ideas on how to say “no” to drinking, even when they are at a party． Try not to overreact or panic （驚慌） if the child tries alcohol． How you handle it can affect their attitude． It may be helpful to talk to other parents about setting up curfews （宵禁令） and rules about parties or other events．
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT the reason why some kids have an early start of drinking?

A．They want to show their maturity （成熟） by drinking alcohol．
B．Drinking alcohol is much cooler than taking drugs．
C．They are affected by many other people around them．
D．They can get liquor easily．
【小題2】According to the passage, what changes may happen to the kids who start drinking?
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B．They keep the same eating and sleeping habits．
C．They can control their moods quite well．
D．Sometimes they act secretly．
【小題3】According to the writer, if parents find their children try alcohol, they had better ________．
A．punish them at once
B．a(chǎn)sk the police for help
C．a(chǎn)sk their children’s friends for help
D．set up curfews and rules about parties or other events with other parents
【小題4】Which is the main subject discussed in the passage?
A．Teen health．B．Teen education．
C．Teen drinkingD．Parents’ worries．

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年安微省池州市高三上學(xué)期第三次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let’s see if I can name a few proverbs “off the cuff” since I haven’t prepared for it.

English expressions with “pants”

People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are restless or nervous have “ants in their pants.” They might also “fly by the seat of their pants” -- they use their natural sense to do something instead of their learned knowledge. Sometimes, people may “get caught with their pants down” -- they are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say “she wears the pants in the family.”

When people want to say something about money

Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can “burn a hole in your pocket.” Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to “tighten your belt” -- you may have to live on less money and spend your money carefully. But once you have succeeded in budgeting your money, you will have that skill “under your belt.”

    I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really “take my hat off to them.” Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it “at the drop of a hat” — immediately, without waiting. And sadly, you cannot “pull money out of a hat” —you cannot get money by inventing or imagining it.

English expressions with “shoes”

Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are “too big for their boots” think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. I really do. You can bet your boots on that!

    Yet, truly important people are hard to replace. Rarely can you “fill their shoes” -- or replace them with someone equally effective.

English expressions with “shirt”

My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too firm and severe. They think he is a real “stuffed shirt.” But I know that my father “wears his heart on his sleeve” —he shows his feelings openly. And, he knows how to “keep his shirt on”—he stays calm and never gets angry or too excited.    

1.What is this passage mainly about? 

A. Which words can be used to describe my father.

B. Why English expressions include words about clothes.

C. What people mean when they use some proverbs.

D. How to say English correctly and properly.

2.Which of the following proverbs are not related to money?

A. tighten one’s belt                    B. take one’s hat off to them

C. burn a hole in one’s pocket            D. get caught with their pants down

3.Tim often considers himself the most important person in the world, which is far from the truth .We may say ______.

A. he “wears his heart on his sleeve ”.      B. he “bet his boots on that ”.

C. he is “too big for their boots”.          D. he “ fill their shoes”.

4.If you want to praise somebody for his calmness when facing danger, you may say______.

A. “Amazing! How can you keep your shirt on at that time!”

B. “You really fill your shoes”

C. “Awesome ! You wear your heart on your sleeve!”

D. “Cool! You are truly a stuffed shirt”.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆北京西城區(qū)（南區(qū)）高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：信息匹配

Peer（同齡人）Pressure

    Peer pressure is just part of the challenges in life.   66   If you need further guidance, this article might help you. It provides three effective tips to deal with it:

Be with friends who respect your beliefs

    You can go out with people who accept and respect the things you believe in and those who you know you can share your interests with. It is all right to be choosy with friends because you just want what is best for them and you.   67   You are just exhibiting what you know is right and good for both sides. Your friends will understand you for that. They can drag you away from discrimination and you can be confident that they will not leave you for your stand in life.

      68 

    When you are driven by so many peer pressures, you can always stay away from it. You can actually decide not to be one of them. When you have decided on it, learn to be firm with your decision.   69  They should know that you cannot be forced to do certain things because you are strong and firm with what you believe in.

Learn how to say no

Learning to say no is one big factor to deal with some pressures from all of your friends. When you are convinced to do something you know that can only destroy you or ruin you, learn to say no.   70  You cannot just say yes to anything. You have a functional mind and you know what is best for you. So learn to say no even if saying no means losing your friends.

A. Don’t blame others.

B. Have a firm decision.

C. You should know how to deal with it.

D. You can always deal with it positively.

E. Just be straightforward and say it without hesitation.

F. This does not mean you are being selfish or you are being self-centered.

G. This can make them believe that you cannot just be driven by any other thing.

 

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