It takes years of school to develop math skills, but learning about numbers starts earlier than you might think. Now according to a new study, at three months, babies have already started acquiring a concept (概念) of “how much”.
Previous research had suggested that very young babies can tell when the number of objects (物體) in a group has changed. But the babies in these studies were simply reacting generally to the fact that something had changed, they suspected.
Researchers of Harvard University studied 36 babies, all three months old. During the tests, each baby wore a hat with sensors (傳感器). The babies watched a series of images on a computer screen. They showed the same object, such as a cartoon character. For a while, the number of the objects in the pictures didn’t change. Then the images began to display a different object, or a different number of one of the objects the babies had previously looked at. As soon as something changed, the babies’ brains responded with a specific pattern of electrical signals, which would be recorded by sensors.
By analyzing these signals, the researchers discovered that one part of the brain (near the top on the left side) responded when the object in the image changed. A different part of the brain (lower and on the right side) responded when the number of objects in the image changed. This was not the area of the brain that is involved in attention. That suggests that the babies’ brains are doing more than just reacting to a change in what they’re seeing – they actually seem to be able to tell number changes from other types of changes.
Numbers and amounts are important concepts in our lives. Even though babies are years away from adding, subtracting (減), multiplying, and dividing, their brains seem to be preparing for a time when they finally will.
1.Why were hats with sensors used in the study?
|
A．To record the images on the computer screen. |
|
B．To remind babies of the changes of numbers. |
|
C．To record the electrical activity of each baby’s brain. |
|
D．To help babies concentrate on the computer screen. |
2.What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?
|
A．Babies involved in the study. |
|
B．Sensors worn by the babies. |
|
C．Numbers marked on the objects. |
|
D．Images shown on the computer screen. |
3.Which part of the brain is responsible for responding to the changes of numbers?
|
A．The top. |
|
B．The left side. |
|
C．The lower and the right side. |
|
D．The upper and the left side. |
4.The last paragraph mainly implies that .
|
A．babies are in fact cleverer than they are thought |
|
B．it is impossible to understand human brain completely |
|
C．numbers play the most important part in people’s lives |
|
D．the ability of babies remain a mystery to scientists |
5.The purpose of the study is to prove that .
|
A．math skills should be developed as early as possible |
|
B．numbers are easier for babies to judge than images |
|
C．babies really do have some sense of numbers |
|
D．babies can react differently to what they see |
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.C
【解析】文章是通過研究告訴大家很小的孩子就有數(shù)字的感覺。
1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后2行the babies’ brains responded with a specific pattern of electrical signals, which would be recorded by sensors.
2.猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上文的The babies watched a series of images on a computer screen.可知they是指a series of images。
3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二行A different part of the brain (lower and on the right side) responded when the number of objects in the image changed.
4.推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的Even though babies are years away from adding, subtracting (減), multiplying, and dividing, their brains seem to be preparing for a time when they finally will.可知A正確。
5.總結(jié)歸納題。本文就是為了告訴大家很小的孩子就有數(shù)字的感覺。
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【小題2】A move out B move in C move around D graduat
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【小題3】A sent B driven C invited D called on
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Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it's a "rite of passage" (標志) to stay up all night during college and that "ifs kind of fun," Thacher says.
But "if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average," Thacher says. "Pulling all-nighters gives in your (overall) sleep" and makes it difficult to reach full academic potential.
Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.
A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six bas ketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.
"Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game," says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. "It's not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference (getting more sleep) could make athletically," they'd apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise.
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A. one can reach his potential by staying up late
B. it takes one all night to recite a passage
C. the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is
D. all-nighters affect one's academic performance
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D. The study may help persuade all students to sleep wall.
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B. it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better
C. people don't understand getting more sleep can make a difference
D. athletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster
5. What is this passage mainly concerned about?
A. A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.
B. Collage students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.
C Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.
D. A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep.
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Colleges are starting to wake up to how sleep deprivation(剝奪) cuts into the academic and athletic performance of their students. All-nighters have become a habit in higher education, but a handful of small new studies help document the consequences.
A study at St. Lawrence University in Canton, N.Y., showed what may seem obvious to most: All-nighters are not an effective way to succeed in school.
“You can’t do your best work when you’re sleep-deprived,” says psychology professor Pamela Thacher, who wrote the study. Thacher, studied the sleeping patterns and grades of 111 students to see the relationship between sleep and their GPAs.
Two-thirds of the students reported that they had pulled at least one all-nighter during a semester. Many students believe that it’s a “rite of passage”(標志) to stay up all night during college and that “it’s kind of fun,” Thacher says.
But “if you use all-nighters, your GPA is slightly lower on average,” Thacher says. “Pulling all-nighters gives in your (overall) sleep” and makes it difficult to reach full academic potential.
Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation include delayed reactions and tendencies to make mistakes.
A Stanford University study may help persuade at least student athletes to make more time for bed. Cheri Mah, a graduate researcher at Stanford, worked with six basketball players, who all ran faster and made more shots over a period in which they slept at least 10 hours a night.
“Athletes who get an extra amount of sleep are more likely to improve their performance in a game,” says Mah, who released results from an ongoing study in June. “It’s not common knowledge, because if people understood how much of a difference (getting more sleep could make athletically,” they’d apply it more to their lives and not focus solely on nutrition and exercise.
66．According to the study at St. Lawrence University, ___________.
A．one can reach his potential by staying up late
B．it takes one all night to recite a passage
C．the less one sleeps, the more effective his work is
D．a(chǎn)ll-nighters affect one’s academic performance
67．The underlined word “document” in the first paragraph probably means ___________.
A．prove B．check C．oppose D．improve
68．Which of the following statements is true?
A．All-nighters are a short-cut to success in school.
B．All-nighters can make one’s GPAs much higher.
C．Staying up late tends to react slowly and make mistakes.
D．The study may help persuade all students to sleep well.
69．According to Cheri Mah, _______.
A．a(chǎn)thletes improve their performance only by means of nutrition and exercise
B．it is known to all that those who get extra sleep perform better
C．people don’t understand getting more sleep can make a difference
D．a(chǎn)thletes should sleep as much as possible to run faster
70．What is this passage mainly concerned about?
A．A study on all-nighters at St. Lawrence University.
B．College students’ performance suffering from lack of sleep.
C．Short-term side effects of sleep deprivation.
D．A Stanford University study on athletes’ sleep
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