Question

If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s ( 人類學家 ) door to the stomach.

   In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.

   They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave another kind because they photosynthesized ( 光合作用 ) differently.

   Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls ( 頭骨 ) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong.

   The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.

   However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthroupus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggests they probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.

   Carbon “foodprints” give us a completely new and different insight into what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived in a tropical grassland, for example.

1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that _____.

A. anthropologists can study the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth.

B. anthropologists can study the diet of early humans by studying their teeth

C. anthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth

D. anthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth

2.According to Paragraph 3 to 5, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds.

B. Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves.

C. Early humans with hard and sharp teeth ate meat and leaves.

D. Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth.

3.The example of the Paranthropus was mentioned in the article in order to _____.

A. tell readers that they are one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa

B. tell readers they had different eating habits from modern humans

C. prove that size and shape of skulls does not show accurately what early humans ate

D. tell readers that living environment makes a difference to skull structure

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.B

2.D

3.C

【解析】

試題分析：在一份最近發(fā)表的雜志中研究人員聲稱如果眼睛是心靈的窗戶，那么牙齒便是通向胃的大門。也就是說通過對牙齒的研究可以發(fā)現(xiàn)動物是以草本植物為食還是以肉為食，但是他們也提出其中也有例外情況，不能完全根據(jù)這種方法來進行判斷。

1.B推理判斷題。整篇文章講述了科學家通過對牙齒的研究來判斷他們所吃的食物，而且第二段也明確提出examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.由此可知B選項正確。

2.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. 和The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different.可知不同事物會在牙齒上留下不同的印痕和碳，所以D選項正確。

3.C推理判斷題。文章第四段講述科學家是如何根據(jù)牙齒的形狀，大小和頭骨來判斷人類所吃的食物的，但是最后提出But this was proven wrong.然后下文講了傍人的例子，來說明他們的錯誤判斷，所以C選項正確。

考點：考查科學知識類短文閱讀。